Isigodlo Italy: umlando, incazelo. ezikhangayo Kronstadt

izivakashi eziningi ufuna ukubona esigodlweni Italian Petersburg. Kodwa iphuzu search isithakazelo umuzi iNeva akudingekile. Ngemva esigodlweni, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko akuyona Petersburg Kronstadt. Lesi sakhiwo elihle ngokuthi amaHholo ka Menshikov futhi, ngoba engilakhele "Iningi Serene Prince." Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umngane oseduze sikaPeter Omkhulu waba izigodlo ezintathu. Okokuqala ligcinwe Petersburg, kwesibili - nawesithathu e Oranienbaum - Kronstadt.

Futhi kwaba esigodlweni zokugcina dwarfs ubuhle ezimbili zokuqala. Kuyindida Menshikov ngakho akazange abe nesikhathi ukujabulela konke lokhu okunethezeka. Waboshwa futhi bathunjwe, futhi ifa lidlule endlini yengcebo isimo. Kodwa kungani Kronstadt baba base ukwakhiwa esigodlweni? Yini sasishukumisa e Kotlin Island, okwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi e amakhilomitha ayisihlanu Petersburg? Lokhu uzofunda kusukela kulesi sihloko.

ezikhangayo Kronstadt

Indawo lapho uPeter Omkhulu wanquma ukubeka edolobheni, igcwele iziqhingi. On omunye wabo, Kotlin, walayela ukwakha inqaba. Kwaba ukuvikela yokungena somfula iNeva kusukela emikhunjini Swedish. Lokhu lenqaba Yakhiwa ngoMeyi 1704. Wawubizwa ngokuthi "Kronshlot" - enqabeni wasebukhosini. Kodwa lempi Fort izindlu kancane kancane yene nezakhamuzi. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili kamuva, kwakukhona kakade igalari yezitolo, azungeze okuyinto selilos bathengisi. Ngakho gama lashintshwa Kronstadt - umuzi wenkosi. Wayezungezwe izinqaba okukhona manje zalo ezikhangayo main: "UMbusi u-Alexander I ka", "Kronshlot", "Totleben" futhi "Obruchev".

Kube esiqhingini a futhi ingadi ehlobo. Kusukela amasonto Kronstadt basho kufanele wenziwe uVladimir futhi Kronstadt Naval Cathedral. Futhi-ke, ukukhangwa enkulu yalesi emzini lesi siqhingi Menshikov Palace. Ikheli le sakhiwo elinomlando nzima simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: Makarovsky Street 3. Namhlanje Kronstadt uyekile kube esiqhingini ngomqondo esiqinile yaleli gama: ngonyaka ka-1984, idamu sekuxhumekile iloli lakhe emgwaqweni omkhulu wamyisa Petersburg. Kodwa zomlando yedolobha kuyinto ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-UNESCO, njengoba Yomhlaba.

Kungani esigodlweni isiNtaliyane, ngakho-ke ngokuthi?

Omunye uthola umuzwa wokuthi Alexander Menshikov bakhangwa ukwakha amagumbi abo of abaklami enhlonhlweni. Nokho, mbono oyiphutha. Ophethe umsebenzi abaklami German. wokwakha kwadalwa I. F. Braunshteyn. Waqondisa umsebenzi H. Schedel. Ukuze isampula amaJalimane wathatha Palazzo, okuyinto ecebe kangaka e-Italy. Kukhona umbono ukuthi iqhaza labasebenzi abavamile ekwakhiweni esigodlweni babe abomdabu yale nhlonhlo, kodwa le nguqulo Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Cishe, Menshikov nje bathandile isitayela Italian Baroque nesiJalimane bamapulani bazivumelanisa kwezimo ezinzima iziqhingi zakhe Gulf.

Isakhiwo sakhiwa nge namakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi Twenty onyakeni amabili nane. esigodlweni Italian njalo abanikazi. Iyisonto esikoleni, okuyinto alimaza kakhulu izakhiwo zenani zomlando namasiko ezaziwayo. Ikakhulukazi Ushintshe ukubonakala kabusha kwesigodlo AN Akutina no E. H. Ahnert, owawusedolobheni Maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye.

Umlando: ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili

Lwathi luphela ukwakhiwa isigodlo isiNtaliyane, Russia nase-Sweden usayine kuthula, futhi Menshikov yawela ihlazo. impahla yakhe lidlule endlini yengcebo. Esikhathini 1740s esigodlweni ngokuthi indlu yakhe siqu Imperial seNkosi. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili kamuva, eKolishi Admiralty iyiswe esigodlweni Italy. Kronstadt ngesikhathi kwadingeka isevisi njalo Petersburg kuphela isizini efudumele ngu ngomkhumbi izikebhe. Ngakho-ke, umnyango kahulumeni akalithabathanga isakhiwo, yize kwakubhalwe ngaphansi kwakhe. Khona-ke isakhiwo lwesigodlo wayiswa esikoleni amatilosi, eholwa UStepan Malygin. Kusukela 1771 kuya 1798 isakhiwo wayephethe Naval ubusosha Corps.

Lokuhlela Kabusha yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye

Ngo 1815 ekugcineni ukuxhumana njalo phakathi Kronstadt futhi Petersburg. Sailboats CAB yangasese indawo "passazhboty" eziklanyelwe by Charles Byrd. Kwaqala ezokuthutha amanzi umphakathi waseRussia. Kotlin esiqhingini isibe kufinyeleleke kalula. Futhi kusukela 1798 kuya 1872-th olwandle School Petersburg iyiswe esigodlweni Italy. Kamuva kulesi sikhungo Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Marine Technical, futhi phambi Okthoba Revolution lalibizwa Engineering.

Abafundi bahlale esakhiweni mlando yaba buhlungu ngendlela nomthelela ekuphepheni yayo. Futhi isikhathi, kanye nesimo sezulu kunomoya uye yehlelwa isakhiwo. Esikhathini forties yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye liye waqala kabusha olukhulu esigodlweni. Wawenziwa ngokuvumelana amacebo abaklami Akutina futhi Stasov. Entshonalanga odongeni lwesigodlo lwaphuka ubusosha engadini kanye on-site eGcekeni - Admiralty. Ekupheleni isakhiwo ekhulwini ezinwetshiwe (Project L. Novikova).

Kwakubukeka njengolimi Italian Palace (Kronstadt)?

Ekuqaleni kwakuwumuzi esinezitezi ezintathu-, ayoliswe e Italian isitayela Baroque. Ingaphambili layo lihlotshiswe pilasters, bas-imifanekiso, zokuhlobisa isitsha sezimbali itshe. Roof ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele ngumuntu balustrade nge eziqoshiwe. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi njengoba isigodlo isiNtaliyane, a ichibi wemba phambi olungaphambili lwesonto eyinhloko isakhiwo. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Giovanni Fontana gqizisa it emithonjeni eziningana kunabantu.

Lokhu echibini, okuthiwa ngokuba ithempeli alisilo isiNtaliyane, waqhubeka itheku abathengisi '. Wasebenza for ubusika lwemikhumbi. LoMfula Cranes amabili ayesebenzela wasusa insika kusukela emikhunjini, futhi ekuqaleni navigation uwafake endaweni yawo. Umthengisi futhi itheku kwafika imikhumbi ngokuletha izinhlanzi kusukela Lake Ladoga. Ukuze ahwebe ogwini Yakhiwa isakhiwo, okuyinto ufana isakhiwo ezikhathini zasendulo. Lalibizwa ngokuthi igama lesakhiwo esikulesi classical isitayela Fish imigqa. Maphakathi nawo-nesishiyagalolunye izigodlo Italy ngekhulu ukwakha sesine.

isakhiwo yesimanje

Fire elafika ngo-1926, wabhubhisa lokho spoilt abafundi. Lesi sakhiwo sase siphendukile, kodwa akuyona sifana esakhiweni yasekuqaleni. Lesi sigodlo esiwavakashele iNdlu iRed Army, Sailor sika Club, endlunkulu Baltic Fleet. Bese kuba khona wawakhiwe endaweni yomdlalo weshashalazi. Kusukela ekupheleni 2011 emnyuziyamu asolwandle njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni yanikwa esigodlweni kwama-Italian ku Kronstadt. Mode okusebenzela kuyo izinhlangano zamasiko ulula. It ivuliwe kusuka 8:15 kuya 17:15, nge break ihora emini. NgoMgqibelo nangeSonto isakhiwo akusebenzi.