Incwadi kaStalin ethi "Izinkinga Zezomnotho Zenhlalakahle e-USSR"

"Izinkinga zomnotho zezenhlalakahle e-USSR" yincwadi eyashicilelwa ngo-1952. Kulo, umbhali wabonisa umbono wakhe ngokuqondene nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo eSoviet Union, ngenkathi ehlaziya izinhlinzeko ezithile zeMarxism mayelana nokuhlolwa kanye nencazelo yesimo samanje. Lo msebenzi wawuwumphumela wengxoxo eyasungulwa ngonyaka ngaphambili ngesenzo seqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuzoba yisiqondiso sokuqoqa incwadi encwadini yomnotho wezepolitiki.

Okudingekayo

Incwadi ethi "Izinkinga Zomnotho Yezenhlalakahle e-USSR" ayiveli nje ngenxa yengxoxo kanye nokulungiswa kwencwadi entsha. Into ewukuthi ubuholi baseSoviet noStal ngokwabo babe nolwazi olunzulu ekwenzeni izinguquko zezomnotho. Ngokuyinhloko ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa nokubambisana, kungakhulumi ngokubuyiselwa kwempi ngemuva kokulwa kwempi. Izindlela zokuphatha kanye nokulawulwa kweziqondiso, ukubeka phakathi kokukhiqiza kanye nokulawula okuqinile phezu kokushintshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kweqembu elidinga incazelo yezesayensi nokulungiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona isidingo sokubuyekeza ezinye izinhlinzeko zemfundiso kaMarxist, inqwaba yezinhlinzeko ezingazange zihambisane neqiniso lamaSoviet. Yilo msebenzi owawubhalwa ngumlobi womsebenzi Wezinkinga Zomnotho Wezenhlalakahle e-USSR.

Ku-Marxism

Le ncwadi iqukethe izahluko ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Esikhathini esithile sendawo uStalin uveza umqondo wokuthi akusekho ukufaka isicelo segama elidala ngokungahambisani nemibono yanamuhla futhi uhlongoza ukushintsha amagama uma uveza umnotho kazwelonke ezweni. Isibonelo, uyancoma ukushiya izincazelo ezinjengezinto ezidingekile nezokudlula, isikhathi sokusebenza, ukusebenza. Umbhali wacabanga ukuthi la magama aphelelwe yisikhathi ngakho-ke aphikisana ngokuthi kufanele aqedwe.

Mayelana nezohwebo

Encwadini yakhe ethi Economic Problems of Socialism e-USSR, uStalin wavuma ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubuhlobo bomnotho bukhona, kepha wayenombono wokuthi kunesidingo sokungena kancane kancane kwemvelo. Esahlukweni sesine, uthi kuyadingeka ukubhubhisa umehluko phakathi kwedolobha nezwe, umsebenzi wezengqondo nomzimba. Umbhali wayeqiniseka ukuthi isimiso sezenhlalo sasivele salungisa ukuguqulwa okubalulekile kulelizwe. Ukushabalala kwalo mmehluko, ngokombono wakhe, bekuyosho ukunyamalala kokugcina kwezimbangi kanye nezinhlobo zokuxhashazwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wavuma ukuthi kwakuzoba khona umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba, kodwa ukuthi ngeke kube okuyingqayizivele: isibonelo, embonini nasezolimo kuphela izimo zokusebenza ezizoxoxwa ngazo, uma kwenzeka umsebenzi wezingqondo nezingokomzimba kuphela igebe elikhulu lizoqedwa Emigameni namasiko.

Mayelana nomakethe

Emisebenzini yakhe ethi "Izinkinga Zezomnotho Zenhlalo Yezenhlalakahle e-USSR" UStalin uphishekela umbono wokuqhekeka kwemakethe yomhlaba emva kwempi. Uchaza le nqubo ngokuthi amazwe ase-capitalist athuthukile awakwazi ukunikeza abantu-amazwe angokwenkululeko enkampanini yeSoviet usizo oluwusizo olukhulu nokubambisana, ngenkathi ikamu lezenhlalakahle ngokwalo, ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwabo, lifinyelele izinga eliphakeme ekukhiqizeni, ngakho kufanele lize maduzane Isikhathi lapho engeke asadinga khona izinto zokusetshenziswa zangaphandle noma izinsizakalo zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, yena ngokwakhe uzofuna ukuqeda umkhiqizo owedlulele. Kulesi simo, uStalin wagxeke isimiso se-capitalist, esakhela imakethe efanayo, efuna ukunciphisa isikhundla sabamncintisana. Izikhundla zabo umlobi wehlukana nokusebenzisana okuzuzisayo phakathi kwezizwe zenhlalakahle, okuhlangene ndawonye okwahluleka ukuphuma kule nkinga.

Mayelana nempi

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwakungumsebenzi kaStalin "Izinkinga Zomnotho Zenhlalo Yezenhlalakahle e-USSR." Le ncwadi ibonisa imibono yakhe hhayi kuphela isimo sangaphakathi soSoviet Union, kodwa futhi nesimo samazwe omhlaba. Umlobi wesahluko sesithupha uhlaziya isimo se-post-impi eYurophu nasemhlabeni futhi uphetha ngokuthi izingxabano phakathi kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga zijulile futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu phakathi kwamakamu a-capitalist and socialist. Ngokombono wakhe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla aseYurophu akakwazi ukubekezelela ukuphakama kwezomnotho wase-US kanye necebo likaMarshall , ekugcineni, elizoholela enkingeni enkulu phakathi kwabo. UStalin wahlanganisa iNgilandi, iFrance neJalimane njengezizwe ezinjalo, ebonisa ukuthi iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ayizange iqale phakathi kwezenhlalakahle kanye ne-capitalist (nakuba ayeqaphela ukuphikisana okujulile phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezahlukene), okungukuthi, phakathi kwabameleli ekamu le-capitalist.

On movement ukuthula

Emisebenzini ethi "Izinkinga Zomnotho Zombuso Wezenhlalakahle e-USSR," umlobi walo ophikisana nokungaqiniseki kwempi entsha, umqondo wesidingo sokuba nenhlangano ejwayelekile yokuthula nayo iqhutshwa. ISoviet Union yanikezwa indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uStalin wathi le nhlangano yezenhlalakahle ihlukile kulokho okwakubonakala eminyakeni yempi yangaphambilini, lapho uhulumeni omusha elwa impi nohulumeni. Kodwa ukunyakaza okusha kokuthula, ngokusho komlobi, kwakuyisilinganiso sesikhashana nje, ukubambezeleka ekugqaseni kwempi.

Mayelana nabasebenzi

"Izinkinga zomnotho zezenhlalakahle e-USSR," incwadi, isishwankathelo esilandelayo kulokhu kubuyekezwa, iphakamisa imibuzo eminingi mayelana nesimo se-proletariat emazweni ase-capitalist. UStalin uphawula ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukwahlulela inhlalakahle yabasebenzi emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, futhi nase-United States kuphela ngokwezinga lokuchuma kwabantu abasebenza. Ukholelwa ukuthi izibalo kufanele zicabangele labo abangasebenzi, futhi isimo sabo sasingenakuphulukiswa. Ngakho-ke, lo mbhali waqhubeka, omunye akakwazi ukwenza iziphetho eziphuthumayo ngezinga eliphakeme lokuvikeleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezisebenzini zezinkampani ezinkulu.

Emithethweni yentuthuko

Incwadi kaStalin ethi The Economic Problems of Socialism e-USSR yembula imibono yomlobi ngemithetho ye-capitalist kanye ne-socialism. Uphika ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukusho ukuthi inani linquma izici zokusebenza kwemakethe yaseWest Europe. Ngokombono wakhe, lo mthetho wabuye wasebenza ngesikhathi sokunciphisa umnotho, lapho ubuholi bezimali bengakabi khona. Uphika imibono yabososayensi abathile ukuthi umgomo oyinhloko kulokhu kufanele ube yinkomba yemali ejwayelekile.

Umsebenzi kaStalin "Izinkinga Zomnotho Zombuso Wezenhlalakahle e-USSR" zathuthukisa umqondo wokuthi inani eliphakeme kufanele libhekwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho umbhali wakhetha umthetho we-capitalism ngale ndlela elandelayo: kuyisifiso sokuthi ukuxhaphaza abantu, ukulwa nomnotho ukuze kukhishwe inzuzo enkulu.

Waba nombono ohluke ngokuphelele ekuboniseni isimo senhlalo: ngokusho kwakhe, lolu hlelo lusekelwe ekusabalaliseni okulinganayo kwemithombo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlinzeka ngokugcwele kwazo zonke izidingo zabantu. Ngakho, wahlukana nezisekelo zomnotho kazwelonke emakamu amabili.

Mayelana nencwadi

UStalin uqobo waba nengxenye ekhuthele ekudaleni izinsiza zokufundisa. "Izinkinga zomnotho zezenhlalakahle e-USSR" - ukuqinisekiswa okukhanga kakhulu kwalokhu. Phela, kule ncwadi ngokuqondile uhlinzeka imiyalelo kubalobi kanye nabadwebi kulokho okuqukethwe, ulungisa izimvo zabo nezitatimende zabo, kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubaluleka kwencwadi akuyona nje i-Soviet Union kuphela, kodwa futhi kubasebenzi bamazwe ngamazwe. Uthi umsebenzi kufanele ubonise ukufezeka kwezenhlalo ukuze amanye amazwe akhokhe umlando ekwakheni umnotho wezenhlalakahle. Kulesi simo, le ncwadi kumele ibonise ukwehluleka kwezinhlelo ze-capitalist kanye ne- colonial.

Mayelana namaFamu Okubambisana

Ekuphetheni, uStalin uchaza izinto ezimbalwa mayelana nendlela yokwenza umphakathi wendawo epulazini uwonkewonke. Waqala ukucabanga kwakhe ngombono wokuthi izinsiza zabo futhi cishe zisezwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, akavumelani nemibono ukuthi ngokuzibandakanya kwabo kuyadingeka ukudlulisela yonke imishini kubo, ngoba kuphela izwe linganikeza amapulazi ahlangene ngemishini entsha neyasimanje. Ngokombono wakhe, imikhiqizo kuphela eyayisetshenzisweni yamapulazi aqoqene kukhona okunye okunye, okungekho kwemikhiqizo yabo yezolimo. Ukuze wenze indawo yomphakathi, ngokusho kukaStalin, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukushintshaniswa kwemvelo phakathi kwedolobha nasemaphandleni. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuqedeni ubudlelwane bemali, okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekushintsheni kwesigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa - ubukhomanisi.