Gilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich: biography, imisebenzi kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

UGilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich ungumbongi, umbhali, intatheli. Indoda eyaba yinganekwane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Izenzakalo ezivela kumlando wobuntu obungavamile zibonakala emisebenzini edumile. U-Gilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich ucatshangwa kahle ngendlela ejwayelekile yohlu lomculo.

Biography

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lo mbhali wayengubani, umuntu kufanele afunde izincwadi zakhe. Ukuphila, okugcwele izinto ezimangalisayo, imicimbi kanye nokubona, wachaza emisebenzini ethi "Ukuhamba kwami", "eMoscow naseMuscovites". UGilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich, ngaphambi kokuzinikezela enkulumeni, wayehamba emadolobheni amaningi, wakwazi ukusebenza njenge-harpooner, isisebenzi, umelusi, isosha, ngisho nomdlali. Lesi sihloko siqukethe amaqiniso athakazelisayo avela ku-biography kaGilyarovsky, ayitshela ngemisebenzi yakhe. Kodwa okokuqala udinga ukubiza izinsuku eziyinhloko zokuphila.

UGilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich wazalwa ngo-1855 esifundazweni saseVologda. Waqala ukubhala izinkondlo ezivela ezikoleni zasesikoleni esiphakeme. Eminyakeni eyishumi nesithupha wabalekela endlini, wahamba esuka eKostroma waya eRybinsk. UGilyarovsky wakhonza eCaucasus phakathi neMpi YaseRussia-Turkish. Ngashintsha imisebenzi eminingi. Wafika eMoscow ngo-1881, lapho aqala khona ukubhala izincwadi.

Ngo-1935, ngemva kokudlula indlela ende, evamile, engavamile, uVladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky wadlula. Amabhuku alo mbhali:

1. "Abantu besikhukhula."
2. "Ezweni lakwaGogol."
3. "Ukuhamba kwami."
4. "UMoscow namaMuscovites."
5. "Abangane kanye nemihlangano."

U-Gilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich, oboniswa yi-proseir proemoir prose, ungumlobi ogama lakhe eMoscow, eVologda naseTambov. Umlobi nomlobi we-Novodevichye Emathuneni bangcwatshwa.

Uncle uGilyai

Ngakho umlobi wabiza abangane nabalingani bakhe. UGilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich wayenamandla angenamandla nokuzikhandla okungavamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayeyindoda enomusa kakhulu, enenhlalakahle. Iminyango yendlu yakhe yayihlale ivulekile. Ekuvakasheni kuyo zahazhivali Chekhov, Tolstoy, Kuprin kanye nezinye izibalo eziningi. UGilyarovsky wayebukeka obuhle kakhulu. Kuye wabhala enye yeCossacks Repin futhi yaveza isithombe sikaTaras Bulba Andreev.

Namhlanje u-Gilyarovsky owaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezincwadi ezinikezwe ukuphila eMoscow "ngezansi". Izakhamuzi zaseKhitrovka nezinye izifunda ezingathembeki zazithanda kakhulu umuntu onamandla amakhulu futhi onomusa. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kwakungekho uMuscovite owayengezwanga ngoMalume uGilya. Okumangalisa ukuthi le ndoda yayiyisimenywa esamukelekile kokubili emaphakathini amenywe, nasemakhenkheni amathebula ematabernakele aseTishinka. "INkosi Yezintatheli" isisimweni esiphezulu senhloko-dolobha. Omunye wabalobi wake wathi: "Kulula ukucabanga eMoscow ngaphandle kwe-Tsar-bell ngaphandle kukaGilyarovsky.

Ubuntwana

Kusukela enkulumweni yeminyaka yokuqala yomlobi uqala incwadi ethi "My Wanderings". UGilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich wayeyindodana yomsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo. Umnyathelisi ozayo uzolahlekelwa ngumama wakhe. Umama wesifazane wathandana noVladimir, njengendodana. Futhi ngonyaka wokuqala waqala ukufundisa ingane yakhe olimini lwesiFulentshi futhi amfundise imikhuba yezwe. Nakuba uVladimir ayekuthanda ukufunda, uVladimir wakhetha i-esksi, ukudoba nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezenzekayo. Izikhathi eziningana umfundi wesikole ongenakekile washiywa ngonyaka wesibili. Omncane kakhulu, uGilyarovsky futhi waphunyuka ngokuphelele endlini.

Burlak

Futhi lo mfana uGilyarovsky waya "kubantu." Ngokuqinisekile wayefuna ukujoyina abashayeli bamabhasi. Izinkondlo zikaNekrasov zaqinisa isifiso esinjalo esingavamile. Ngalezo zinsuku, eRussia, izinkulungwane zabantu zagwinya ikholera. Kungenxa yesifo esiwumkhuhlane uGilyarovsky akwazi ukuba yi-burlac. Esikhathini samaphoyisa, wathathwa waya endaweni yomsebenzi oshonile.

Encwadini ethi "Ukuhamba kwami" uGilyarovsky uchaza impilo ye-burlaks, isiphetho sabantu abahlangana naye endleleni. Ummemezeli wayeziqaphele ngokukhethekile abantu abanomsindo okhukhumezayo kanye nalokho okuthiwa umphefumulo omkhulu waseRussia. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Wanderings Wami, utshela ngomthengisi owayedumile ngaleso sikhathi, owathi ngemva kokuphuza utshwala, waxosha umphathi wesikhumba sakhe futhi waqala ukuziphendulela, ezama ukuzitholela yonke imoto, eyayihambe nengxenye yehora ngaphambili. Kwakungenakwenzeka njalo kuye. Kodwa umjaho oshaya ngokuqinisekile wawusabisa abagibeli.

Mayelana nalendoda uGilyarovsky wezwa okokuqala ngesikhathi ebuyela ekhaya. Eminyakeni eyalandela, encwadini ethi "eMoscow naseMuscovites", akazange anqabe ukunakekelwa kwezincwadi zabathengisi bezimali ezinkulu nabammeli bezinye izisebenzi.

E-Caucasus

Ngo-1877, uGilyarovsky waya njengesivolontiya eCaucasus. Umlobi walwa ngamandla. Wamukela iSt. George Cross - umklomelo ongavamile futhi ohloniphekile. Cishe ngeminyaka yemisebenzi yezempi, wabe esekhumbula ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuziqhenya. Nakuba, njengoba kwaphakade abantu bathi, isiphambano sikaSt. George ngesikhathi sokuthula sasinesidingo esingavamile kakhulu.

I-journalism

Ngemva kokufudumala, uGilyarovsky wasuka eMoscow, lapho maduzane waziwa ngokuthi umbhali wamanothi e-topical. Phakathi nokuhamba kwakhe, wayehlala ewenza imidwebo emincane, kamuva eyaba imisebenzi ephelele yokubhala. Iminyaka embalwa nje eyathatha uGilyarovsky ukuba abe umgqugquzeli wokuziphatha kwabahlali bendawo. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kwanda ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokubhala. Ngo-1887 iqoqo elithi "Abantu beSlum" lishicilelwe.

Izinkondlo

UGilyarovsky akaziwa kancane ngokuthi umbhali wezinkondlo. Izinkondlo zakhe ziphansi kakhulu ku-prose. Kodwa ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, usakhipha amakhokheji amaningana, imali eyadluliselwa esikhwameni sokusekela amasosha abalimele.

Phakathi kwabahlobo bakaVladimir Gilyarovsky kwakukhona abaculi abaningi, kokubili abanolwazi nabaqalayo. Wazithenga ngokuzithandela ukudweba kwabadwebi abangaziwa, wabhala amanothi ngabo. Ngakho-ke, uGilarovsky wasekela amakhosi abasha hhayi kuphela ngokwezimali, kodwa futhi ngokuziphatha. Ngemva kokuthenga umdwebo, waziqhenya ngokuthola abantu ababaziyo, eqinisekisa ukuthi umbhali wayezokwazi ukudumisa. Njengomthetho, uGilyarovsky wayengephutha.

Incwadi yokugcina

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, lo mbhalo wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala. Izincwadi zakhe azizange zibeke emashalofini. Umsebenzi wokugcina - "Abangane Nezinhlangano" - UGilyarovsky wabhala ngonyaka odlule wokuphila kwakhe. Ngesikhathi esasicishe abe yimpumputhe.

Izincwadi zikaVladimir Gilyarovsky zisaziwa namuhla. "I-Moscow ne-Muscovites" ngumsebenzi wonke umuntu onentshisekelo kuMasiko waseRussia naseMoscow ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye okufanele afunde.