Isici esiyinhloko sokuthandana. Izimpawu Zokuthandana Kwezincwadi

Umuntu ongenalwazi ezincwadini, ekhuluma ngalesi sikhathi, unciphisa ukubaluleka kwalo ekuthandeni okunjalo okujwayelekile, okuyinto okumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi ayiphutha ngokuyisisekelo. Ngokufanayo, ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-aesthetics yalesi sikhathi sokunciphisa kuncishiswa ekukhulekeleni uthando. Eqinisweni, noma yikuphi umsebenzi wezincwadi, ukudweba noma i-cinema ngokuyisisekelo unomzwelo omuhle wokukhanya ekubonisweni kwayo, kepha lokhu akusona uphawu oluyisisekelo kuphela.

Lesi sihloko sizozama ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ze-aesthetics ye-Romanticism. Ngenxa yalokhu, ake sibheke ememori yomlando kanye namasiko wesintu, ifa layo emkhakheni wezobuciko.

Isikhathi

Ngaphambi kokuba unqume izici eziyinhloko zokuthandana, kufanele uqonde uma bekuyisiqondiso esiyinhloko kwezobuciko. Isici se-aesthetics salesi sikhathi sanyuka ngenxa yokusabela eklasini yobuciko eqondile. Uma sikhuluma ngezikhathi ezimele, isitayela sokuthandana sasuka futhi saqala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18. Njengezinye izikhombisi-ndlela, ukwakheka esikucabangelayo kwakha eYurophu, okuyiJalimane, lapho isakazeka khona eNgilandi, eFrance, e-Italy futhi ekupheleni kweMelika. Ngemuva kokuqalwa kwe-romanticism ekugcineni, isiqondiso sasakazeka emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukusabela kwemibhikisho ngokumelene nokujwayelekile

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abameleli be-Romanticism babhala imisebenzi yabo yokungavumelani ne-aesthetics ye-classicism, okuyinto ubuciko obonakala ngayo ngaleso sikhathi.

Iphuzu liwukuthi yonke inkathi yangaphambilini (kusukela endaweni yokubukwa komqondo) emhlabeni wonke kwakukhona ukuthambekela okungafani kokuqondisa isimo, inothi kumodeli. Ngokuphathelene nesistimu yohlobo, amathoni aqinile kakhulu asebenzayo, futhi okuqukethwe kwemisebenzi kwakunqunywa kuphela ngenkinga yokukhetha phakathi kwenhliziyo nesikweletu. Lolu hlobo lwentuthuko lucishe lube namandla ekubambeni kokubili kanye nezinkinga. Ukwengeza, umphakathi walesi sikhathi wenza ukuqhuma okuphawulekayo, okwakudinga izinguquko zomhlaba wonke ohlelweni lobuhle futhi lwakha izici ezihlukile zobuRoma.

Ubuntu ngokungazelelwe buqaphele ukwehluleka kwayo, ukungavikeleki ngaphambi kwendawo yonke futhi ngokushesha kwenzakala kulokhu kutholakala ngezinto ezintsha ezintsha, ubuciko bokuguquguquka. Isici esiyinhloko sokuthandana yilokho okuphikisanayo ngendlela yokuphila, evamile nokunciphisa okuphelele ubuntu bomlobi, imbongi, umculi noma umqambi.

Isimo sokubhala

Uma ku-Renaissance umlobi abekwa esiteji futhi ephakanyiswe esimweni somdali, khona-ke ukufunda kwe-classic akuzange kuqaphele lokhu. Amazwi aqhutshelwa ngonya ngesizinda futhi azinikezela emisebenzini emangalisayo futhi emangalisayo. Isici esiyinhloko sokuthandana kuwukuthi le nkathi ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi umbhali ngamunye. Izincwadi zibuyisa isosha, umculo - umuzwa, ukuveza, nokudweba - amadokhumenti, imizwa, inzwa ethile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihloko semisebenzi yobuciko sishintshile kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kufanele kushiwo kancane kancane.

Isisekelo sefilosofi

Njenganoma yikuphi okwenzeka kumasiko wezwe, i-Romanticism incike emibonweni ethile efilosofi. EJalimane, kusukela lapho isiqondiso sisakazwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, imisebenzi kaGottlieb Fichte no- Immanuel Kant basebenza njengesisekelo esinjalo . Ekhanda izimfundiso eziyisisekelo zalesi sikhathi kwakuyinkinga yemisebenzi yokudala yengqondo. Naphezu kokuthi imisebenzi engenhla yakha isisekelo se-aesthetics, babelokhu bephikisana, ngenxa yokuthi ubuciko bobuhlobo buvule amathuba amaningi.

Izikhundla zangaphambili zombono kaBenedict Spinoza, uJohn Locke noRene Descartes basheshe bawela emuva futhi bahlaselwa kabi. Ukuhlelwa kwemicabango nokuqamba kwamuntu njengomuntu ongenamqondo kuye kwaba yamukelekile ekuqondeni okuthuthukayo futhi kuye kwaba nokucula komuntu onomusa.

Isiqondiso esinjalo esiphumelelayo saseJalimane uColeridge saphawula, ngenxa yokuthi isitayela se-Romanticism sangena eNgilandi sathuthela eFrance.

Ukubonakaliswa kwezici zobunjwabubuciko

Yiqiniso, izinguquko ekukhulelweni kwefilosofi azikwazi ukuholela ekushintsheni emsebenzini ngokwawo. Imisebenzi yobuciko yaqala ukuthola umlingiswa omusha ngokuphelele: izinhlobo ezintsha zafika endaweni yesehlakalo, futhi izibalo ezintsha ze-stylistic zaqala ukukhetha.

Isici esiyinhloko sokuthandana komdwebo kwaqala ukuzibonakalisa ngesimo soshintsho esihlokweni somsebenzi. Abaculi baqala ukuheha isihloko se-mysterious, engaziwa, esifihliwe ngemuva komkhathi. Izivunguvungu zasebusuku zaqala ukuvela kaningi emigodini. Isisusa somgwaqo, uhambo lwaba yinto engabonakali yokudweba ngothando. Uhlelo lokuqala lwezingcingo zalesi sikhathi, njengomthetho, lukhokhise kancane kuneyesibili, oluholela ekungenakulinganiselwe.

Umculo we-Romanticism waphinde wabonakala, izinyembezi zomzwelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho - ukwakheka kwemisebenzi sekuye kwacaca kakhulu, futhi imingcele yohlobo ingu-ghostly.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zobuciko zenzeke ukulahla ukuhlukana okuqinile zibe izinhlobo eziphakeme, eziphakathi nendawo eziphansi, ezitholwa kakhulu ngesikhathi se-classicism.

Izincwadi Zothando

Ekhuluma ngalesi siqondiso kwezobuciko, ukunakekelwa okukhulu kufanele kukhokhwe, mhlawumbe, ezincwadini, ngoba kuwukuthi ubuciko bendabuko bokuthandana buzibonakalisa ngokugcwele nangokwehlukile.

Kuye kwashiwo ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ukuthambekela lokhu kubonakala ngesifiso esithile sokungafihli, ukuzitholela ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele, ukufuna inkululeko emihlanganweni yesigodi kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Uma ubheka odumile kunazo zonke, ungasho imisebenzi ye-canonical, yombhalo, lesi sici singatholakala kalula.

Ukuzama ukusola

Izimpawu zokuthandana ezincwadini ziboniswa ngezici eziningana. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuphikiswa okuqhubekayo kwabadali beqiniso, amahhala, amazinga aphezulu kanye nalabo okuthiwa ama-philistines.

Ubuciko bale nkathi budumisa ubuciko, bubeka ngaphezu kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Yilokho okuqamba iqhawe lokudala lemisebenzi yenkathi yamaRoma. Kuhlala njalo umuntu ophikisana nalo lonke izwe, ehlukile kuye, ezama ukuphunyuka emigqumeni yezintambo zokuphila kwansuku zonke ezimpunga nokulinganiselwe.

Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamazwe amabili

Isici esiyinhloko sokuthandana kwezincwadi futhi sinqunywa ukuba khona kwesici esiyimfanelo esiyimfuneko, esingaqondakali, indiza yesibili yeqiniso. Uma kuboniswe igama elithi philological terminology, le ngxenye ye-aesthetics ingabizwa ngokuthi i-dvoemirieem. Iqhawe lomlingani lihlale libhekwa ngabanye bokuphunyuka. Ubuciko bemihla ngemihla bukhona emakhasini wemisebenzi yombhalo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlala empini engapheli komunye nomunye.

Indawo nesikhathi esingaziwa

Izimpawu zokuthandana ezincwadini nazo zivela kumbala okuthiwa wendawo. Abalobi bale nkathi baphendukela kakhulu enkundleni yamasiko, ukutadisha umlando, isiko, okwakuboniswa ekudaleni kwemibhalo. Amadolobha, izitaladi, inkathi zihlale zibala, zingenakwenzeka ezincwadini zalesi sikhathi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abalobi bavame ukusebenzisa ukuchaza izenzakalo zesikhathi esedlule, kunokuba kube manje. Cishe njalo emisebenzini kunesikhathi esithile sokuhamba phakathi kokubhalwa komsebenzi nezenzakalo kulo. Ngisho nemigqa elandelwayo yamabhayisikobho ngokuvamile ivame ukubhekana nokuyiqiniso kwangempela, ungene kuwo.

Indlela lokhu kubonakala ngayo ezincwadini zesiRussia

Yiqiniso, ubuhle be-romantic aesthetics abukwazanga ukudlula izincwadi ezamukelekayo zesiRashiya. Abalobi kanye nezimbongi base bethatha umlando waseYurophu futhi bavumelaniswe nakho. Uma ubheka ngokucophelela ezincwadini zaseRussia ezazikhona ngalesi sikhathi, ungabona ukuthi izici eziyinhloko zeRussia Romanticism zaboniswa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekuvivinya imilingo, eyengqondo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nedemoni. Uma emisebenzini yabalobi baseYurophu lo mzuzwana wawuvele nje njengenye yezingxenye, ezincwadini zaseRashiya kwaba yinto ephelele kakhulu.

Ngokungafani nezincwadi zesiNgisi noma zesiJalimane, isiRashiya, nakuba sasizibandakanya izici zokuthandana, sasiqaphela kakhulu imisebenzi emihle: ama-ballads, izinkondlo, izinkondlo, kunamanoveli kanye nefomu elifushane. Izinkondlo ziye zaba uhlobo olucacile lokudala ngalesi sikhathi.

Izici zeRussia Romanticism ngezindlela eziningi zihlangana ne-European, kodwa, futhi zihluke kakhulu kulo, okubangelwa isimo sangokomlando sale nkathi yesikhathi.

Abamele ezincwadini

Yiqiniso, kufanele siqale ngamaRomantic aseJalimane, ngoba anikeze leli zwe isiqondiso sombhalo. Yiqiniso, okokuqala, laba abazalwane uSchlegel noNovalis, abaqala ukuzwakalisa abameli bezobuciko obusha. Isici esiyinhloko sokuthandana - isifiso sokubalekela empeleni - sibonakaliswe emisebenzini yabo kusenesikhathi futhi sinamandla kakhulu. Yiqiniso, uHeinrich Heine noJohn Wolfgang Goethe bangabammeli abakhulu balesi siqondiso.

ENgilandi, abameleli abakhulu bokuthandana nguGeorge Gordon Byron, uWilliam Blake noRobert Burns. Phakathi kwabalobi baseFrance balesi siqondiso ngeke bakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi nguVictor Hugo, Chateaubriand, Adelbert Musset.

Abameleli baseRashiya bokuthandana, okokuqala, uZhukovsky, uBatiushkov, Odoevtsev. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwama-aesthetics, ezinye zePushkin zisebenza kahle (uRussian noLyudmila bacatshangwa abacwaningi abaningi ukuba babe umsebenzi wokuthanda kuphela).

Esinye sezibonelo ze-canonicical izinkondlo zothando kukhona inkondlo kaLermontov "Sail".