Izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zokukhulisa izingane. Isilinganiso sezincwadi ekukhuliseni ingane

Imfundo - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, yokudala futhi ehambisanayo. Noma yimuphi umzali ufuna ukuhlakulela ubuntu obusungulwe ngokugcwele, ukunikeza ulwazi lokuphila kwengane nolwazi, ukuthola ulimi oluvamile naye.

Yiziphi izincwadi zokukhulisa izingane?

Njengomthetho, ukukhulisa ingane, senza intuitively, ngokusekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kusadingeka ukuba uthintane nomchwepheshe wezengqondo, ukuze kuvikelwe amaphutha kule ndaba enzima. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izincwadi zokukhulisa izingane zingabasizi abangenakuphulukiswa. Baqoqa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu abaningi, banikezwa izeluleko zabafundisi bezengcweti kanye nezengqondo.

Ungakhetha kanjani isabelo esifanele?

Namuhla, amashalofu ezitolo zezinto zokuthengisa zigcwele izindlu zengqondo, futhi izincwadi ezithandwayo zokukhulisa izingane zingatholakala noma kuphi. Ukunquma ukuthenga isabelo esihle kakhulu, awunaki izembozo ezimibalabala nezikhalo ezithembisayo, bheka ngokuyinhloko okuqukethwe. Imikhakha yombili iyonke futhi inikezelwe inkinga ethile, isibonelo, kunezincwadi ezifundiswa ngezocansi zezingane, ezinkingeni zokuxhumana nabangane, ekuthuthukiseni ukudala. Ikakhulukazi kuwe, senze uhlu lwezincwadi eziyisikhombisa ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi eziwusizo ekukhuliseni abantwana, abasebewunqobile igunya labafundi futhi bafakazela ukusebenza kwabo.

UJulia Borisovna Gippenreiter - "Khulumisana nengane." Kanjani? "

Umbhali walencwadi uyiprofesa wokusebenza kwengqondo, usebenza eMoscow State University, lo isazi sengqondo esingokomthetho kakhulu. Ukulinganisa kwezincwadi ekukhuliseni izingane kubandakanya le ncwajana. Isikhathi sokuqala sanyatheliswa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-15 eyedlule, kodwa asilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwaso kuze kube manje futhi kuhlale kunesidingo esikhulu. Ngo-2008 kwakukhona ukuqhubeka kwencwadi ngokukhulisa izingane ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Siqhubeka nokuxhumana nengane." Ngakho? ". Zombili izingxenye zithakazelisayo futhi zifundisa.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokufa kwezingane ezintandane, eziqhutshwa emva kweMpi Yezwe I eYurophu naseMelika, ezingenakuchazwa kuphela ngezizathu zezokwelapha, kwaholela ekuphethweni ukuthi ziwumphumela wesidingo esingenakulinganiswa sokunakwa, ukunakekelwa kwabadala. Ukubaluleka kokunakekela isizukulwane esincane akufanele nanini kucatshangelwe.

U-Julia Borisovna okokuqala waqaphela ukuthi yiziphi amagama abazali abazisebenzisa lapho bekhuluma nezingane, nokuthi lokhu kuthinta kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwabo. Akuhlose ukusola abantu abadala, kodwa umane usho ukuthi imishwana esiyifunayo ibonakala kanjani kubafana nabantombazane abancane. Futhi, njengoba kuyaziwa, ziyathinteka kakhulu. "Ungabi umhlengikazi," "Bheka ukuthi ubukeka kanjani!", "Ngokushesha ukuze uthole izifundo," "Uzocabanga, inkinga!" - lena yimishwana evamile. Bathi kubo, asizicabangi ngisho ukuthi bahlazisa izingane zethu, zisenza sizizwe singadingekile, singaphansi, futhi singabaza amakhono ethu.

I-Gippenreiter inikeza indlela yokuphuma - ukufunda indlela yokulandela inkulumo yakhe, ukufaka esikhundleni "amagama amabi" nge "okuhle", futhi ikhombisa ngezibonelo ukuthi ungayenza kanjani. Le ncwadi izokusiza ukuba ufundise kahle ingane, imfundise ukuveza imizwelo nemizwa yakho, futhi wena-khuluma ngemizwa yakho ukuze ingalimazi ingane.

Ross Campbell - "Indlela yokuthanda izingane ngempela"

Siyaqhubeka nokuchaza izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ekukhuliseni izingane futhi sikuthumele kumlobi olandelayo. URoss Campbell ungudokotela, MD, owasebenza e-Psychological Clinical Center eTennessee futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ubaba wezingane ezine. Ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, wazinikela ekwenzeni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ekufundeni kwengqondo, nokufundisa. Umnikazi we-Golden Medallion Prize yombhalo onemfundo yabaselula uye wadala umsebenzi ojwayelekile ezinganeni, okuhlala njalo kufakwe ezincwadini eziphezulu emfundweni yezingane.

"Ukuthanda izingane ngempela" kuyincwadi ehlolwe isikhathi, okokuqala ihunyushwa ngesiRussia ngo-1992. Sigxile othandweni, okwazi, njengoba wazi, ukwenza izimangaliso. Isisekelo sobuhlobo obuhle nengane yothando oluqotho, olungenamthetho ngaphandle kokungenakwenzeka ukufeza ukuthembela nokuqonda okuphelele, ukuxazulula izinkinga zomzwelo nokufundisa ingane ukuba ilalele futhi ihloniphe abazali.

Ingane yakho ibalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uyathandwa ngokungenasisekelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ingane ihoxiswa, ingavikeleki, ixhala. Leli bhukwana linikeza iseluleko esiwusizo sendlela yokubonisa imizwa yakho, ikakhulu ngokuxhumana nomzimba, ukunakekelwa nokuqondiswa.

UMaria Montessori - "Ngisize ngikwenze lokhu"

Incwadi yesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yase-Italy uMaria Montessori inikeza izindlela eziyingqayizivele zokukhuliswa kwezingane, ezithandwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, laba ososayensi badala uhlelo olukhethekile lokufundisa, abalandeli balo olusungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 izinkulungwane zezikole emhlabeni jikelele. Inhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ifunyenwe indlela yakhe, ibonise ukuthi iyedwa. UMaria Montessori ungummeli wemibono yemfundo yamahhala, okwamanje okufundisa okwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-19 nelama-20. E-America naseYurophu. Umqondo oyinhloko wencwadi owethulwa kuwe ukuthi ingane kufanele inikelwe inkululeko yokuthatha isenzo nokuziveza, ngakho-ke akuyona into engathandeki kubantu abadala ukuba baphazamise izifundo zabo nemidlalo.

Umbhali usikisela ukuthi siyabona ingane lapho eqhuba umsebenzi othile. Umsebenzi wabazali ukuhlela ukuzithokozisa kwengane, ukumnikeza amathuba amaningi emisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngangokunokwenzeka. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenzisa le ndlela kwakumangalisa kakhulu. Izingane azizange zithuthukiswe ngokwengqondo kuphela, kodwa futhi ziqondiswa kakhulu, zilalele, zihlelekile. Ngaphezu komsebenzi womlobi ngokwakhe, le ncwadi iqukethe izihloko zabalandeli bakhe nabafundi, enikeza izincomo nezeluleko ezisebenzayo ngemfundo.

Ed Le Chan - "Uma ingane yakho ikushayela ucansi"

U-Ed Le Chan, isazi sezengqondo saseMelika, uyingxenye yokufundela. Uthola emisebenzini yakhe izimbangela zokuziphatha okubi kwezingane, ukuhlaziya izimo ezijwayele, ezijwayelekile, futhi ngesisekelo sohlangothini lwakhe unikeze iseluleko nezincomo ezisebenzayo. Incwadi ka-Eda Le Shan inikeza abazali ithuba lokubheka ubudlelwane bomndeni ngokombono wengane, futhi iveza ukuchofoza ekuziphatheni kwabantu abadala, abafisa ukuguqula ingane yabo ilungu lomphakathi elifundisayo, bahlukane nabo futhi baphule izifiso zabo. Le ncwadi ibonisa ukuthi ukwesaba kwabazali kungathinta kanjani ukuziphatha kwezingane, kunikezwe iseluleko ekuqedeni imiphumela emibi.

UJean Ledloff - "Indlela yokukhulisa ingane ejabule"

UJean Ledloff ungumhlengikazi waseMelika, usosayensi othakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngemva kokuzinikela ekuhloleni ubuhlobo phakathi kwabazali nezingane, waya eNingizimu Melika wahlala khona iminyaka emibili nengxenye ezizweni zamaNdiya zendawo. Okuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwe ekusebenzeni kubonise ukuthi uma sixhumana nezingane ngendlela okhokho bethu abazenza ngayo esikhathini esidlule, futhi futhi bethemba ukufundiswa kwabo, singabakhulisa bajabule futhi balalele.

Le ncwadi iyathakazelisa kakhulu, futhi amaqiniso achazwe kuyo ngezinye izikhathi ashaya umcabango. UJean Ledloff ukholelwa ukuthi imvelo ngokwawo isinike amandla okufundisa izingane, kodwa esikhathini sethu, abazali bazama ukuzikhulula umthwalo wemfanelo, beshiya izingane zabo zilahlwe othisha, othisha, odokotela. Kubalulekile ukulalela intuition, futhi sizoqonda ukuthi yini ngempela izingane zethu zidinga ukuze ujabule.

UDonald Woods Winnicott - "Ukukhuluma nabazali"

Uhlu lwe "Amabhuku Aphezulu Ekukhuliseni Izingane" lwaluzophela ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngale ncwadi. Inikezelwe ezinganeni kanye nokukhulumisana okuhle nabo. Umbhali wencwadi ngu-psychoanalyst waseBrithani onomlando omude, futhi uye wathandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhunyushwa kwaleli bhukwana ngesiRashiya kwakunjalo ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi, kodwa akukho lutho olutholakali ku-psychoanalysis ngalesi sikhathi, nezincwadi zanamuhla kwi-psychology yokukhulisa izingane, empeleni, azinikezi imibono emisha, ngakho-ke i-classic ihlala ihambisana.

Umbhali akahlaziyi nje imicabango kanye nezisusa zokuziphatha kwezinsana, kodwa futhi uchaza isimo sengqondo sabomama ezinyangeni zokuqala ngemuva kokubeletha. Ngalesi sikhathi ingane ingakakwazi ukuxhumana, ayikwazi ukufundiswa, ngakho nje ulale nomntwana ekutholeni futhi uzama ukuqonda ukuthi uyini.

Madeleine Denis - "Ukwenza izingane zethu zijabule"

Ngaphansi kwegama likaMadeleine Denis, ososayensi abaningana baseFrance bafihla, basebenzisana ndawonye ukudala imiqulu emihlanu yengqondo, ebumbene isihloko esithi "Yenza izingane zethu zijabule." Abalobi bezincwadi emfundweni yezingane bahlanganyela nakho okubaluleke kakhulu. Emgqeni ngamunye kukhona ukuphawula kochwepheshe abahlukahlukene: izazi zengqondo, odokotela bezingane, izidakamizwa, njll, futhi zihloswe ngezigaba ezahlukene zeminyaka: kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 ukuya kweyisithupha, kusukela eminyakeni engu-6 ukuya kweyishumi, kusukela ku-11 kuya ku-16. Izigaba, kanye nezinye ezimbili "Iphupho Lengane Yakho ..." ne "Whims and Hysteria ..." zifanelekile imfundo yabantwana beminyaka yonke. Lezi zinzuzo zingaphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo yakho: lapho ingane ingabuka i-TV noma ithenge isiqalo, indlela yokuyibeka kahle ukuze ilale ukuze ilale ngokushesha futhi ilale ngokuzwakalayo. Ngakho-ke, ezincwadini, indlela ehlelekile yokukhulisa inikezwa, futhi yona ngokwayo ibonakala njengesifundo, okumele sifundwe ngabazali ngalesi sikhathi.

Ezinye izincwadi

Esikhathini sethu, ungathola ezinye izincwadi eziningi emfundweni yezingane, kanye namafilimu ahlukahlukene, izinkulumo, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nezinkulumo zemfundo kule ndaba. Eziningi zazo zihlanganisa izihloko ezithile. Isibonelo, uma unabantwana ababili futhi ufuna ukusungula ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo, incwadi ethi "Abafowethu nodadewabo: Indlela Yokusiza Izingane Zakho Ziphile Ndawonye" zizosizwa abalobi u-Adel Faber no-Elaine Mazlisch. Uma ukhulisa indodana, ungafunda incwadi kaNigel Latt ethi "Sonology: AmamaKhulisa Abantwana". Ichaza izici zemfundo yabafana, i-psychology yabo.