Cardinal izinombolo. Iziphakamiso kanye nezinombolo

isiRashiya kubhekwa siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke yazo zonke ekhona emhlabeni. Manje-ke ukuthi singabantwana cishe izikhulumi bomdabu kuphela. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba athobele lesi sihloko uyaziqhenya. yokufunda okusebenzayo kwe siqala yakhe esikoleni: esikoleni samabanga aphansi kahle zamagama, futhi abaphathi abaphezulu kanye maphakathi - ezibonakalayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngisho nolwazi lwakhe ezinhle akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzobe kahle isiRashiya.

Kuyini ulimi? Abaningi izimpendulo zalo mbuzo, unganqikazi: izwi. Nakuba lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngokwengxenye impendulo yombuzo ilungile. Lokho amazwi ziyisisekelo inkulumo yethu.

Kolweni e isiphakamiso, akha imibhalo ukuthwala imininingwane. Yiqiniso, amazwi abo abe ezingeni elithile, ngokuthi izingcezu zenkulumo. Kwabo kukhona inani elilinganiselwe: zonke, isibonelo, bayasazi kahle emabito, tiphawulo netento. Ngakho, phakathi kwabo kukhona kwesinye isigaba amazwi, avame ukunganakwa futhi odidekile kuwo. Sikhuluma netinombolo. Iza phambi izinhlobo eziningana, asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Iqiniso lokuthi ukulandelana kanye ezinombolweni ezibalula inani ezinjalo, asetshenziswe kanjani, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngani kulesi sihloko.

titfo tenkhulumo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngolimi Russian wonke amagama yizigaba noma titfo tenkhulumo - futhi isevisi ezimele. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa zonke lezo baye owahlukaniswa umongo Inani: igama ibizo, isenzo, isiphawulo. Inombolo, futhi basonta kuleli qembu. Ingxenye yesibili - isevisi, okubandakanya izinhlayiya, bondzaweni nokunye. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi amagama izinombolo kungenziwa kwiqembu lokuqala ingachazwa affixes izinombolo ezibalula inani kanye uhlanga eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki.

Iyini inombolo

Siyazi ukuthi kukhona tenkhulumo, njengoba ukhadinali. Lokho akwenza kwathinta ukuthini? Empeleni, konke ulula: kusukela igama uqonde ukuthi la mazwi banesibopho ubhala izinombolo nezinombolo ngosizo izincwadi Russian.

Ngokwesibonelo, kwesithi "2" - ifomu zezibalo, futhi "ezimbili" - a inani lilotshwe imithetho isiRashiya. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le ngxenye kwenkulumo kuyize, kuba kude kulula ukusebenzisa netinombolo Arabhu noma Roman, kodwa kusukela kulolu hlobo izwi ukhona, khona-ke kuyadingeka. Kunezindlela eziningana imicabango yabantu ukuthi izibalo efomini zezibalo - netinombolo efanayo. Nokho, lezi zazi zolimi cabangela le ndlela engalungile, ngoba izibalo ngokuvamile okukhulunywa kahle timphawu bese izimpawu zalo, hhayi ngamazwi, futhi isibalo nge ncazelo - kungcono tenkhulumo.

izinhlobo zesi

Njenganoma iyiphi we titfo tenkhulumo ngolimi isiRashiya, netinombolo babe esithweni sabo. Esikoleni, satshelwa ukuthi babili kuphela, kodwa ochwepheshe bezilimi ezine. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe kwazo zonke.

• Ngakho, uhlobo lokuqala - ezinombolweni ezibalula inani. Bayaphendula lo mbuzo: "Zingaki" Ngokwesibonelo: bangaki amagonandoda? zingaki izingane? Ngamanye amazwi, benza akhombise inani lezinto kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo okufanele zibalwe. Phakathi kwezimpawu bathi uma kuphela lokho akusizi uhlobo noma inombolo kabalalo. Okuhlukile izinombolo ezibalula "ngazimbili" 'omunye' - futhi babe inombolo, futhi uma kwenzeka, kodwa igama elithi "ngazimbili" 'nengxenye "ingasetshenziswa ngisho izizukulwane ezahlukene. Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa zesi lihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokusetshenziswa ngokunembile uhlobo ambalwa.

• Uhlobo lwesibili kuhlanganisa iqembu elinjalo, ogama khona ungezwakala ngempela akuvamile - a tinombolo ngokuhlanganyela. Kwabaningi, kungase kubonakale engavamile lelo gama. Eqinisweni, tinombolo collective - uhlobo ambalwa. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi amelele "kubutsela inombolo ethile" kungani futhi bafakwa iqembu ehlukile. Tibonelo taletinhlobo ezibhekwa amazwi Izinombolo ezimbili, ezintathu, emihlanu, njalo njalo. Omunye kokuma ebaluleke kakhulu wukuthi lolu hlobo alisetshenziswa nemabito isifazane. Awukwazi, isibonelo, uthi "Abesifazane abathathu".
• Uhlobo lwesithathu kuhlanganisa izinombolo eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki. Zisetshenziswa ukuguqula iyiphi into bese ubhala (funda) kanje: wekucala, wesibili, yeshumi, nokunye. Iinomborosikhundla futhi cardinal iyashintsha ku izimo, uhlobo ngokulandelana njalo kuyafana uhlobo Isiphawulo, ngakho ezinye izazi zezilimi zihlanganisa Izinombolo ezinjalo titfo tenkhulumo.
• Eyesine group - Izinombolo wamaqhuzu. Lolu hlobo njalo has a uthonhlanganisela, futhi lapho ebhekisela aya emabito "inamba" futhi "zero" ingasetshenziswa kungenzeka. Ukuphela netinombolo wamaqhuzu amafomu zincike ukufa kwezinsana, lapho ukuthi akuphi. Izibonelo zibandakanya mazwi: Angaba yizingxenye ezintathu; zero iphuzu eziyisishiyagalombili.

izimo ezilula futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi

Iinomborosikhundla futhi cardinal ungaba ifomu elula oluyinhlanganisela. Esimweni sokuqala bona aqukethe igama elilodwa, kanye nezinye - eziningana, kuhlanganise ingase ihlanganise amabizo. Izinombolo Fractional zihlale ifomu ebalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo: ezine wesithathu (linamagama amabili). Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa amafomu esiyinhlanganisela ezimweni ezahlukene, abantu abaningi ngokuvamile ukuba babe nezinkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, zama ukubeka inani eziyikhulu ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nane namakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi amahlanu nanye esimweni prepositional. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa sendlela ufunde ukukwenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyothiwa ebhaliwe kancane ephansi.

Izibonelo netinombolo embhalweni

Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa lamagama bangase bacabange eqanjiwe. Classics livame ukusetshenziswa lamagama ukuchaza izinombolo, yingakho ukusetshenziswa zesi kule amanoveli kanye nezindaba ngempela kwandile. Ngokujwayelekile, kwamukelwa kabanzi ukubhala izincwadi elandisayo yale zonke izibalo izinhlamvu - kusiza bezibona temibhalo futhi ayikuvumeli umuntu ukushintshela komunye uhlobo lolwazi - umbhalo - ngakolunye, kulesi simo inombolo.

Esikhathini izincwadi, iziphakamiso kanye nezinombolo ingavela kanje: "Ebaleni ayemathathu amabhakede zomhlaba" - isibonelo ukusetshenziswa inombolo eziyinhloko. "Hussars ababili adumileyo wacosha eyayilimele wambeka ohlakeni" - lenkulumo ifomu ngokuhlanganyela. Enough ezingavamile ukuthola zinhlobo wamaqhuzu. Omunye lezi zimo angase abizwe ngokuthi yesikhulumi owaziwa "Nine kanye ezintathu kwezine" encwadini kaJohane. Rowling sika "Harry Potter". Ngaphezu kwakho konke, sihlangana ukusetshenziswa izinombolo dolobha kukho uma sifunda esikoleni. Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini yakhe "isiRashiya. Libanga 6 "Lodyzhensky eziningi imisebenzi ukuthi ibe nezinombolo ezahlukene ukuhlukahluka ebhaliwe, njengoba kuyintando esigabeni" Morphology "kunikezwa ukunakwa kakhulu lapha.

Izinombolo kukharikhulamu esikoleni

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amagama zesi - izingxenye yokukhuluma, izici kanye typologies ukuthi ukudida ngisho abafundi abakhuthele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba uhlelo ngesihloko esithi "isiRashiya" Libanga 6 nguye kuphela lapho le ngxenye kwenkulumo sifundwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Kulindeleke ukuba abafundi ukukhohlwa ukwaziswa okubalulekile, futhi Okwamanje zesi singenzeka ku Enobunye ukuhlolwa State umsebenzi anikezelwe ukusetshenziswa lwelulwimi lolufanele yamagama. Ngokuvamile, lawa titfo tenkhulumo emelelwa ifomu esiyinhlanganisela (futhi ngenhlanhla alikho icala nominative). Kusukela examinee ukuze kunqunywe, isetshenziswa kahle noma cha, ukuthi kwabaningi kodwa kuyinkinga enkulu. Ukuze wenze umsebenzi udinga ezingeni lelisetulu impahla siqu, ezihlobene ekuncipheni titfo tenkhulumo amacala, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yakha ekupheleni netinombolo. Inkinga iba ngokungenaphutha yokuthi izingane nje ukhohlwe izinto, ngoba iphesenti labo kunikezwa ngesikhathi isifundo, ivame zero. Wonke umuntu uyazi ezingeni futhi bayakwazi ukuthonya abantu noma iyiphi zesi amacala, kodwa emva kwesikhathi esithize, ne umkhuba akwanele, lokhu kuyikhono elahlekile, ngakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa zidinga sokuvuselela saziso.

Ukuzisebenzisa kahle amagama zesi

Ngokuvamile, ubunzima main, hhayi kuphela phakathi abafundi, kodwa futhi iningi labantu, kuyinto ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele lesi tenkhulumo. Abantu nje asazi kanjani ibukeke ngendlela netinombolo. Ngakho-ke, sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe lokho ekugcineni babe bezigaba ezingafani "dolobha" izinombolo.

Amafomu elula kukhona ezinombolweni ezibalula inani: amazwi elisho isibalo ezinhlanu kuya amabili amathathu, ku genitive, umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi futhi prepositional babe s ekupheleni, futhi th wezinsimbi. Ake sicabangele isibonelo yokuncipha kokubaluleka inani "emihlanu". Ngakho, siyobe ukunqabela ku izimo, ezinhlanu,, ezinhlanu,, ezinhlanu,. Netinombolo kusuka amahlanu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi amabili ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi bayichezukisa zombili izingxenye amazwi, isibonelo, anamanci mahlanu, anamanci mahlanu, anamanci mahlanu, anamanci mahlanu, anamanci mahlanu, ngamashumi ayisihlanu. Kuleso simo ekhuthaza inani, lamagama ivame ngokwehlukile.

Ngokuphathelene izinombolo eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki, okuyinto ziyahlukahluka ngesibalo futhi ushiye, engimbumbile bona isiphetho is on isimiso esifana tiphawulo isihlobo. Isici esibalulekile wukuthi kushintsha kuphela lapho owokugcina izwi Nokwehla esimweni yakha oluyinhlanganisela. Ngokwesibonelo, ezine namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha, ezine namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha, ezine namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye lesithupha, ezine namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha, ezine namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye lesithupha, kungathi abantu abayizinkulungwane ezine emakhulu asibhozo anamanci asithoba eziyisithupha.

Izinombolo Fractional zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-numerator is quantified, kanye zihilela - efomini serial. Lokho kusho ukuthi ushintsho wamaqhuzu le inani engenziwa eceleni Nokwehla kokubili amagama amacala.

Khumbula la imithetho elula, ungaqiniseka of ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele yimaphi amafomu adingekayo. ngokucace kakhudlwana ezikhumulweni Imininingwane ongabonisa ithebula netinombolo.

amaphutha ayisisekelo

Uma ungumuntu zijwayele kanjani ukushintsha netinombolo, kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukukhumbula konke lokhu. Eqinisweni, akukho okungajwayelekile nzima - ngokwanele ukunqabela bebodwa, ezinye izinhlobo abamelwe ngokushesha iba isimiso kucace ke zinyamalale futhi iphutha. It is waphawula yini ukuthi abantu abangakwazi bangasebenzisa kakhulu ekukhulumeni iziphakamiso kanye nezinombolo, enze amaphutha ambalwa ngokubhala ekuxazululeni ukuhlolwa.

Ngesisekelo imiphumela efanayo ukuhlolwa kwatholakala ukuthi kuphakama ubunzima main kusukela abaphendulayo ukushintsha amazwi icala amafomu, okubonisa ukuthi iphesenti ezithile yokungafundi sabantu. Uhlolo lolukhulunywako two-thirds abaphendulayo babebe nobunzima nge yokubiza Izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyinhlanganisela, kanye netinhlobo babe nawo awalungile.

Amathiphu ambalwa iSifundo ka zesi

Uma ufisa ukuhlola le ngxenye kwenkulumo muhle ngempela, futhi ngangingakaze ekuphileni kwami musa unezinkinga ke, kufanele wenze kanjalo. Into yokuqala okudingeka ukuba ufunde konke ukwaziswa okudingekayo ukuze ukuthuthukiswa. Ungakwazi yokwelula inqubo izinsuku eziningana, esebenzisa indinganiso izinqubo ngekhanda: ezibukwayo, inkumbulo sokuzwa, futhi amasu owaziwa, ezifana ukufunda ngaphambi sokulala. Ngemva kokulifunda ngokucophelela kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela, ungaqhubeka abakuyo. Cha, ukuhlala izincwadi futhi asebenzise inqwaba Amakhasi declinations ka zesi ayidingekile (Nokho, ungazama - lokhu msebenzi ngempela ewusizo, noma kudla isikhathi). Empeleni, zonke izinto ebonakalayo bungabalwa ezimpilweni zethu. Nakani esidlule bangaki izimoto ziye zenza, noma ungavele ukufunda imibhalo eyayikulo izimpawu ubone intengo tags ezitolo - akuyona ukhadinali? Ngemva kwalokho, usebenzisa ulwazi theory, kutuswa e umqondo Nokwehla amacala. Cishe ngemva kwesonto yokubiza Izinombolo kakade kwakungeke kube inkinga. Uma le ndlela sinzima, kuba njalo ukhetho lokuqala - ukuba linqume. Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uzimisele nge indlela yokufunda indaba, ukhetha okungcono, kodwa zindlela ezingenhla kuzovumela ngokushesha kahle inqubo Nokwehla, futhi ngenxa yalokho sigweme amaphutha ezivamile.

Izinombolo kumadokhumenti

Ngiqinisekile eziningi efayiliwe entela kanye namanye amaphepha emvume zezimali, okuyinto ngempela kube isamba. Kungenzeka uye waqaphela ukuthi notation zezibalo njalo (kubakaki noma oseceleni) amazwi enqunyiwe, t. E. Inani eziyinhloko. Kungani lo demagoguery? Lokhu kukholakala ukuvikela amaphutha. Uma umuntu has a wesandla ongaziwa, angawubhala inombolo ukuze kalula udidekile nanoma iyiphi enye, kanye isipelingi egcwele izinhlamvu mancane amathuba iphutha.

isiphetho

Ngakho, manje uyazi ukuthi ukulandelana kanye ezinombolweni ezibalula inani, futhi esekhona namanje imibono yabo. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko akufanele ahlale ukungabaza mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa la mazwi kahle ngolimi lwabo lolukhulunywako kanye nelulwimi lolubhalwako. Yiqiniso, kuyodingeka wenze umzamo ukwenza lokho, kodwa umphumela uyoba sijabulise nawe. Kufanele ukuthi ngolimi lwabo ezingeni efanele edingekayo zonke izakhamuzi zezwe lethu. Yiqiniso, ukukwazi Russian yayiqeda akunakwenzeka (kahle, abekho abantu), kodwa ukwazi ukuthi ukuxhumana usadinga. Okungenani ukuze uqonde okushiwo izitatimende ezizungezile, wena "ehloniphekile" umphakathi, musa uzizwe unamahloni.