Indima edlalwa Ibizo enkulumweni. Ukusetshenziswa nemabito inkulumo

Isigaba titfo tenkhulumo ngolimi Russian iyona morphology eziyisisekelo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi basuke yizigaba ezine: ezimele, inkonzo, eyisibonelo (noma okokufaka) Amazwi utibone. Eyokuqala osebenza ku ibizo. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kungaba kubhekwe njengento imiqondo esemqoka namalimi wemiphakathi.

Ibizo njengengxenye yokukhuluma

isichazamazwi yethu iqukethe eziningi amazwi elisho izinto, kungaba abantu, izilwane, izinto ezithile noma izinto. Zonke lezi amabizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imiqondo abstract, kuhlanganise izici siqu, isibonelo, ukwethembeka, umusa, umona; elele, egijima, ukudansa, ukuphumula. emabito ezinjalo kuqakatheke of umnqopho kanye esewuphendula "ngubani?" noma "lokho?".

Zonke la mazwi ngokuthi Animate ngisho nezinto ezingaphili kangaka izigaba morphological efana nobulili, inombolo bese icala. Ngakho, bahlukene zibe ubulili ezintathu (wesilisa, njengabesifazane, maphakathi), ziyashiyana inombolo (bunye nebunyenti), kanye amacala ayisithupha.

Ibizo njengengxenye yokukhuluma It has an ukuma kokuqala ngesimo sebunyeni nominative: unodoli, intombazane, isithwathwa, injabulo, ushukela.

Indima edlalwa Ibizo enkulumweni

NgesiRashiya, ngamagama 100 akhawunti 40 amabizo. Bakha 40% isakhiwo lucebe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe njalo izwi yesibili esihlokweni noma umqondo okuphendula umbuzo "ngubani?" noma "lokho?". Ngoba kunzima overestimate indima libito enkulumweni.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ngaphandle le amayunithi lwetakhi telulwimi bekungeke kudingeke wenhlanganyelo egcwele. Ngemva umusho, njengoba umthetho, kukhona ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi izinto futhi ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwabo, ngakho cishe yilowo nalowo kubo has a ibizo, futhi ngokuvamile angaphezu kwelilodwa. Ukubaluleka kwale ngxenye inkulumo sezilimi owaziwa, wathi VG Vetvitsky, alichaze ngokuthi "-orchestra umqhubi lwetakhi telulwimi" konke okwenzayo wenziwa wabukela yonke "-orchestra" - amazwi engaphansi ukuthi ifa ifomu futhi ngivumelana naye.

Kufeza indima ebalulekile futhi ubumbaxambili emabito, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo njengendlela yokuthola ulimi olucacile (izingathekiso, epithets, ukuqhathanisa), futhi ukuba khona eziningi, hhayi kuphela ngokuqondile, kodwa futhi ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso.

Ukusetshenziswa nemabito inkulumo

Lesi sigaba se-titfo tenkhulumo emishweni wenza umsebenzi ebalulekile ekwakhiweni elisekela yekwenta. Ngokwesibonelo, ibizo ingaba njengesihluthulelo ematheni eside esiyinhloko umusho nominative. Isibonelo okuphawuleka lesisho ngu-Alexander ngaleyo Blok, "Umelusi. Street. Lantern. Ikhemisi ... "

Iqhaza zebizo okukhulunywa akuyona esilinganiselwe ngakho. Ngenxa isilandiso, kungashiwo uboniswe nominative okuthiwa imisho bicomponent: "Udadewethu - umfundi", futhi yakha kunjalo etshekile isetshenziswa njengendlela distributor amanani alandelayo:

• into ( "Masha igcwalisa Diary");
• subjective ( "intombazane babukhanya futhi ujabule");
• attributive ( "abakhulu IKhabhinethi banzi ngokwanele");
• tandziso ( "Sonke babuthana emnyango").

Ngenxa yokuthi zebizo has isigaba ubulili kanye nenombolo, it has ikhono ukuba kuhlanganiswe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene baxoxisana asho la mazwi: amahle (s) ingubo (I), enhle (s) isithombe (s), enhle (f) imbali (s).

Ukusetshenziswa emabito ukhonkolo

Kuye izici amagugu waveza le ngxenye inkulumo ihlukaniswe yaba amaqembu amaningana, phakathi okuyizinto iyunithi (ipea, utshani), impahla (ubisi, uju, isiliva), lokuqoqa (amahlamvu, isihlabathi, izilo). Kodwa mhlawumbe eziningi kakhulu futhi abantu abaningi sebekholelwa ukusetshenziswa yokukhuluma - emabito, okuyizinto phakathi eziphathekako imiqondo abstract.

kakhulu Inkulumo ethi "emabito ukhonkolo" kakade ngokwanele ukuhlonza okuqukethwe iqembu. Lo mqondo ngokuthi izinto ezahlukene kanye izenzakalo engokoqobo. Omunye engavamile zabo ukuthi amazwi amabizo isigaba eziqondene ngokuphelele kuhlanganiswe nanoma iyiphi zesi - kokubili ambalwa futhi eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki, futhi sihlangene: izingane zamantombazane ezimbili, ingane yesibili, izingane zamantombazane ezimbili; amapensela ezimbili - ipensela yesibili.

Eyesibili sici - ikhono ukwakha lilolonge plural: tot - izingane ipensela - amapensela.

Ukusetshenziswa emabito etintfo longeke watibona

Amagama abanye imiqondo abstract, futhi, ungqimba okuqinile silulumagama Russian. La mazwi - emabito, amagama noma ekhombisa ezinye imiqondo abstract, isenzo noma isimo (ukulwa, injabulo), izinga noma izici (nokuziphatha, ubuhle, yellowness).

Ngokungafani namagama ethize abstract esetshenziswa kuphela ngesimo omunye - noma nje olulodwa (ukuthula, isicwebezelisi, ukuhleka, okubi), noma kuphela amaningi (phakathi nezinsuku, amaholide, ukhetho, twilight). Futhi, abakwazi ngokuhlanganiswa izinombolo ezibalula inani. Ungasho ukuthi, ezintathu ukuthula, lo isicwebezelisi ezimbili. Ezinye emabito etintfo longeke watibona zingasebenzisa eziningi tandziso - kancane kancane - okuningi, ngisho, "Futhi eziningi izingane yayijabulisa!", "Ingabe ukuletha asemrarweni," "Futhi kangakanani kwaba inhlanhla"!

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze abone yiziphi izenzo eziphathekayo izimfanelo abstract, ingasetshenziswa ubuningi leli fomu: frost - waduma Januwari yesithwathwa, ezijulile - sifinyelele ekujuleni kolwandle, ubuhle - ujabulele ubuhle bemvelo, njll

emabito Iningi njalo enkulumweni

Uma sizama sihlaziye nesilulumagama Russian Ngokwesilinganiso, singaphetha ngokuthi mayelana ukuthandwa amagama athile asetshenziswa ke. kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, emabito kwansuku zonke. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba akhulume kwanoma yimuphi umuntu ngeke amagama izinto (spoon, ummese, imfoloko, amabhodwe, amahalavu, njll), ukudla (isinkwa, ubisi, amasosishi pasta, njll), Amazwi okuhlobene umsebenzi, ezokuthutha uzwakale, izifundo.

Ukuze ubone ukuthi kangaki elisetshenziswa inkulumo noma ukuthi igama (igama umqondo), Philologists-ososayensi kuwumkhuba izichazamazwi. Ezinye zazo yilezi emabito kuphela, ngakho-ke, esekelwe ukutadisha okunjalo kungenzeka ukufinyelela eziphethweni eziqinisekile. Lezi izichazamazwi abizwa ngokuthi imvamisa.

ngonyaka, abantu, ngesikhathi, ndaba, ukuphila, usuku, isandla, umsebenzi, igama, indawo: Kokunye lezi zinhlu ezinkulungwane emabito banikezwe amazwi alandelayo njalo kakhulu.

Amabizo enkulumweni kwengane

Kusukela umbono lososayensi, ngisho indoda bakudala, ngokwazi ukuthi leli zwe elisizungezile, ukuhlola imvelo kanye izenzakalo zalo, ebanikeza igama labo. La magama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi fixed ngolimi zezizwe, ukudala amagama awaziyo. Ngokufanayo, emabito avele inkulumo wengane. Cishe lena amazwi akhulunywa okokuqala kubo: umama, ubaba,, owesifazane, kitty, njll Kid like abantu basendulo, futhi, ngifuna ngokulangazela emhlabeni futhi ifuna ukwazi igama lalo noma ukuthi into, bese ukuze imiqondo okuthuthukile.

Ngakho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenzeka abantwana izixhumanisi associative, ulwazimagama lwabo is ahlanganiswe emabito entsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane uyazi ukuthi yini ezilungele utshani, bese lapho eqaphela ukuthi uba nombala othile, eba, futhi igama elithi "green." Ibizo "udonga" kuncike impahla iba "inyama" - isitini, itshe, ukhuni. Futhi la mazwi, futhi, ngokuvamile baphuma kancane kancane kufakwe isichazamazwi umntwana.

isiphetho

Ibizo, elisho into noma mkhuba, liwubiza ngomqondo ebanzi. Ngakho, kungase kube amagama lezinto nezinto (edeskini, notebook emabhukwinitifundvo, ikhabethe), izinto (upende, ufulawa, alikhali), izidalwa eziphilayo nezinto eziphilayo (indoda, ikati, Starling, imbewu eletha), izenzakalo, izenzakalo, amaqiniso (opera, isiphepho, injabulo), amagama ezindawo, amagama kanye nezibongo zabantu, kanye nezimfanelo, izakhiwo, izenzo, uthi (umusa, ekuhlakanipheni, ukuhamba, ukozela). Zonke lezi zibonelo olugqamile ukusetshenziswa amabizo.

Ngosizo lwabo kulula ukuzulazula emigwaqweni yasedolobheni, ukufunda izimpawu, ngoba amagama izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano zimelela le ngxenye yenkulumo. Ngokufanayo, kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kuzoxoxwa ngakho incwadi noma isihloko (isihloko, njengoba umthetho, kukhona ibizo). It kungenziwa ngokuthi omdala, ezivamile, ozimele kakhulu, okuyiyona ngxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okuholela lolimi.

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka hhayi bavumelane L. Assumption, kuchazwa indima libito kulenkhulumo, ukusibiza isinkwa ulimi. Kubaluleke kangakanani lo mkhiqizo empilweni yomuntu ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi lesi sigaba ekusebenzeni ulimi.