Amabutho ahlomile: Amathimba ezokuxhumana

Kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zempi ehlomile eyenzelwe ukulawula amabutho nokuqinisekisa ukushintshaniswa kolwazi - lawa ngamabutho ezokuxhumana. Zinezinsiza zokuhlinzeka nokulungisa. Ngokwemvelo, yizona izingxenye ezibhekele ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumana.

Izinyunithi ezinjalo zavela ebutho laseRussia phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ucingo lwamafutha kagesi selungulwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqala le divayisi isetshenziswe e- Warrium War, futhi amabutho okuxhumana asekuqaleni ngalezo zinsuku zaziwa ngokuthi "amapaki okuhamba ngezinsimbi", ashintshwe izinkampani ze-telegraph. Intuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ayizange ibe khona lapho. Futhi eMbusweni waseRussia ngo-1899 isiteshi somsakazo sokuqala somhlaba saqala ukusebenza.

Ngo-1919, embusweni waseSoviet, i-Main Directorate of Communications ye-Red Army yadalwa, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amabutho kahulumeni oxhumana nabo empeleni waba uhlobo oluzimele lwempi. Lokhu kwaqondiswa ukudala i-Higher Electrotechnical School ngonyaka ofanayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwakuyizenzakalo zeMpi Yezwe Elikhulu. Kuvele amathuluzi amasha anikezela ukushintshaniswa kolwazi kude, kufaka phakathi amadivaysi okunyathelisa okuqondile kanye neziteshi zomsakazo we-ultrashort.

Kakade esikhathini sethu, amabutho okukhulumisana angakwazi ukunikeza ngokugcwele uxhumano olugcwele phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ibanga abavela komunye nomunye. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abanekhono, umnikelo wabo ulingana nokwandisa amandla okulwa.

Uhlelo lokuxhumana lungenye yezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphumelela kwenqubo yokuphatha izenzo zamabutho ahlomile. Lokhu futhi kuyisisekelo sayo sobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini sethu, amabutho wezwe elinethonya kakhulu emhlabeni ahlale esebenzisa amanoveli emkhakheni wokuhamba nokuxhumana. Amabutho aseRussia ahlomile ayengafani. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwebutho ibhekene nokuzenzekela kwemisebenzi yezinhlangano zayo zokuphatha. Eminyakeni yamuva, sekuvame ukukwenzeka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bamuva abusebenzanga, futhi amaphrojekthi amaningi anamuhla ayengagcwaliseki. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva, le nqubo igcine isuka ekupheleni kokufa. Ukuxhaswa kwamagatsha ezempi kuye kwathuthuka, izinyathelo zokuqala eziya phambili zenziwa zanamuhla. Izikhali zavela izibonelo zezinto zokusebenza, okungekho ngaphansi kokungaphansi kwamanye amazwe angaphandle. Lezi zihlanganisa amathuluzi okuzenzekelayo, izinhlobo zakamuva zeziteshi zomsakazo kanye neziteshi zokuxhumana nge-satelites (zombili eziselula nezimile), imishini yedijithali nokunye okuningi. Kodwa kule ndawo kusekhona izinkinga eziningi ezidinga isisombululo sokuqala.

Ngakho-ke, kunezikhathi eziphawulekayo phakathi kokubekwa komsebenzi wokukhiqiza isikhungo sobuchwepheshe nokukhishwa kwalesi sikhungo kusebenza. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi isibhamu sivele sigcine singasebenzi. Ukuthengwa kwemishini kuhlelwe kuphela ngonyaka owodwa, ongavumeli ukuthi amabutho anikeze izindlela ezidingekayo ngesamba esifanele.

Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akukho phuzu lokungenisa ubuchwepheshe eRussia. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi abalingani bangaphandle bangenaso isithakazelo ekuthengiseni imikhiqizo yamanje yesimanje kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu esebenzisa amabutho ezokuxhumana. Futhi futhi ukuthi abakhiqizi basekhaya basebenza ukuthi imishini ibe yimbi nakakhulu kunabalingani bayo bangaphandle.