Imvubelo ifa ngukuphi ukushisa? Ithonya lemibandela emisebenzini ebalulekile yemvubelo

Imvubelo ngumkhiqizo odumile, ngokuvamile uvame ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuhlukahlukene abantu abadlayo nsuku zonke. Abaningi, mhlawumbe, bakholelwa ukuthi basesinkwa, ama-buns kanye neminye imikhiqizo efanayo. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, i-spectrum yesicelo sabo ibanzi kakhulu kunokuba kubonakala sengathi umuntu ojwayelekile, kungaba: kwiwayini, ubhiya, utshwala, i-moon. Kodwa ngokusetshenziswa okungalungile komkhiqizo, okungukuthi, ukushisa, imvubelo ifa. Ngimaphi izinga lokushisa okwenzekayo, akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo.

Imvubelo yesinkwa

Kunesisindo esikhulu semvubelo, esetshenziselwa ukupheka isinkwa, zonke ziyahlukahluka kwisakhiwo kanye nemibandela yokuphila. Ezimweni eziningi, abesimame basebenzisa imvubelo entsha noma eyomile, kodwa kusekhona imvubelo ye-granulated futhi esheshayo. Konke kunemiphumela ehlukile ekubheni futhi kukhona izinga lokushisa elithile, ngemuva kokudlulela kulokho okuyeka ukusebenza khona. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi ama-yeast okushisa afayo ukuze imikhiqizo yefulawa ingabonakali.

Imvubelo entsha

Lona uhlobo oludume kakhulu lomkhiqizo wokupheka isinkwa. Ezimweni eziningi, zithengiswa ngamabhantshi amancane ama-50 noma i-100 g. Ngenxa yemvubelo enjalo, ukubheka kuphenduka umbala ophelele futhi kunomsoco omuhle.

Kukholelwa ukuthi umkhiqizo onjalo ubangela ukuvuthwa okunzima kunawo wonke, ngakho-ke ukubhaka kuluhlaza futhi akunamfutho oqondile. Okuqukethwe umswakama kulawa mafutha kungu-70%.

Lo mkhiqizo ugcinwe kahle. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi imvubelo entsha ingagcinwa esiqandisini izinsuku ezingaba yishumi nambili. Ukushisa kokugcina kumele kungabi yizinga eliphakeme kunezingu-10, kunconyiwe 0 ... 4 ° C.

Imvubelo enikeziwe yekhwalithi enhle kufanele ibe ngumbala wekhilimu, futhi uma umkhiqizo ucindezelwe ngomunwe, kufanele uphule futhi uquke. Uma zifakwe nje, akusiyo imvubelo yangempela, kodwa nje imangazane yazo.

Izimo zokuphila kwemvubelo entsha

Lo mkhiqizo ungumzimba ophilayo, futhi zonke izinto eziphilayo kufanele ziphefumule. Okufanayo kuya imvubelo. Ukupakishwa kunikelwa ukunakwa okukhethekile, akuvunyelwe ukuwavala endaweni evulekile. Uma umkhiqizo ungamukeli umoya, ngokushesha uqala ukuwohloka, emahoreni ambalwa nje uba ongasebenzi.

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, imvubelo kufanele igcinwe esiqandisini ekushiseni okuphansi ngokwanele. Kodwa uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, ungasebenzisa indlela enhle kakhulu: umkhiqizo ufafazwa ufulawa noma usawoti omuhle, ngenxa yalesi semvubelo ngeke kuphazamise izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese uhlala nezinye izinsuku ezingu-3-4 ngaphezulu.

Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwemvubelo, akudingeki ukuba udlulele futhi ubangele, ngoba imvubelo ibulawa ngamakhaza aphezulu. Ngukuphi ukushisa? Impendulo ilula kakhulu - imvubelo emisha ayikwazi ukuhlanjululwa endaweni evuthayo yetshezi ezingeni elingaphezu kuka-42 ° C. Uma kungenjalo, inqubo yokuvutshwa yokuhlolwa ngeke iphumelele kakhulu, futhi uma izinga lokushisa lidlulile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngeke kube nomthelela.

Imvubelo yegranulated

Lolu hlobo lomvubelo lubuye luhlelwe ukupheka isinkwa kanye neminye imikhiqizo yefulawa, kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Phakathi nokukhiqizwa, lo mkhiqizo uthola ukwelashwa okhethekile, emva kwalokho kuphela umswakama okungu-24%. Ngenxa yalokhu, unesimo sama-granules amahle. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi yikuphi izinga lokushisa uhlobo lwesinkwa se-granular. Yonke into elula, eqinisweni - yonke imvubelo efanayo, iphela amanzi, ngakho ungawafaki emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-42 ° C.

Noma kunjalo, impilo yesheluli yalomkhiqizo ide kakhulu kunangaphambili. Umbuso wokushisa ufana (hhayi ophakeme kune-10 ° C), kodwa impilo yeshalofu yanda ngamasonto ayisithupha.

Inzuzo yembiliso enjalo ukuthi akudingeki ukuba ichitheke emanzini noma enye i-liquid. Lo mkhiqizo ungaxhunyaniswa ngokushesha nofulawa, okuholela ekusabalaliseni komfaniswano komkhiqizo kulo lonke uhlolo.

Imvubelo eyomile

Lo mkhiqizo usuke unamanzi amaningi, kulowo kuphela u-8% womswakama kuphela. Kunconywe ukuthi ufulawa olinganayo ubeka imvubelo eyomile kakhulu kunokucindezela evamile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le emaphaketheni ayibonisi ukuthi iyiphi imvubelo eyomile yokubhakabhaka yomile wabomvu. Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, lo mkhiqizo uvimba ukuphila kwawo ekushiseni okungaphezu kwama-55 ° C.

I-granules yemvubelo eyomile ayizithobeki kakhulu ekugcineni, isivele ikhona emaphaketheni avumayo. Impilo yesheluli iyanda kakhulu kuze kube seminyaka emibili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, badinga ukuthathwa kakhulu kunabanye abacindezelweyo. On 100 g yemvubelo yempilo ejwayelekile izodinga 30 g kuphela owomile.

Kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngokwehlukana ukuthi inani elanele labantu lididanisa lo mkhiqizo ngesisindo esisheshayo futhi uhlanganise nabo ngokushesha ngofulawa, kodwa lokhu akunakwenziwa. Lo mkhiqizo kufanele usakaze emanzini afudumele (ukushisa okunconywayo kungama-30 ... ama-45 degrees), ulinde kuze kube khona amabhuloki avela ebusweni buka-liquid, ngokuyinhloko le nqubo ithatha imizuzu engu-10 kuya ku-15. Emva kwalokho, ungakwazi ukugcoba inhlama edingekayo. Into esemqoka ukukhumbula ukuthi yikuphi ukushisa kwama-yeast okufa.

Imvubelo yesheshayo

Loluhlobo lwemikhiqizo yindlela yokuthuthukiswa yakamuva yemboni. Ifomu labo lingavamile (vermicellins encane). Imvubelo esheshayo ayidingi ukuhlanjululwa emanzini, kungcono ukungathintani liquid, ushukela nezinye ukungcola nhlobo. Lo mkhiqizo wanezelwa ngqo enhlama. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wombuso wokushisa uyanyamalala ngokwawo.

Ngukuphi ukushisa okwenziwe imvubelo yewayini efa?

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kulokhu, lo mkhiqizo uhlukile kakhulu kumabhakede ajwayelekile. Imvubelo yewayini - ama-microorganisms encane kunazo zonke ezondla ushukela, futhi utshwala obukhululekile luwumkhiqizo owenza ukuphila kwabo.

Kulesi simo, ukushisa okuhle kwesenzo sabo kungu-26 ... ama-degrees angu-30, kulesi simo bangasebenza ngokujwayelekile. Uma izinga lokushisa lingama-30 ... ama-degree angu-34, amane ayeke futhi angenzi ukuvuthwa, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa libuyela ejwayelekile, liphinde liholele umsebenzi obalulekile ngokugcwele. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, imvubelo ifa.

Imvubelo eBraga

Inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa imikhosi esikhundleni sokuthenga utshwala. Inqubo ngokwayo iyathakazelisa kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningi ezihlukene, isibonelo ukuthi yisiphi imfucumfucu yokushisa efa emgodini.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemvubelo izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingase liphakeme kancane kunenqubo yokuvuthwa ngokwayo. Ukushisa okukhulu okuvumelekile kungama-degrees angu-40, uma ngaphezulu, imvubelo iphela. Ngimaphi izinga lokushisa okufanele i-braga ikhiphe, cishe wonke umshayeli owaziwayo uyazi, kufanele kube ngumyalelo we-24 ... ama-degree angu-30. Njengase-iwayini, uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu, inqubo ivele ivele, uma kwenzeka ikhuphukela ku-40 ° C noma ngaphezulu, umkhiqizo uzobe ususwe, futhi inqubo yokuvuthwa ngokwayo ngeke isiphelele ngokuphelele, ezokwenza ithinte kakhulu izinga lomkhiqizo.

Imvubelo ye-Thermophilic

Imisebenzi minyaka yonke ivumela wonke imikhiqizo emisha enezindleko eziphansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ayihlangene nemvelo yemvelo. Imvubelo ye-Thermophilic yisibonelo esicacile. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwabo abukho lutho lwemvelo - kungumxube wamakhemikhali kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokushisa lapho kufa khona ama-thermophilic, singasho ukuthi zizinzile kakhulu futhi zikhiqiza inqubo yokuvutshelwa ngisho nase-95 ° C. Noma kunjalo, ziyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu.

Ngusiphi izinga lokushisa imvubelo ishabalaliswa ngesinkwa

Ngokuhlola okuhlukahlukene, ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi lapho isinkwa noma enye imikhiqizo yokupula ibhakwa, imvubelo ayibhubhiswanga, ihlala emkhiqizo, kuphela ihlanganiswe namaphilisi angenama-gluten.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa isikhunta alikwazi ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele, zingakwazi ukumelana nama-degree angama-500. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza kuphela kwimvubelo ye-thermophilic. Futhi kubangela umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni. Emkhiqizweni oqediwe, ku-1 cubic cm, kunezigidi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-120 zemvubelo esinda ngemuva kokubhaka.

Zonke ziyakuthinta kabi impilo, uma isikhunta sifinyelela kumuntu - baqala ukuthuthukisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwamangqamuzana kwenzeka, okuholela ekubunjweni okuvamile kwesifo esibuhlungu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izicubu ezimbi.

Ngokuqondene nemvubelo ephilayo ejwayelekile, isimo lapha sihluke ngokuphelele. Lapho ubhaka imikhiqizo yefulawa ngaphakathi kwe-crumb, ukushisa kwama-95 ... ama-98 degrees akhiwa. Imvubelo engavamile ayikwazi ukuma lokushisa bese ifa nje, kuphela amaphesenti amancane e-fungus ehlala, okungenjalo engalimazi impilo yomuntu.

Imvubelo yeBrewer

Ukushisa okungcono kokuphila kwemvubelo ku-32 ° C. Kodwa yikuphi izinga lokushisa imvubelo yebhiya efa? Kulesi simo, ukushisa okushisa kakhulu, kubhujiswa ngokuphelele uma izinga elihlala endaweni yalo liphakama ngaphezu kwamazinga angu-38.

Kumele ukukhulume ngokuhlukile ukuthi abahlukumezi abafaki umkhiqizo wabo ekushiseni okungcono kakhulu kwemvubelo yezingu-32. Into yukuthi ngo-32 ° C lo mkhiqizo ukhiqiza ukuvutshelwa, ngenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi livela futhi banephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, inani elikhulu le-acetaldehyde likhiqizwa, ngenxa yokuthi ubhiya buba yinto engafaneleki ukuphuza (iphunga elibi kakhulu futhi elimnandi).

Imvubelo yodakwa

Lolu hlobo lwemvubelo luyaqina futhi luba nobubanzi obuningi bokushisa obufanele impilo yabo. Ngimaphi izinga lokushisa okwenziwe ngotshwala, hhayi wonke umuntu owaziyo, kuba ama-degree angama-50, kuphela emva kokunqoba lo mpawu, ukukhiqizwa kotshwala akunakwenzeka.

Ukuze lo mkhiqizo usebenze ngendlela evamile, izinga lokushisa kwemvelo yalo kufanele libe ngama-29 ... ama-30 degrees. Lokhu kubhekwa njengezinga lokushisa elihle. Kodwa-ke, zingahle zithuthuke emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-+5 kuya ku-38 ° C. Emkhakheni ophakathi kuka-38 no-50 degrees imvubelo isaphila, kodwa bayeka umsebenzi wabo, kodwa uma i-degree iwa - ivuselelwa futhi izokwenza umsebenzi wayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa, ukuze izinga lokuphuza utshwala aliphansi kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Inani elikhulu labantu libhekene nemikhiqizo engayikhiqizwa uma kwakungenayo izinambuzane ezilula ezifana nemvubelo. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi imvubelo ifa nini, yikuphi ukushisa okungaba khona, futhi uma nje beyeka umsebenzi wabo obalulekile.

Ezimweni eziningi, imvubelo yokubhaka iyasinda ekushiseni kwama-42 ... ama-degrees angu-48, uma leli nani lidlulile, abaqhubeka bekhona. Uma umuntu enza iwayini, kufanele azi ukuthi ukuvutshelwa okuvamile kufanele kube yi-26 ... ama-30 degrees, futhi uma kudlula ngapha kwe-degree ye-34, imvubelo iphela.

Okufanayo kusebenza kwimvubelo ye-brewer, kuphela kuleli cala basinda ekushiseni okufika kuma-degree angu-38 futhi bazinzile.

Ngokuhlukile kufanele kubone imvubelo ye-thermophilic, iyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, ngakho-ke iyifiseleka kakhulu ukumane ungabandakanyi emikhiqizweni yakho yokudla eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa isithako esinjalo. Ezimweni eziningi, lo mkhiqizo ungatholakala ngesinkwa nangobhakabhaka, okwakhiwa ngokuzikhandla futhi kunezindleko eziphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imikhiqizo yesigaba esifanayo.