UmthethoEzempilo Nokuphepha

Imithombo yomthetho wokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele. Uhlelo Lokubambisana Lokubambisana

Uhlelo lomthetho wezokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele liwugatsha lobuhlobo besikhathi samanje phakathi kwamazwe. Zisho imigomo nezimiso ezilawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe. Imigomo ilula, eqondakalayo futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ebuntwini - ukuvimbela izingxabano zendawo zempi kanye namandla kanye nokuphindaphinda kwempi yomhlaba jikelele.

Imibandela Yokubambisana Okulawulayo

Amalungelo okuvikeleka ngamazwe ahlukaniswa yizihlobo ezilandelayo zobudlelwane:

  • Ukusebenzisana ukuvimbela izingxabano zempi nobudlova. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxolelana kwamazwe ngamazwe "ukupholisa" amandla okuphikisa.
  • Ukusebenzisana okuxhunywe ekudalweni kwezinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphepha okuhlangene.
  • Ubudlelwano ukukhawulela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhali.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo

Uhlelo lobuhlobo bomhlaba wonke njengesistimu yezomthetho ehlukile lunemithetho yalo:

  • Isimiso sokulingana. Kusho ukuthi umbuso njengesihloko somthetho wamazwe omhlaba unamalungelo afanayo namanye amazwe. Inkulumo edumile yoMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin emhlanganweni wemihlaba wonke wokuphepha eMunich ngo-2006 ubonisa ngalokhu. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho inhloko yombuso waseRussia yamemezela obala ukuthi lesi simiso ngokuvamile siphulwa yi-United States of America. Leli zwe alizicabangi ngokuzihlanganisa nezinye izifunda ezizimele. Kungakwazi ukuphula zonke izivumelwano ezikhona futhi, ngamalungelo amabutho, ukuqala ukusebenza kwezempi ngamasosha ase-Afrika abuthakathaka. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wonke umuntu waqaphela ukwephula umthetho wokulingana, kodwa akekho owamemezela ngokusemthethweni lokhu. Ngokwalo, umbuso njengesihloko somthetho wamazwe angaphandle awunamalungelo alinganisiwe namanye amazwe athuthukile ezomnotho nangempi. Sidinga amathuluzi ukuze sisebenzise lesi simiso. Uhlelo olusebenzayo kuphela lobuhlobo bomhlaba wonke luzosiza ukuvikela amazwe anjalo nokuvimbela isimo esinzima.
  • Isimiso sokungavumeleki kokulimaza komunye umbuso. Kuncishiswe ukuthi ukulondeka kwezwe kanye nakwamanye amazwe kungengozini yezenzo ezibhubhisa zomthetho womhlaba wonke. Asikho isimo esingasebenzisa ibutho lempi ngokumelene nomunye ngaphandle kwemvume nokuvunywa komphakathi wezwe.

Imithombo yoMthetho Wezokuphepha Wamazwe Omhlaba

Sibala kuphela okuyinhloko, ngoba kuningi labo emhlabeni. Noma yikuphi isivumelwano esisodwa phakathi kwamazwe kule ndawo siwela ngaphansi komqondo wokuthi "umthombo womthetho wokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele". Kodwa imibhalo esemqoka yilezi:

  • I-Charter ye-UN. IZizwe Ezihlangene zadalwa emva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili ukuze kuvinjelwe izingxabano futhi zixazulule zonke iziphikisana ngezindlela zokuthula (ezokuthula). Lapha kungenzeka ukuthi ufake izinqumo ze-General Assembly yeZizwe Ezihlangene. Isibonelo, "Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ebuhlotsheni bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi", nabanye.
  • Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana: abaphethe umjaho wezikhali zenuzi futhi benqabela ukuhlolwa kwabo kunoma iyiphi indawo; Ukunciphisa ukwakhiwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhali; Ukuvimbela ukudalwa nokusabalalisa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezikhali; Ukuvimbela izimpi zengozi.
  • Izenzo zezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zesifunda kanye namabhuloki ezombusazwe (OKB, NATO, OSCE, CIS).

Ukuhlinzekwa okungalungile kokuvikeleka komhlaba

Imiphumela yokwehluleka kwezivumelwane ezihlangene yizenzo zempi. Ngokomthetho banencazelo.

Impi ukusebenzisana kwezifunda ezizimele, lapho kwenziwa khona amandla (okulimazayo) phakathi kwabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izivumelwano zobudlelwane nezivumelwano zakudala zikhanseliwe.

Isimo sezomthetho sempi

Kungenzeka kuphela phakathi kokuzimela, okungukuthi, amazwe awaziwayo emhlabeni wonke. Kumelwe ukuthi babe nesimo sobukhosi: ukucacisa indlela yokusebenzisa inqubomgomo yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kulandela ukuthi ukusebenza kwezempi ngokumelene nokungaziwa, amaphekula, nezinye izinhlangano namaqembu angenayo isimo sesifundo esihlukile somthetho wamazwe angabhekwa njengempi.

Izinhlobo zezingxabano ngokwemithetho yomhlaba wonke

Ngokusemthethweni uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:

  • Igunyaziwe. Lokho kusemthethweni. Isimo esinjalo ezweni lanamuhla sinikezwa kuphela yiMkhandlu wezokuPhepha we-UN, oqukethe abameleli bamazwe amaningana. I-Russia njengomlandeli wezomthetho we-USSR uyilungu elihlala njalo futhi lingabeka "amandla okuvota" kunoma yisiphi isinqumo.
  • Akulungile. Ayigunyaziwe yiMkhandlu wezokuPhepha we-UN, ngakho-ke ayikho emthethweni kusukela ekubukeni kwezimiso zomhlaba jikelele, okuye kwasungulwa uhlelo lokuphepha oluhlangene

Njengomthetho, umbuso owenza impi engagunyaziwe ubhekwa njengomhlukumezi. Izwe elinjalo libhekwa njengezingozi kulo lonke umphakathi womhlaba. Zonke izimboni, ezomnotho nezinye izibopho lapho ziphela. Isimo sokuhlukumezeka siba yisixuku ezombusazwe zomhlaba. Izikhonzi eziseleyo zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ziyeke ukusebenzisana naye, ukuze zingabi ngaphansi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlushwa. Kube khona amacala amaningi afanayo emlandweni. Isibonelo, i-Iraq, ngokuzihlukumeza ngokumelene neKwait. Noma i-Iran, enqaba ngesinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuvikela we-UN ukuvumela ochwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe amandla enuzi ukuba abe ensimini yawo. Futhi iNorth Korea, kusukela ngo-1950 isasemthethweni ngokulwa neNingizimu Korea, njll. Kodwa kube khona amacala lapho izenzo zempi zingavunyelwe yi-UN Security Council, futhi amazwe ahlukumezekile awazange abe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, baze bazuze ngokwezimali ezenzweni ezinjalo. Lezi zibonelo ziphathelene ne-United States, ehlasela i-Iraq ngokwephula isinqumo se-UN. U-Israyeli, owabhekana nezempi eLibya. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lokuvikeleka okuhlangene aluphelele. Emhlabeni kunenqubomgomo yemigomo ephindwe kabili, lapho isenzo esifanayo izihloko ezahlukene zomthetho wamazwe omhlaba enemiphumela ephikisana ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuphulwa komgomo wokulingana ohlelweni lokuvikeleka okuhlanganyelwe, okuholela ekunyuseni kwezingxabano, ukukhuluma kusukela esikhundleni samandla.

"Impi ye-Civilizational"

Impi ngemvelo iyesabeka futhi ayamukeleki. Uhle kumuntu ongakaze ambone. Kodwa, naphezu kwayo yonke inhlanhla yempi, isintu sivume ukuyiqhuba "izindlela zokuthuthukiswa", uma-ke, uma kuwukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kungabizwa kanjalo. Lezi zindlela zaqale zamukelwa eHague Convention ngo-1907. Ochwepheshe bebelokhu befanekisela ukubulawa okukhulu kwezimpi zomhlaba ezizophula zonke izimiso zomthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Imithetho emisha yempi

Ngokusho kwe-Hague Convention, kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu zomthetho endleleni yokulwa:

  • Isimemezelo esivulekile, esivumelwaneni sokulwa kwempi nokuthula phakathi kwamazwe.
  • Ukuqhuba imisebenzi yezempi kuphela ngezinhlobo "ezigunyaziwe" zezikhali. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izindlela ezintsha nezintsha ziyaqhubeka ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa. Namuhla yi-nyukliya, i-hydrogen, i-bacteriological, izikhali zamakhemikhali, amabhomu amaqoqo, amabhomu aqhumayo kanye nezinhlamvu nezinye izikhali ezibangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu nokubhujiswa okukhulu kwabantu.
  • Ukwethula isimo somboshwa wempi.
  • Ukuvikelwa kwamaphalamende, odokotela, abahumushi, abameli kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abangafanele basongelwe ukubhujiswa.

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