Ulimi Austria. Ulimi olusemthethweni Austria

ulimi Austrian kuyinto okufana German ejwayelekile. It has ezibhaliwe futhi ngomlomo efomini yaso. Isetshenziselwa e-Austria futhi enyakatho ye-Italy. Lolu limi ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto obaluleke kakhulu endaweni. Kuyinto abezindaba main nezinye izimo esisemthethweni. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, iningi Austrians zisebenzisa lwesigodi Bavarian futhi Alemannic ka-German.

I-Republic of Austria

Ulimi, okuyinto manje noyisikhulu isimo, wazalwa phakathi nekhulu XVIII. Ngo-1774, iNdlovukazi uMaria Theresa nendodana yakhe UJoseph II owethulwa isikole ayimpoqo. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMbuso Habsburg kwaba ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi. amazinga Ibhalwe ezibhekwa "High German". A nomthelela phezu kwayo zezigodi Bavarian futhi Alemannic. Sezilimi Johann Sigmund Popovich aphakanyisiwe ukwakha indinganiso entsha. isisekelo salo kufanele abe South-German zezigodi. Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu eziphathekayo, kwanqunywa ukuba bahlanganise ngokuthi "ihhovisi Saxon" ulimi standard. Ekuqaleni, lalisetshenziswa njenge-sokuphatha Meissen naseDresden.

Modern Austria - izwe laseYurophu, ikomkhulu lalo - Vienna. It is Umncele osenyakatho iJalimane. Austrian labantu izinqolobane abantu abayizigidi 8,66. It ubuswa abantu bomdabu. Phakathi ezincane kazwelonke - amaJalimane, amaSerbia nabaseTurkey. Le ndawo ingqikithi isimo kuyinto 83,879 amakhilomitha square. German Austrian kuyinto ethambile futhi izingoma ezingaphezu, esizwa ukusetshenziswa oluningi Isijobelelo - l. Kulesi ulimi, uthi 88,6% labantu. Bobabili ulimi telulwimi lolukhulunywako kwabakhileyo Austria luhlukile kusukela kulimi olusemthethweni German. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kubukeka sengathi lwesigodi Bavarian.

Ngakho, ulimi olusemthethweni Austria kuyinto ngomsuka efanayo womhlaba, IsiSwidi nesiJalimane empeleni. Nokho, izwe ngalinye nezilimi zalo siqu. Leli fomu ahlukene ebhaliwe iye yasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi. Kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu oyiyo lwetakhi telulwimi kanye nesilulumagama. "Zokubhala Saxon" ulimi akulula ukuqonda, ngisho kakhulu Austrians namaJalimane. Kunezindlela eziningi matemu. Kuleli fomu akukho izinhlobonhlobo zesifunda, ngoba lalisetshenziswa nguhulumeni, okuyinto has iminyaka eminingi esekelwe eVienna. Namuhla, isetshenziswa sazikhohlwa, e imibhalo-ke kancane kancane ubuyisela ejwayelekile German.

ulimi Modern Austria

standard okusha ebhaliwe yasungulwa ngu Joseph von Sonnenfels. Isetshenziselwa izincwadi yesimanje kusukela 1951. Bakhandwa lishicilelwe uMnyango KaHulumeni Wezemfundo, Ezobuciko Nezamasiko Wase-Austria. Ngaphambi kwalokho, iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-300 lalibhekwa lwesigodi standard, okuyinto akhulunywa Habsburg asebukhosini kanye izikhulu. Ayevelele ngu ngezinga eliphezulu imisindo acinene ngokuqhathaniswa nenguqulo yamanje. Ulimi engakaze isungulwe njengoba standard - sikhulunywa umphakathi eliphezulu.

German siwulimi olusemthethweni e-Austria, ngokuvumelana UMthethosisekelo weRiphabhulikhi. It is olukhulunywa abantu abangaba ngu-8 million. Umthetho usungula i izilimi kazwelonke ezincane. Carinthia futhi Styria zisebenzisa Slovenian e Burgenland - isiHungary and Croatian.

njengoba lwesigodi

plyuritsentrichen German. Ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuba usho ukuthi izinhlobo zawo, bamukela njengenhlangano esemthethweni kwezinye izifundazwe, ilungile. ulimi Austrian ibonakala omunye izinhlobonhlobo German ejwayelekile. Isimo siyefana ebudlelwaneni obukhona phakathi waseBrithani nowaseMelika ngesiNgisi. Kukhona umehluko ezinye zezici ezincane (isib, imphimiso, silulumagama, luhlelo lwelulwimi) Nokho, abantu-Austria naseJalimane akwazi ukuxhumana.

German Standard e-Austria

Dictionary Esemthethweni ichaza imithetho yolimi kanye pronunciation, senziwe isimo. I kabusha senzeke ngo-1996. Nokho, Republic of Austria isebenzisa kancane ehlukile kunaleyo abayikhokhela eJalimane ulimi. Ikakhulukazi ngomehluko obonakala ngokuya Culinary, kwezomnotho kanye zomthetho. Lokhu kungenxa izici zomlando kwetinhlavu Austria naseJalimane njengoba uthi ahlukene ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka.

Kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama

lwesigodi Austrian isiJalimane, efana Okhahlamba, isebenzisa asizayo isenzo sein lesesikhatsini ephelele, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa ukubonakaliswa ukunyakaza, kodwa futhi isimo. I preterituma ifomu inkulumo cishe asisebenzi. Ngaphandle ezinye simokwenta. ulimi Austrian German futhi ezahlukene imigomo lucebe. Ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane ngo-January nazyvayut Januar. E-Austria - Jänner, «kulo nyaka," lihunyushwa ngokuthi Heur, hhayi dieses Jahr, «ezitebhisini» - Stiege, hhayi Treppe, «kushimula» - Rauchfang, esikhundleni Schornstein. imibandela eyehlukile Abaningi nezokuphatha, zomthetho kanye nangesimo sezepolitiki, amagama emikhiqizo. Phakathi kwabo:

• Amazambane. German - Kartoffeln. I-Austria - Erdäpfel.
• ophehliwe. German - Schlagsahne. I-Austria - Schlagobers.
• Inyama yenkomo. German - Hackfleisch. I-Austria - Faschiertes.
• ubhontshisi oluhlaza. German - Kartoffeln. I-Austria - Erdäpfel.
• Ukholifulawa. German - Blumenkohl. I-Austria - Karfiol.
• Brussels amahlumela. German - Rosenkohl. I-Austria - Kohlsprossen.
• Amabhilikosi. German - Aprikosen. I-Austria - Marillen.
• Utamatisi. German - Paradeiser. I-Austria - Tomaten.
• Pancake. German - Pfannkuchen. I-Austria - Palatschinken.
• Curd. German - Quark. I-Austria - Topfen.
• Horseradish. German - Meerrettich. I-Austria - Kren.

Akufanele sibakhohlwe mayelana "abangane bamanga" notolika. Amanye amagama azo zombili lezi zilimi apelwe okufanayo kodwa anezincazelo ezihlukile kakhulu.

izici lesifunda

ulimi Austrian German kuhlanganisa eziningi zezigodi. Abakwazi izwakale enkulumweni yansuku zonke. Izakhamuzi Bavaria kulula ukuqonda Austrians. Amazwi alula ayafana noma ezithi azifane e imixhantela eminingi, kodwa ingakhishwa gama libizwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kuyinto ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukubona lapho kwazalelwa khona umthombo, cishe ngokushesha. Ngemva ukubusa Austria-European Union, ulimi lakhona olusemthethweni ivikelwe inombolo Protocol 10. Inombolo 23, leli gama liye kwabelwe, okungokwendlela emkhakheni wezolimo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lena uma engakaze ibonwe. German Austrian kuphela ulimi pluricentric okuyinto obonwa umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe noma European.