Isifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod: izifunda, nasemizaneni nakweminye emincanyana

Esikhathini kusuka 1714 kuya 1719 ngesinqumo somthetho kaPetru mina kwenziwe kabusha zesifunda, isehlane ngaphansi kwazo izinhlangano entsha ehlukile. Ngesisekelo esinqumweni sifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod ngesula Kazan wenza iyunithi ezimele nesikhungo salo Nizhny Novgorod.

izigaba ukwakheka

division sokuphatha 1708 kwaholela wokukhushulwa Nizhny Novgorod esifundazweni Kazan. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha, enyakatho-ntshonalanga okuyingxenye baba ehlukile ezimele sifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod. ngemva lasungulwa nje kweminyaka emithathu lokujoyina Kazan. ukuzimela Final ethola Meyi 29, 1719 by esinqumweni uPetru I. Ngo-inkathi eqala lapho nesikhombisa ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili yezandla ehlukahlukene ayenziwa. Ukulima Ngempumelelo emazweni amasha, lapho kusungulwa i-division yezenhlalakahle zomsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa lezimpahla-imali emnothweni waletha isifundazwe ezingeni elisha.

neyezandla yasendaweni

Izakhamuzi eziningi babehileleke ukukhiqizwa umanyolo. Lokhu chemical ngenkathi yasetshenziswa ekwenzeni insipho ukwenza, ingilazi ukwakhiwa opende, kanye womshini powder. Arzamas County laliyisikhungo ukukhiqizwa. Idolobhana sifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod loke nje lidume ngokuthunga ngensimbi onekhono, nababazi. Izakhamuzi Balakhna ikakhulu wasebenza phezu shipbuilding waxhumana ekukhiqizeni usawoti. Idolobhana sifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod sakhiwe imizana eminingana. Ngokwesibonelo, e Bogorodskoye babe ngokushesha ayisishiyagalolunye emizaneni, ngamunye okwakukhona tanners abadumile zasebukhosini. Umkhakha futhi ayenziwa esifundeni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili, ihange esikhulu lesi sitshalo Yakhiwa epherishi Gorodetsky. Phakathi kwaleli khulu leminyaka elifanayo iqala umsebenzi wayo insimbi bese waphonsa izitshalo yensimbi Demidov. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo zezimboni main bekulokhu Nizhniy Novgorod. Lapha wahlanganyela zokukhiqiza ikhebula, shipbuilding, ukucutshungulwa metal, tanneries, Breweries, ukukhiqizwa lwemithombo, isitini futhi steel, nabanye abaningi. Futhi, esifundazweni abadumile zabathengisi ezinhle ababenza izinto emadolobheni ehlukene ngisho laze eSiberia.

Ukwakheka izifunda phambi 1917

Ngo 1779, i-Government wanquma ukusungula Nizhny Novgorod yokubusa, okuzobe ahlanganisa nantathu izifunda. Ngo 1796, i-yokubusa iye yaphela, ngakho kwamiswa isifunda Nizhny Novgorod. Lolu shintsho kuye kwaholela ukuqedwa iPrincess, Macarius, Sergach, Pochinok futhi Pyanskoperevozskogo izifunda. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ngaphansi yokutakula hit kwabathathu bokuqala. Ngenxa yalokho esifundazweni Nizhni Novgorod e-1917, ngesikhathi unyaka lalinabashumayeli izifunda nanye. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi iyona Nizhniy Novgorod wesifunda elinabantu abantu 90.053. Arzamas Balakhna wesifunda futhi kufakwe ezintathu eziphezulu ezinomthwalo inombolo 10 592 no-5 120 ngokulandelana. Kwabe sekufika Gorbatovsky, Sergach, Vasilsursk, Semyonov futhi Ardatov izifunda. izinombolo Iningi elincane iPrincess, futhi Lukoyanovskaya Makarievsky izifunda.

ukuphila Post-mbuso ka-Nizhny Novgorod

Ngemva Revolution kuka-1917, unyaka izifunda entsha ahlanganiswe sifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod. Izifunda awazange kuphela wanezela, kodwa futhi ngokwengxenye iqanjwe kabusha. 1918 usuku ekuqambeni kabusha Gorbatovskaya County Pavlovsky. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Uvuko wesifunda kwamiswa. Ngu ekuqambeni kabusha Makaryevsky uvele Lyskovsky County ngemva kweminyaka emibili. 1921 kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwelinye ezintathu - Vyskunskogo, Pochinok futhi Sormovo. Futhi kulo nyaka, County iqanjwe kabusha Balakhninsky Gorodetsky. Ngemva konyaka, isifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod uthethe ngaphansi iphiko layo emikhandlwini emibili futhi 6 izifunda Kostroma, cishe ngokuphelele Kurmysh esifundeni Simbirsk, kanye nasemalokishini ezine, ngaphambili kwakungekaNkulunkulu Tambov. emikhulu Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho indawo sezishiye ukudalwa Kanavinsky endaweni ukusebenza. Ukuvela izifunda zaholela ekubeni kube ukuqedwa elidala futhi ngaso ukubusa nesikhathi ukuhlanganiswa ezinkulu. Ngakho kukhona umlando Pochinok, Kurmysh, iPrincess, Vuko Vasilsursk, Varnavinsky futhi Artdatovsky izifunda. Uvele kulo nyaka Krasnobakovsky County. Ngo-1924, ezine parish wathuthela Mari Autonomous Region. Northern Dvina Governorate ladluliselwa komunye lesifunda, eyabonakala kusukela Nizhny Novgorod. Ngokuphathelene kumiswa izinhlangano elisha, bese ziba Rastyapinsky Balakhninsky nezindawo abasebenza. Futhi ngo-1924 Somovsky County yaguqulwa wesifunda zokusebenza-class. Ukulandela imiphumela izinguquko post-wamavukelambuso ngo-1926, isifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod kuhlanganisiwe izifunda nanye nezifunda ezine.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Akukho in the Empire Russian was hhayi ningi than a umkhakha cottage athuthukile ukwedlula e Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni. Ngaphambi inguquko kwakukhona isibalo esikhulu izincwadi echaza umsebenzi. I yesiteleka kakhulu futhi kubalulekile umlando kubhekwe emithathu ivolumu "Nizhny Novgorod esiFundazweni Ucwaningo zemstvo yesifundazwe." Incwadi yakhe yesibili kahle uchaza yonke imininingwane ye umkhakha cottage kule ingxenye yeRussia. Lidonsa hhayi kuphela okuqukethwe incwadi, kodwa futhi ukusebenza kwawo. Ecinga emakhasini, umfundi ihlangabezana lenqwaba imifanekiso esiyingqayizivele. Ngo iningi ziboniswe ukukhiqizwa wezandla yezandla, amalahle eyinhloko labadubuli ekudalweni eziyinkimbinkimbi wensimbi onekhono.

memo wesimanje

Namuhla, cishe wonke owayephila ngesikhathi imizamo baqoqe kakhulu ngemvelaphi yabo. Ukuze uthole ukuthi umuntu ahlala kulo, owazalwa ngo lanamuhla Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni, ukuba izikhulu, noma okhokho baso babengabapristi ababazi elula, ekusizeni ncwadi lozalo sifundazwe Nizhny Novgorod. Funda kungaba inthanethi ngokusebenzisa "United Centre Genealogy," noma uxhumane ingobo yomlando wendawo yakho. izincwadi nohlanga ukuchaza abasebenzi izakhiwo ezahlukene. Kusuka lapha ungakwazi ukuthola kuliphi ilungelo kwaba ngukhokho: udokotela noma postman, umahluleli, noma mhlawumbe isihlakaniphi wehlathi. Idatha sethulwa kusayithi ngo-1847, 1855, 1864 kanye 1891. Futhi ulwazi yayo imvelaphi Unga cinga leli ibhuku lamakheli nekhalenda.