Uphawu lokuphepha. Izimpawu zokuphepha emsebenzini. Izimpawu zokuphepha ezinganeni

Lezi zibonakaliso zenzelwe ukubuka okubonakalayo kolwazi oluvumela ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi wesintu.

Ukuchazwa komqondo ocatshangelwayo

Uphawu lokuphepha luyisithombe sombala we-geometric ehambisanayo, isimo esiyisixwayiso kubantu mayelana nengozi esheshayo (kungenzeka). Iyakwenqabela, ibeka noma ivumele izenzo ezithile, futhi isebenza njengothuthukisi wolwazi endaweni yezinto, kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungafaki, kunciphisa umthelela wezinto eziyingozi nezingozi.

Izinhlobo Zempawu Ezicatshangwayo

Kunezinhlobo ezine:

1. Okuyisisekelo . Bathwala imisho ye-semantic engavamile yeqoqo lezimfuneko zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Lezi zimpawu zisetshenziswa ngokuzimela noma njengengxenye yeqembu, zihlangene.
2. Okungeziwe. Zinezincazelo ezichazayo, futhi zihlala zisetshenziselwa kanye nezinhloko.
3. Iqembu . Zine-block eyodwa ye-rectangular 2 noma izimpawu ezingaphezulu eziyisisekelo kanye nemibhalo ebhaliwe. Lezi zimpawu zenzelwe ukubeka izidingo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
4. Kuhlangene . Ziyi-shape enemibhoshongo futhi ziqukethe kokubili uphawu lwesisekelo kanye nolunye olwengeziwe kanye nokubhaliswa okuchazayo.

Izimpawu eziyisisekelo zokuphepha komsebenzi

Zilezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuvimbela (umfanekiso wesithombe sombala omnyama emlandweni omhlophe nomngcele obomvu);
• Ukuphepha komlilo (isithombe sokuqhafaza esimhlophe esimweni esibomvu nomngcele omhlophe);
• Ukususwa, inqubo yezokwelapha, inhlanzeko (umfanekiso wesithombe esimhlophe esimhlophe);
• Isexwayiso (umfanekiso wesithombe omnyama ongenhla eliphuzi nomngcele omnyama);
• Okuchazwayo (umfanekiso wesithombe esimhlophe esimweni esihlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomngcele omhlophe);
• Okubonisa (umfanekiso wesithombe esimhlophe esimhlophe esibuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomngcele omhlophe).

Imibala yesignali nezimpawu zokuphepha

Ukuze kube lula, ulwazi lunikezwa ngesimo setafula.

Isimiso esiyinhloko sokukhetha usayizi wesibonakaliso

Lona ibanga. Kufanele kube njalo ukuthi umbonisi angahlukanisa uphawu lokuphepha. Ukubaluleka kwalesi simo, kanye nokuphakama kwesibonakaliso (ifonti yokubhaliswa okuchazayo) kuhlangene ngomunye isilinganiso, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhanya kwesibonakaliso sendawo.

Ubukhulu obulinganiselwe bazo zonke izibonakaliso eziyisisekelo ngaphansi kokukhanya okuvamile

Zethulwa ngokucabangela ibanga elidingekayo lokubona ngamamitha angu-20. Ukuze kube lula, ulwazi luhlelwe etafuleni.

Izinto zokwenza izimpawu zokuphepha

Ngokusho kwe-State Standard, ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, i-photoluminescent, ibuyisela emuva.

• Isibonakaliso sokuphepha esingaqondakali sisetshenziselwa ukukhanya okujwayelekile kwemvelo (kokufakelwa). Izimpawu ezinjalo zamukela iso lomuntu ngisho nokukhanya okungafani. Uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele, akusetshenziswanga, kusukela kusihlwa lezi zibonakaliso azihlukanisi neze.
• Uphawu lokuphepha lokubuyisela emuva , njengomthetho, lisetshenziswe ekukhanyeni okuphansi kakhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kube khona umthombo wokukhanya oseduzane, lapho umphumela wokubuyiselwa kabusha uzokwenziwa ngayo. Uma kwenzeka umthombo nombukeli beyindlela efanayo, isibonakaliso sivutha kakhulu, kodwa zonke izinto ezizungezile zibonakala zifiphele.
• Izimpawu zokuphepha ze- Photoluminescent (GOST) zenzelwe amakamelo amnyama, kanye nokusetshenziswa ezimweni zokushintsha ukukhanya okuphuthumayo. Zenziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-phosphor pigment ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, okukwazi ukuyihambisa emnyama amahora angu-8.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi, ngokukhanya okujwayelekile, ukubuyisela emuva, izibonakaliso ze-photoluminescent zijwayelekile ezingekho ezikhanyayo. Ukudalulwa kwezici zabo kwenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngokusho kwe-GOST 12.1.007-76 izinto eziphathekayo ze-photoluminescent ziseklasini lesithathu, lesine lesingozi, njengoba zingenayo izakhi zomsakazo, futhi azilimazi impilo yabasebenzi.

Izimpawu

Zisehlobo lwezihlangu, izinsika zezimo ezihlukahlukene, imibala, equkethe izimpawu, izinkomba, zisebenza ezindaweni ezithile.

Amanothi wesignali alandelayo avele:

• Ama-Constants : izihlangu "Explorer", "Umngcele wesiteshi", "Qala (ekupheleni) kwendawo eyingozi", unciphisa okuthunyelwe, uphawu lwe "C", olubonisa umsakazo, "Qala (ekupheleni) kokuphonsela" njalo njalo.
• Ezindaweni ezisetshenzisiwe (izikhonkwane eziyisikwele eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinezikhonkwane ezibheke phezulu eziqukethe izimpawu zokuphepha ezinemibandela): "Vimbela okwamanje" - ifakwe ukungena hlangothi eduze kwezingxenye zenethiwekhi yokuxhumana. Umshayeli, odlula kubo, unesibopho sokuvala okwamanje. Ngaphambi kokungena kwendawo yokungena hlangothi - "Shintsha okwamanje kwisitimela kagesi (izindlu zikagesi)".
• Ngokuba i-snowplow : "Phakamisa ummese uphinde uvale amaphiko", usetshenziselwa isikhathi sasebusika ngaphambi kokuba izithiyo zihlangane endleleni, ukuvimbela ukuhamba kweqhwa leqhwa. Ngaphambi kwabo beka isibonakaliso "Sula ummese bese uvula amaphiko", okuvumela ukuthi i-snowplow isebenze.

Zombili izibonakaliso zesignali nezimpawu zokuphepha zithwala ulwazi ngokwabo, okusiza ukuvimbela umuntu engozini.

Kucatshangwa izimpawu emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi

Ama-subspecies abavimbelayo yizimpawu zemithetho yokuphepha yokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi. Zibizwa ngokuthi amadivaysi ayingozi, izindawo, zikhombisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela, izakhiwo ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okukhethekile, imishini. Lezi zibonakaliso zisebenza njengesilumkiso sokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Uma kwenzeka engekho, inhlawulo enkulu iyolandela ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zokuphepha ezinemibandela ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokuklama, azibophezeli ngenzuzo, kodwa ngokuphila komuntu. Kule ndaba, yenkampani, isitolo, i-hairdresser, isikhungo sokuthenga esitolo somthetho, ukufakwa kwabo kuyadingeka.

Ukumaketha kwemvelo

Amabhange anamapayipi nama-varnishes avame ukuphawulwa. Izimpawu zokuphepha kwezemvelo zenza lula ukuthengwa ngumthengi ngemikhiqizo ephephile, zikhombisa izinga eliphansi lemonakalo emvelweni wemvelo.

Kunemigomo elandelayo yokwazisa lezi zimpawu:

1. Izinga lokuphepha komkhiqizo kokubili impilo kanye nemvelo esekelwe kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni enokushisa (okunephunga), ama-organic compounds, i- titanium dioxide, izithasiselo ezisebenzayo.
2. Ukungabikho kwemithi eminingi emikhiqizo, isibonelo, equkethe cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, methyl ethers, diethylene glycol, nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
3. Ukuphepha kuxhomeke ekutheni udoti luyingozi, inani lokukhishwa emkhathini ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Izimpawu zokuphepha kwezemvelo, kanye nezambatho zokuhlakazeka kwamanzi, nazo zinikezwa kulawo aqukethe izixazululo eziphilayo.

Kuze kube manje, bangaphezu kuka-30 ezinye zalezi zimpawu, kuwufanele sihlolisise ezimbalwa:

1. "Blue Angel". Isetshenziselwa 1978 eJalimane. Lolu phawu - edume kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Uma imikhiqizo alibiza, kusobala ukuthi lihlangabezana eqinile nenqubo kwemvelo. Wabelwe kuphela izinto ayinangozi kakhulu.
2. "Swan Nordic". He khulumela ilebula kwemvelo lamazwe Nordic. Lesi sibonakaliso futhi omunye edume kakhulu emhlabeni. "Swan Nordic" NCM yethulwa ngo-1989 Namuhla, emkhakheni isitifiketi zinengxenye unelungelo lobunikazi kula mazwe ezijwayelekile ezifana Finland, eDenmark, eSweden, Norway, Iceland. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala kubonisa ukulandelwa kwezilinganiso elawula kwemvelo senqubo yokukhiqiza, ukusebenza.
3. "Ekotsvetok" - uhlamvu emvelweni Europe. Lokhu umbandela materials imvelo kumazwe we-European Union.
4. "Leaf of Life." Lolu hlelo izitifiketi yokuzithandela (kwemvelo) iye kwetfulwa, "Petersburg Ecological Union" (non-nzuzo ngokubambisana) ngo-2001, eco-lebula obonwa omhlaba, it has a ukungaguquguquki nezimiso standard, ezifana ISO 14024, kanye nemikhuba international emkhakheni isitifiketi yokuzithandela ngemvelo. Ngo-2007, i-Union yokutholwa GEN ngenhla (Global Eco-akubiza Network).
5. 5. Symbol lokuhlushwa VOCs e ezinengilazi. Okwamanje, akukho uhlamvu olulodwa, kodwa amabhizinisi kakhulu sebenzisa akhiwa B & Q. Kuye okuqukethwe VOC ezinengilazi sabelwe 1 5 amalebula ezilandelayo:
   
   - okungenani (0.29%);
   - ongaphakeme (0.30 - 7.99%);
   - Incazelo (8 - 24,99%);
   - okusezingeni eliphezulu (25 - 50%);
   - eliphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-50%).
   
   
6. "Uphawu Green". He khulumela eco-ilebula e-US. Lolu phawu futhi kuhambisana nezimiso ISO 14024. Kusho esiphansi imiphumela eyingozi empilweni yomuntu kanye imvelo.

imithetho Traffic izingane

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezingane zonke, umntwana kufanele afundiswe imithetho yomgwaqo, ukuziphatha emgwaqweni. Lokhu kungasiza ukudlala uhlobo isethulo yolwazi. Namuhla, kunamabandla inqwaba izinto asizayo kulesi sihloko: opopayi zezingane, amabhuku nge funny izithombe, imidlalo, emilolozelweni.

Izimpawu zokuphepha izingane kulula ukukhumbula lapho izithombe noma kuchazwe imilolotelo. Lena ukwesekwa kuhle ekukhuleni okusheshayo SDA. Ngenxa yalokho, abazali ngeke bakhathazeke ngokuphepha kwezingane zabo.

isiphetho

Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe umbala isignali, mshini futhi izimpawu zokuphepha, futhi inikeza usayizi isilinganiso yokugcina, uchaza material for ekwakhekeni yabo, nokuningi.