Inkosi yasePheresiya uXerxes kanye legend zempi Thermopylae

Inkosi yasePheresiya uXerxes I ingenye izinhlamvu edume kakhulu emlandweni wesintu lasendulo. Empeleni, lena umbusi wahola amabutho akhe waya eGreece engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu V. It nguye owalwa ne hoplites Athene empini Marathon kanye iSparta ku kabanzi kakhulu ukunyusele namuhla ezincwadini ethandwa futhi ifilimi Battle of Thermopylae.

Ukuqala Izimpi yamaGreki Persian

YasePheresiya ekuqaleni BC V leminyaka, kwaba umbuso abasha kodwa nolaka futhi enamandla kakade, kwadingeka isikhathi ukunqoba ziningana izizwe empumalanga. Phakathi kwezinye izindawo, umPheresiya uDariyu inkosi baphinde bashaqa amanye ngesiGreki amakoloni-izinqubomgomo e -Asia Minor (iTurkey yesimanje). Ngesikhathi kubusa Persian phakathi kwabantu yesiGreki kombusi Persian - okubizwa ngokuthi zokuphatha amayunithi indawo yombuso Persian - evame ukubuzwa kuvukela, ukubhikisha emyalweni entsha abahlaseli empumalanga. Lokho ziyolekelela Athens lezi amakoloni kwesinye salezi yokuvukela okwaholela ekuqaleni ukungqubuzana yamaGreki WasePheresiya.

Impi yase-marathon

Impi yokuqala bamisa we Persian namabutho ngesiGreki kokufika (abase-Athene nabezinye Plataeans) kwaba impi Marathon kwenzeka ngo-490 BC. Ngenxa yethalente jikelele ngesiGreki Miltiades, ngubani ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenzisa hoplites esikalini, nemikhonto yabo eside, futhi ezitshekile sezwe (amaGreki sicindezelwe namaPheresiya kusukela emthambekeni phansi), abase-Athene iwine, ephumula ayehlasela lokuqala namaPheresiya ezweni labo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le mpi ixhunyaniswe ezemidlalo isiyalo "elide 'yesimanje, okuyinto ibanga 42 km. Kuyinto isithunywa kangaka Antique wasukela isikhala impi e-Athene ukumemezela ukunqoba Bakwethu bese uphonsa efile. Ukulungiswa ehlasela mass kuvimbe ukufa kaDariyu. Enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi senkosi entsha yasePheresiya uXerxes I, baqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise.

Battle of Thermopylae kanye iSparta ezingamakhulu amathathu

Ukuhlaselwa kwesibili kwaqala ngo-480 BC. UXerxes wahola ibutho elikhulu ayizinkulungwane 200. Abantu (ngokusho kombiko we-mlando zanamuhla). Ngokushesha okukhulu, benqotshwa eMakedoniya nase yaseThrace, bese ukuhlasela kwebutho elivela enyakatho e Boeotia, Attica futhi yePeloponnese. Ngisho umfelandawonye amabutho muzi waseGrisi akakwazanga ukumelana amabutho eziningi kangaka, babuthana bevela ezizweni eziningi eMbusweni WasePheresiya. ithemba Faint amaGreki kwaba ithuba empini ube umngcingo lapho ibutho WasePheresiya isendleleni eningizimu - Thermopylae Gorge. isitha wenombolo inzuzo lapha kungaba hhayi kangangokuba kwesokunxele luthemba ukunqoba. Inganekwane ethile ithi inkosi yasePheresiya uXerxes kwakucishe kancane lapha amaqhawe ezingamakhulu amathathu Spartan - ihaba. Eqinisweni, kule mpi iqhaza kusuka 5 kuya kwezingu-7. Amasosha ngesiGreki kusukela kuzinqubomgomo ezahlukene, Spartan hhayi kuphela. Futhi ububanzi ensungubezini ukuthi inombolo ibikade angaphezu kokwanele ngempumelelo angenze isitha izinsuku ezimbili. ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu ngesiGreki isiyalo ncamashi ubambe line, ephumula ngempela izindimbane namaPheresiya. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi eyayingase iqedwe impi, kodwa amaGreki abangu wakhashelwa omunye izakhamuzi wendawo - Ephialtes. Umuntu owabonakala namaPheresiya workaround. Lapho iNkosi Leonidas efundile komuntu oshade naye, yathuma amabutho nezinqubomgomo baphinde bawahlanganise amabutho abo, wahlala bahlale bezama ukuzivikela futhi uyephuza namaPheresiya nge ibutho elincane. Manje ababenakho ayilahlekelwa kakhulu - imiphefumulo ecishe ibe 500. Nokho, hlangana hhayi mangaliso okwenzekile, cishe zonke abavikeli babulawa ngosuku olufanayo.

Lokho kwaba ke

Battle of Thermopylae wayengazange wagcwalisa umsebenzi ukuthi amadoda ngesiGreki iphinwe kuye, kodwa kwaba isibonelo eliphefumulelwe ubuqhawe yezinye abavikeli wezwe. I Persian inkosi u-Ahashiveroshi mina namanje wakwazi ukunqoba lapha, kodwa kamuva lahluleka kwasani: kolwandle - kamuva ngenyanga eSalamisi, futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo - e Battle of Plataea. izimpi yamaGreki Persian baqhubeka iminyaka amathathu ezayo njengoba eyayizothatha isikhathi eside ephansi umfutho izingxabano lapho inzuzo ngokuya emaceleni nge yamalungu.