Obilic Milos: isenzo sobuqhawe seqhawe laseSerbia

Isiqhingi samazwe aseSerbia u-Obilic Milosz sabizwa ngokuba ngumdlali wakhe ngesikhathi sokulwa e-Kosovo Field. Ngenxa yokungabi namaphepha ahlobene nesikhathi sakhe, amaqiniso amaningi e-biography akhe awaziwa.

Ubuntu buka-Obilich

USerb Obilich Milos wazinikela ezempi. Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwakhe alukwazi. Wahlala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-14, ngenkathi izwe lakubo lalihlaselwa uMbuso wase-Ottoman. Lesi simo saba usongo olwandayo kwabakhileyo eBalkans. Okokuqala, uMbuso waseByzantium wawuyisihlangu phakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga . Lapho u-Obilic Milos eba umkhonto (yunak), lesi simiso sase siphelile ithemba. I-Byzantium kwadingeka iwele-kwakuyisikhathi nje kuphela.

Ama-Ottoman, engalindele ukuxoshwa kukaConstantinople, aqala ukunqoba lezi zindawo eziseHweni LaseBalkan. Owokuqala ngo-1366, ukuthembela kwakhe kuSultan kwaqaphela inkosi yaseBulgaria uSishman III. Kwabe sekulandela ukuphenduka kweSerbia. Ngalesi sikhathi u-Obilich Milos wakhonza njengomkhonto ku-Prince Lazar.

Ngo-1387 impi yokuqala eyinhloko yenzeke phakathi kwamaSerbia namaTurkey. Impi yenzeke ebhange lomfula iToplitsy. AmaSlav ayekwazi ukunqoba ibutho lezitha. Kodwa-ke, usongo lokuhlasela kabusha alukahle.

Ukuhlasela kweTurkey

Umlando we-medieval waseSerbia ugcwele izingxabano zomphakathi kanye nempi ye-feudal phakathi komunye nomunye. Bathi (i-Bans) bahlukumezeka kakhulu phakathi kwabo, bephikisana nobukhulu ezweni. Izimpi zangaphakathi zavimbela umbuso ukuba uvuselele amabutho ayo empini eqinile ngokumelene nosongo lwangempela - uMbuso wase-Ottoman. KwabeSlav, ukuhlonishwa kokuthembela kuSultan kungabangela inhlekelele ebulalayo. AmaTurkey ahlukene hhayi kuphela ngokobuzwe, nawo ayengamaSulumane, angazange ahleleke kahle eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox laseSerbia kanye nomqondo wonke wabantu.

Umfundisi waseTurkey u-Murad I waphinde waphinde waqina ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-Toplice. Wayenemithombo yabantu kanye nemvelo ye- Asia Minor yonke. I-Serbia ehlukanisiwe yayibuthakathaka ngaphezu kwamandla ayo. Ehlobo lika-1389 ibutho laseTurkey laphinde lahlasela iSlavic. Impi eyinqaba yabanjwa ngoJulayi 15 ensimini yaseKosovo. Phakathi kwabaphikisi bezwe lakubo kwakunguMilos Obilic. I-biography yale knight kuze kube yilapho isikhathi esingaziwa kakhulu. Kodwa kwakuseKosovo ukuthi wafaza igama lakhe.

Ibutho leNsimu yaseKosovo

Ibutho le-Prince Lazar lakhiwa ebhange loMfula uLab. Lo mgwaqo wadabula insimu yaseKosovo, ekugcineni okuphambene nakho kwakuyiqembu le-Ottoman. Embusweni wamaSerbia kwakunabaseBosnia futhi abamele ezinye ezinye izizwe ezincane zaseBalkan. Kamuva bayomkhaphela uLazaru, ozoqedela ukuhamba kwakhe.

Ngaphambi kwalolu suku, umlando waseSerbia wawungakazi izimpi ezinjalo eziyingozi. Ngisho nalapho abantu bakubo besesimweni esiphezulu saseByzantium, kwakungenxa yenzuzo yesizwe, ngoba kwakuyiziGreki ezazinika ukufunda nokubhala kanye nemibono eminingi yamasiko. AmaTurkey ayengabhubhisa amaSerbia kuphela.

Ibutho likaSultan Murad lathumela phezulu ehlangothini olungakwesokudla, lapho amasosha amaSlavic ayengcono kakhulu. Kwakukhona phakathi kwabo uMilos Obilic, owayeneminyaka eminingi yokuphila ezimpi njalo e-sechah.

Ukubulala iSultan

Ekuqaleni, amaSerbia ahlukumeza ngokuphumelelayo ukuhlasela kwama-Ottomans. Nokho, uSultan waqhubeka nokulwa nazo zonke izinqolobane ezintsha amaSlav abangekho ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabantu. Kancane kancane, amaTurkey aqala ukucindezela izitha zawo.

Obilic, eqaphela ukuthi ukunqoba kwakuyoba inhlekelele ezweni lasekhaya, kunqume ngesenzo esibucayi. Wanikela kumaTurkey. U-Yunaka wangeniswa etendeni leSultan, ngakho wamfungela ngobuqotho. U-Obilic uthe uyamukele ama-Islam futhi ufuna ukukhonza uMrad. Njengombonakaliso wokulalela kwakhe, iSerbia yafanele ibanga phansi kweSultan. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, uMilo Obilic ongahlomile wabamba umlenze onobuthi ovela emzimbeni wakhe. Ukulimala okubulalayo kulandela, okwakuthatha ukuphila kukaMurad.

Ukunqotshwa kwamaSlav

IsiSerbia sithemba ukuthi ukufa kukaMbusi kungaletha ukudideka emiphakathini yama-Ottoman. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akukwenzekanga. Ngesikhathi esithile esibucayi abaseTurkey bafunda ukuthi indodana yabo iholwa indodana kaSultan Bayazid. Impi yaqhubeka ngendlela efanayo. AmaSerbia anqotshwa. Bathunjwa futhi ngenxa yokungcwatshwa kwamakhosi angama-feudal nabaseBosnia.

Ukunqotshwa kweNsimu yaseKosovo kuhlala inhlekelele enkulu kazwelonke kulabo bantu baseNingizimu Slavic. Ngemuva kwempi, amaSerbia ayengenasisekelo ngaphambi kokukhuliswa kweTurkey. Abazuzi bakaMurad kancane kancane bahlukana nenkululeko yenkululeko futhi ekhulwini le-15 baphumelela embusweni wase-Ottoman.

U-Milos Obilic uyaziwa nge-historiography njengeqhawe elikhulu kunazo zonke zabantu bakhe, ozinikele ukuzidela ngenxa yethemba eliyinqaba lokunqothula abahlaseli. Ayaziwa ukuthi ufe kanjani, umuntu angaqagela kuphela. Kungenzeka ukuthi abaqaphi bamqothula endaweni, noma i-knight yabulawa kamuva ngemva kokuhlukunyezwa okuningi.

I-Order ye-Dragon

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inkinobho yaseSerbia iphinde ibonise u-Obilich ukudalwa kwe- order knightly yaseSt. George. Yayihlanganisa nabanamandla abayishumi nambili bezwe. Uphawu lomphakathi ovaliwe kwakuyisihlangu esinelanga elikhanyayo. Esinye isibonakaliso esiyingqayizivele salolu daba kwakuyidrako, eyayiqoshwe ngezigqoko.

Kukhona amaphuzu amaningana okubuka ngekusasa lenhlangano emva kokufa okubuhlungu kwe-Obilic. Wonke ama-knights of the order ayekhona empini futhi wafa empini. Kusinda umngane oyedwa kuphela kaMilos - uStefan Lazarevich. Walimala futhi wathunyelwa ekhaya ngesimangaliso. Kamuva, waya enkonzweni yaseHungary King Sigismund. I-knight yayethemba ukuthi inkosi engumakhelwane izosiza amaSerbia ekulwa kwabo nama-Ottoman. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka, uSigismund wabuye wavuselela i-Order of the Dragon ngomfanekiso womphakathi owawukhona ku-Obilic. Umbuzo wokulandelana kwawo uhlala uphikisana.