Inkambu eKosovo. Battle of Kosovo-June 15, 1389

Ukunqwamana kweKosovo Kuyimpi omkhulu phakathi amabutho angumfelandawonye Serbia nombuso Bosnian ne Sultan Murad mina nebutho Turkish. Kwathi June 15, 1389. Kosovo Polje iseduze ePriština yesimanje. Basuke ahlukaniswe 5 amakhilomitha. Fight alethwe ukulahlekelwa esindayo ngoba zombili.

ezandulela

Sultan Murad mina nge amabutho, ngokuwina at Chernomene (1371) kanye Savr (1385), baqhubeka ukuhlasela kusezweni Serbian. I uMbuso WaseTurkey ungathanda ukuba anqotshwe eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNyakatho ye-Afrika naseNingizimu-Eastern Europe. Futhi baphumelela emva kwesikhashana. Kodwa lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia ufuna ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini kwaba ukuvimbela.

A ethile sina zombuso Serbian kwaba ukuthi yahlukana yaba izinhlangano eziningana ezincane ukuthi ehlale ingavumelani nomunye. Kungokwemvelo kangangokuthi babengakwazi dudula ukuhlaselwa isitha. izikhulu Serbian futhi Albanian, akha umfelandawonye ngaphansi kobuholi Prince Lazar Hrebelyanovicha, nakubabona kwamasosha WaseTurkey.

Kosovo kwaba ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi emazweni Serbian. Kwakuwusuku mgwaqo yemizila ezibalulekile, labavulekela abaseTurkey eziningana imizila ngoba ezihambayo okwengeziwe emazweni Serbian. Lapha kwakukhona impi ebalulekile.

Murad mina kwavula indlela lapha ngokusebenzisa amazwe akhonze ngaphansi kwabo, eMakhedoniya.

amabutho amaqembu

amabutho WaseTurkey olunezinombolo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 27-40. Man. Yayihlanganisa Janissaries (2-5 thous. Pers.), The nabagibeli yemilindankosi Sultan komuntu siqu (2.5 ayizinkulungwane. Pers.), Sipahi (6 ayizinkulungwane. Pers.), Futhi AZAPO Akinci (THS 20.) Futhi Warriors of ngaphansi kwesizwe uthi ( 8 th.).

Prince Lazar Hrebelyanovich wahola ibutho izinkulungwane 12-33. Amasosha.

Prince ngqo subordinated ukuze 12-15 izinkulungwane. Man. Vuk Brankovic wahola ayizinkulungwane 5-10. Abantu. Inani elifanayo amasosha ngaphansi umyalo wohlanga olukhulu Bosnian Vlatko Vukovic. Siza lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia kwadingeka Knights kusukela eHungary nasePoland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baye bophula we Hospitallers - Knights of St John. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Serbian ibutho amayunithi babevela Bosnia (wathumela Tvrtko I), Wallachian, isiBulgaria, isiCroatia kunabaqaphi Albanian.

Iphuzu ababuthakathaka kwaba ukungabikho Serbian Army Central Command. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibutho awuzange abalinganiselayo ngezithako zawo. Infantry kabi wamboza esindayo zempi nalawo agibela amahhashi. Lesi sakamuva bakha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi kwezinhloko zamaviyo.

Lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia azange abe isipiliyoni lempi njengoba ibutho Turkish, okuyinto iminyaka engu-30 lanqoba empini.

impi

Kosovo ensimini - indawo uyakhumbula impi ka-June 15, 1389. Ngalolu suku, ibutho eholwa Prince Lazar Hrebelyanovicha umelana impi, owawungumnyaka kakhulu kunaleyo izinombolo. Izingoma baseSerbia wawuthi impi eyathatha izinsuku ezintathu.

On the ingxenye yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Murad mina wahola amabutho Turkish, Prince Bayazid fuza phatha of lontamo, futhi Prince Yakub - kwesokunxele. Phambi isakhiwo ezinhlangothini babe abacibisheli 100. Janissaries usesikhundleni emaphakathi, kwalandela amasosha abaqaphi yayiyingalo Sultan.

Lazar Prince wayala isikhungo, flank kwesokudla kwaholela Vuk Brankovic, futhi Vlatko Vukovic - kwesokunxele. Yonke phambi ibutho Serbian wathatha abakhwele amahhashi esindayo, ihhashi abacibisheli ayesezibhebheni ezinhlangothini.

Ukwethula inkambo imicimbi eKosovo, ibalazwe ungakwazi ngokucacile ukukhombisa indawo amabutho.

Ngeshwa, ngo-imithombo Serbian futhi Turkish kolwazi mayelana impi eziphikisa ukuze mlando azikwazi kabusha impi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kuqala bagijimela impi lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia, yize ukuphakama kwamanani ka isitha. nesigaxa Cavalry wangena isikhundla Turkish. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yaqala shelling izikhundla abangamaSerbia abacibisheli Turkish. AmaSerbia wafohla flank kwesokunxele ibutho WaseTurkey. Lesi sakamuva balahlekelwa esindayo. Kodwa maphakathi no phezu flank kwesokudla kwakungelona impumelelo enjalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ibutho Serbian ukwaze ukusunduza ezinye abaseTurkey phakathi nendawo. I flank kwesokudla ibutho WaseTurkey iphansi kwesandla sika-Prince Bayezid ngokushesha iyiswe esiphikisayo, kwaphoqa lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia, ukukusingatha yigalelo elinzima lelo njengesosha elihamba phansi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile le-Serbian Defense Corps kwaba eziphukile, ngakho waqala ashona.

Easy abakhwele amahhashi Turkish ngokushesha yashayiswa balwe. Elihamba waqhubeka abangamaSerbia zamahhashi zempi. Kula mabutho lokuqala wakwazi ukugumbuqela.

Ngaphandle izinduna ...

Vuk Brankovic, ukulondoloza amabutho akhe off the Kosovo ensimini. Izenzo zakhe emenza ukutolika ezahlukene. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yaba Vuk ukulondolozwa amasosha akhe. Abanye bayaqiniseka ukuthi zinhlanga ngoba wayesaba ukulahlekelwa yonke impi yakhe. Kodwa abantu bakholelwa ukuthi isikhulu wanika uLazaru, umukhwe wakhe. Vlatko Vukovic kwaholela izinsalela amabutho akhe, kepha uLazaru ehlupheka engenalutho amayunithi.

Prince Lazar elathunjwa futhi wabulawa ngosuku olufanayo.

Serbian Voevoda Milosh Obilic wakwazi ukuhlaba zingene ekamu Turkish ezibiza a defector. Wakwazi ukubulala WaseTurkey Sultan ekuqaleni ukulwa. Murad Milos wagwazwa ngommese, kodwa lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela Sultan akazange nimyeke ahambe.

Bayezid mina manje uphokophele ibutho Turkish. Ngokushesha nje lapho izwa ukuthi kwakwenzekeni, isikhulu wathumela isithunywa ku-umfowabo omdala Jakub. Le ncwadi yathi abantu Sultan Murad waselaya entsha. Lapho befika kule ndawo Yakub ukuba Bayazid, waklinywa. Manje Prince Bayazid uyindlalifa ematheni Murad.

kungekho abawinile

Battle of Kosovo e 1389 ngokusemthethweni kuphela zokunqoba ukubuswa abaseTurkey. Kodwa impi akuyona ithole akekho. Nakuba amaSerbia futhi walahlekelwa Umphikisi inamandla, kodwa babelihlonipha isibindi yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukulahlekelwa omkhulu abaseTurkey. Babekwazi esakwazi ukuqhubeka nokulwa, ngakho ngokushesha wabuyela eMpumalanga, ungakhohlwa Kosovo Field.

Battle okwaholela ekuzalweni sebuningini-legends. Abaningi babo zihlobene yokuthi izinduna zamaviyo babulawa ngaphambi impi isiqedile. Ngakho-ke, akekho kubo alimazanga umphumela impi. Izimo ngokufa kwawo ngokushesha igcwele-legends.

Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinguqulo eziningana indlela Sultan Murad wabulawa. Omunye wabo uthi wabulawa yisosha abangamaSerbia ezingalweni zakhe, azenza umuntu efile. Kodwa encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla Serbian Ungathola ulwazi oluthe xaxa. Le nguqulo esemthethweni wukuthi wabulawa Prince Milos Obilic. Kukhona isiko ehola Order of St George. Lo mphakathi kwadingeka njengoba inhloso yayo ukubulawa Sultan.

Imiphumela impi kweKosovo

Serbia uye wakwazi ukulondoloza uzibuse, kodwa ukulahlekelwa ngemva kwempi lalilikhulu kakhulu. Futhi kwathatha isikhathi eside ukukhulisa ibutho elisha. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ibutho WaseTurkey wabuya futhi walinqoba Serbia - ngo 1459. Bese Ngaqhubeka Vienna cishe ufinyelelwe. Ukujoyina emazweni Serbian ukuba uMbuso WaseTurkey ukuyeka ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki lizwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamasiko amaSerbia ekugcineni waphenduka.

Prince Bayezid, manje ubani oye waba Sultan, yebo, khona umlawuli kakhulu. Ubizwa kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi Bayazid Umbani. Kulokhu, kwezombangazwe zangaphakathi ayihlala akawuthandi uyise. Lo mbusi omusha ukumiswa ezindaweni yanqoba ka nokwenziwa ophoqelelwe. Iziphathimandla zendawo aqala ukulawula izifundazwe.

Ukunqotshwa njengoba ukunqoba

Umlando kweKosovo wabonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa empini kanye nokulahlekelwa amasosha akwazi ukuvusa umoya kazwelonke futhi ngiqaphele abantu. Futhi ngisho nalapho abaseTurkey iminyaka 300 okungewakho emazweni Serbian, lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia babekwazi ukulondoloza ukuvelela kwawo njengesizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakwazi ukugcina-Orthodox, lapho omakhelwane babo abase-Albania ababesibiza cishe ngobuningi Islam.

Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi uma abaseTurkey babe nempumelelo, kwakuyoba lithuthuka ekunqotshweni aseBalkan. Futhi ukufa Sultan Murad nokumelana kungakholakali South lwamaSlav wabanika ithuba ukugcina ubuzwe babo futhi inkolo. Europe akuyona ngaphansi engangingakwenza. Kosovo, Serbia iyonke, zathatha ingxenye enkulu umthelela.

Ukubaluleka impi ngoba lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia bahlulwa, impi 1389 kwakubaluleke kakhulu. ukubaluleka kwalo itholakala ubunye ababusi Serbian ekhona. Eqinisweni, Kosovo ensimini - yindawo lapho umlando isimo eyodwa Serbia waqala. Abacwaningi abaningi baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu impi ingenye engaziwa kakhulu futhi engaqondakali. Kuvame wagomela ngokuthi indzaba leyakhiwe nguletitfombe tinganekwane kokuqagela izikhathi, waqinisekisa imithombo kwekhulu XIV.

mlando Serbian zikholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni abantu kwadingeka eziningi Ukwehlukana Battle of eKosovo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, benza benziwe eyodwa.

Kungani indaba isibe legend?

Kungenzeka ukuthi le nkolelo-ze yadalwa ukuze nomthelela isizukulwane amaSerbia. Le nganekwane kusekelwe indaba yeBhayibheli. Prince Lazar ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa uJesu Kristu.

isisusa sezenkolo futhi uhlala kwilejendi. Isikhathi impi - 3 izinsuku, ukuze sikwazi umfuziselo ne Calvary. Futhi ukufa bacishe bayifunda yonke Serbian ibutho umfel 'ukholo.

Ngakho-ke, cishe zonke izingoma abantu futhi amaqhawe ukucula Warriors njengoba abafel 'ukholo. Inani eliphakeme baseSerbia isibe umqhele nokufel 'ukholo, t. E. Ligcizelela incazelo engokomoya izenzakalo, ngakho lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia nokuzizwa njengaye abawinile. Futhi lo muzwa iphefumulelwe emphilweni isizukulwane esisha.