Imfundo:, Imfundo yesikole kanye nezikole
Izimo zemvelo zaseJapane. Imithombo yemvelo yaseJapane (itafula)
IJapane isifundazwe sase-Asia esiseziqhingini. Ngokuvumelana namazinga okuphila, iqala kuqala emhlabeni. Lokhu kwathinta kanjani izimo zemvelo nezinsiza zaseJapane?
Okuncane mayelana nezwe
Isimo sitholakala ngokuphelele kwi-archipelago yaseJapan, equkethe iziqhingi ezinkulu nezincane ezingu-6 852. Zonke zineziqhingi zezintaba noma ze-volcanic, ezinye azihlali. Ingxenye enkulu yensimu yiziqhingi ezine ezinkulu : iHokkaido, iHonshu, iKyushu neShikoku.
Umbuso ugezwa yiJapane, i-Okhotsk, i-East China yolwandle yasePacific Ocean. Ihlukanisa umngcele neMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia, eNingizimu Korea, eChina nasePhilippines. Abantu basendaweni babika igama lezwe ngokuthi "Nippon" noma "Nippon Coke", okuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi iNdawo Yelanga Eliphumayo.
Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-127 bahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-377 944. Inhloko-dolobha yaseJapane - idolobha laseTokyo - lihlala esiqhingini saseHonshu. IJapane iyinkosi engumthethosisekelo-iphalamende, eholwa umbusi.
Izinsiza zehlathi
Amahlathi - lezo zimithombo zemvelo zaseJapane, izwe elinalo. Zifaka ngaphezu kwengu-65% yensimu. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamahlathi yizindawo zokukhiqiza. Ezweni likhula ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingu-2500 zezitshalo. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezintaba, amahlumela asezindaweni ezisemaphandleni akhula, ama-coniferous ahlala enyakatho, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe asezindaweni eziphakathi.
Eziqhingini kukhona izimila ezishisayo: izihlahla zezundu, ama-fern, izihlahla zezithelo. Eziqhingini zaseRyukyu, amazambane ama-sweet, ushukela ukhula. Ezisezintabeni zakha i-pine, i-fir, ama-oki ahlale eluhlaza. Izwe linenombolo enkulu ye-endemics, phakathi kwabo i-cypress yaseJapane ne-cryptomeria. Lapha ungabona umuthi we- relic we-ginkgo.
Ngaphansi kwezintaba eziqhingini zaseHonshu naseHokkaido, isibonelo eFujiyama, amahlathi amakhulu avulekile. Emkhakheni wamakhilomitha angaphezu kweyodwa, indawo ephakeme yezingqimba eziphakeme, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-mepows alpine. Izindawo ezinkulu zihlala emahlathini ase-bamboo, akhule ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha.
Imithombo yamanzi
Imithombo yamanzi yaseJapane iboniswa ngobuningi bamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi, amachibi nemifula. Imifula emikhulu yezintaba iminyene, imfushane futhi iyashesha. Ukuze athumele imikhumbi, imifula yaseJapane ayifanelekile, kodwa ithola isicelo ku-hydropower. Zisetshenziselwa ukuchelela umhlaba wezolimo.
Imifula emikhulu yiSinano, amakhilomitha angu-367 ubude kanye namakhilomitha angama-322 amakhilomitha, kokubili esiqhingini saseHonshu. Ingqikithi yemifula emikhulu engu-24, kuhlanganise noJoshino (iSikhu Island), iTokogo noKuma (Kyushu), nabanye. Ezindaweni ezihlukene, amanzi aphezulu ebusika noma ehlobo ajwayelekile, okuvame ukuholela ezikhukhuleni.
Elizweni kukhona amachibi asezintabeni angajulile angasenalwandle. Ezinye zazo, isibonelo i-Kuttyaro, i-Tovado, zivela emlonyeni we-volcanic. I-Saroma neKasumigaura bayilwandle. Ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke eJapane lamanzi ahlanzekile aseJapane (670 sq. Km.) Ikhona esiqhingini saseHonshu.
Imithombo yamaminerali
Imithombo yamaminerali yaseJapane imelwe ngesamba esincane. Ngokuyinhloko akwanele ukuthuthukiswa okuzimele kwembonini, ngakho-ke umbuso kufanele uhlanganise kancane ukungabi nokuthengwa kwempahla eluhlaza, isibonelo, amafutha, igesi lemvelo, i-iron ore.
Elizweni kunezinhlayiya zesulfure, amasheya amancane ama-manganese, i-lead-zinc, ithusi, i-ore yesiliva, igolide, i-chromites, i-iron ore, i-barite. Amagugu abo amafutha negesi amancane. Kunezinhlawulo ezincane ze vanadium, titanium, polymetallic, nickel, lithium, uranium nezinye izinsimbi. Ezweni, eJapane ungomunye wabaholi ekuqothulweni kwe-iodine.
I-limestone, isihlabathi, i-dolomite ne-pyrite itholakala ngobuningi obukhulu. Umbuso ucebile enhlabathini yensimbi, eye isetshenziswa isikhathi eside ekwakhiweni kwensimbi yaseJapane edumile ngamacu, imimese nezinkemba.
Imithombo yesimo sezulu kanye namandla
Izimo zezulu zaseJapane zithandeka ekuthuthukiseni ezolimo. Ubude obuvela enyakatho naseningizimu bunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuthi eziqhingini ezahlukene isimo sezulu singahluka kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kunzima kakhulu, ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubumnene.
Iziqhingi zase-Ryukyu naseKyushu, ngenxa yemimoya emvula emvula kanye ne-hot Kuroshio yamanje, inesimo sezulu esishisayo nendawo eshisayo. Lapha isikhathi sokuvuna siza kabili ngonyaka. Izixuku ze-air kanye nezimpondo ngokuvamile zifaka isandla emvula enkulu, futhi ebusika ziletha iziqhwala nazo. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, isimo sezulu sinomoya ophansi.
Inqwaba yezinsuku ezishisayo, indawo yezintaba, ukutholakala kwemimoya kanye nemifula ejulile yezintaba kudala izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwamanye amandla. Ingozi esiteshini samandla enyukliya ngo-2011 yaqhubekela phambili kuleli zwe. Muva nje, ngaphezu kwe-hydropower, izwe lihlakulela izindlela zokuthola isithombevoltaic, ukushisa kwelanga, amandla omoya.
Imithombo yemvelo yaseJapane (itafula)
Isihloko | Isibonelo: | Isicelo |
Ihlathi | Amaxube, ama-tropical, ama-tropical, ama-coniferous amahlathi | Ukusebenza kwezinkuni, ukuthekelisa |
Amanzi | Imifula yezintaba (iSinano, iTone, Mimi, Gokase, Yoshino, iTiguco), amachibi ajulile namanzi angajulile | I-Hydropower, ukuchelela, ukuhlinzeka kwamanzi asekhaya |
Umhlaba | I-Krasnozems, inhlabathi ephuzi, inhlabathi ensundu, i-peaty, i-podzolic kancane, inhlabathi yonke | Ukulima kwelayisi nezinye okusanhlamvu (ukolweni, ummbila, ibhali), izithelo nemifino ekhula |
Biological | Izinhlobo ezingu-260 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo ezingu-700 zezinyoni, izinhlobo ezingu-100 zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izinhlobo ezingu-600 zezinhlanzi, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zama-mollusk | Ukudoba, ukubamba amaqabunga, ama-oyster, ama-shrimp |
Amaminerali (ikakhulu asetshenziselwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zangaphandle) | Inombolo enkulu: i-limestone, isihlabathi, i-dolomite, i-pyrite, i-iodine; Okuncane: amalahle, i-iron ore, i-nickel, ukuhola, igolide, isiliva, i-lithium, i-tungsten, ithusi, i-tin, i-molybdenum, i-mercury, i-manganese, i-barite, i-chromium, njll. | I-Industry (i-metallurgy, engineering engineering, amakhemikhali); Ubuchwepheshe bamandla |
Amandla | Amagagasi olwandle, imimoya, imifula, izinsuku zelanga | Amanye amandla |
Izimo kanye nemithombo yemvelo yaseJapane (okwesikhashana)
IJapane lizwe elimangalisayo nelithakazelisayo. Lapha kukhona izintaba, amahlathi, imifula kanye namaminerali. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwezomnotho kwezimo zemvelo zaseJapane ngokuvamile kuzwakala kudumaza. Into yokuthi iningi lemithombo yezwe ekhona yezinhloso zezimboni kunzima ukuyisebenzisa noma engenakwenzeka nhlobo.
Imithombo yamaminerali yaseJapane ihluke kakhulu, kodwa inombolo yabo incane kakhulu. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zensimu kahulumeni azifanele ezolimo ngenxa yendawo enamagagasi. Amahlathi amaningi akhula ezintabeni ayitholakali ukusika ngenxa yengozi yokukhuphuka kwamanzi kanye nokwehla kwamanzi. Imifula ayifanele ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa kokuhamba.
Konke lokhu kuhlobene. Phela, naphezu kokutholakala kwemithombo yemvelo empofu, iJapane iyakwazi ukuphuma ngesimo ngobuchule. Ukuthekeliswa okukhulu kwemithi, izilwane zasolwandle nezinhlanzi, ukukhiqiza izilwane, ilayisi, ukukhiqiza imifino, ukuthuthukiswa komshini wamakhamera kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, imithombo yamandla ahlukile ayivumeli izwe ukuthi lishiye isikhundla esiphambili sezwe ezingeni lomnotho.
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