Imali oyi-Petrine Russia: uhlamvu lwemali izikali

Izinhlamvu zemali izikali ithole igama labo ngenxa ukuma. Umbala wawo okusikhumbuza amazenga enhlanzi. I kwalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla zemali kwenziwa ikakhulukazi esiliva, imali ezincane kakhulu babo - kusuka zethusi. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakukhona ishq igolide.

Usuku olunembile ukubonakala imali yamaphepha e ukusetshenziswa abavubukuli nezazi-mlando ayihlonzekanga, kodwa wavela phambi kwejoka Tatar-amaMongol. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo kokugcina waziwa - iyona kabusha yemali kaPetru mina e 1718. Ngakho-ke, umlando isikali esingaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane. Ekuqaleni, abazange babe ihlelo ethize. Inani lwemali izikali kunqunywa isisindo. izimpawu Isiliva, Yiqiniso, ithusi ezibizayo. Futhi ngempela isiliva ngesikhathi kubaluleke ephakeme kunaleyo manje. Ngalezo zinsuku, ngoba 1 igremu zegolide wavunyelwa mayelana 10 amagremu esiliva.

Coin ukukhiqizwa izikali

Njengoba zemali kwaba isisindo ezibalulekile, okuqukethwe kanye uhlobo ngizinake ngempela. Bathatha ucezu wire, uthathe yizicucu, okuyinto isicaba isitembu. Ifomu komkhiqizo uyamukela side, kufana kakhulu amazenga enhlanzi. Image of a isitembu kungaqali kufanelekile ngokuphelele. Ukuphrinta eyayibekwe ngesandla esasikuwo wawa Ukuboshelwa, nokugwala okuqukethwe kungenziwa yahlulelwe kuphela denezhek ezinye emthonjeni owodwa. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa kubangela akukho imikhiqizo ezimbili ezifanayo. Uma bentambo sasenziwe ngesiliva, uthola izinhlayiya zeqhwa uhlamvu lwesiliva. isikhulu ngamunye wayenethuba Mint, ngakho ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Njengomthetho, phezu obverse wazala igama umbusi, kube yibo lasetshenziswa isithombe esithile: Isilo wasenganekwaneni noma umgibeli ngomkhonto. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iRussia isivele obhapathiziwe, izimpawu eziningi lobuqaba zemali angabhekwa.

I kabusha yemali Elena Glinsky

Kukholakala ukuthi uhlamvu lwemali ishq ngokugcwele kumele abe nesisindo 1 igremu. Kodwa ngesikhathi ukuba khona kwalezi denezhek isisindo sabo njalo kwehle. Kamuva zemali nesisindo kuphela isigamu igremu. Qaphela ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI ekuphileni kwansuku zonke eRussia lezwakala kakhulu ezihlukahlukene imali engamaphepha. Futhi asokwe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kwathatha indawo. Ibhizinisi amadili benziwa lula. Kunesidingo wezinguquko ngenxa ukudalwa elinobunye uhlelo yemali kahulumeni. Kwadingeka ukuchitha Elena Glinsky - Umfelokazi Vasily III. imali Old yayivinjelwe, lowo omusha kungaba inyatheliswe kuphela kwesinkuntshane zenkosi. Yafundisa igama elisha - penny, kodwa ngokuvamile, zemali uzobuyisa ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo futhi ukubukeka. Abantu zisatholakala ngokuthi izikali. Kuphela manje ngokuqondene negama Emperor of Russia, isibonelo, uhlamvu-izikali Alexei Mikhailovich.

Periodization izikali zemali

zemali sidilizwa izikali phakathi ukhona, uye washintsha eziningi, okuyizinto ezihlobene ahlobene nezenzakalo ezithile eziqondile kanye nobuchwepheshe babo ukukhiqiza. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukunquma ezinye periodization. Isikhathi sokuqala - kusukela IX kanye ekuqaleni kwekhulu XII - libhekene ukungabi eRussia besizwe igolide, nesiliva, nethusi. Kabanzi zemali lesinye isizwe, futhi eyabo ngamatshe ayigugu bullion, okuyinto ubhekwa ngokuyinhloko njengomuntu lezimpahla. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakheka uhlelo yemali-enesisindo yeRussia.

Esikhathini XII ukuba XIV leminyaka, phakathi ijoka Tatar-Mongol, ukukhiqiza izinhlamvu zemali ngobuningi eyabo wayekwa.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka yesithathu - kusukela XIV nokuqala XVI ekhulwini - nokujaha banknotes Russian walulama, kodwa zonke isikhulu izinduna ozuza Mint lalo.

Isigaba sesine kuhlobene izinguquko Elena Glinsky: ngalesi sikhathi yinye kohlelo yemali eMoscow.

Isikhathi yesihlanu ngenxa yezinguquko imali esigodlweni uPetru I. Kukhona esikhundleni esikalini imali, libhalwe phezu imishini. Ziyakwazi emikhulu isisindo elibonakalayo. Uhlelo idesimali angakahleleki.

numismatists

Kusukela izikali akuyo yonke indawo, ukubaluleka kwazo kuxhomeke ezindabeni zemali eziningi kanjani ethize emakethe, kanye metal kusukela lapho kwenziwa. Intengo endalini inebanga kuhle ebanzi: 140 ruble 7000. I eyigugu kakhulu kukhona izikhulu uhlamvu lwemali, ngenxa yokuthi izimali ezinjalo ziye bethola ngokuvamile too. Uma uhlangabezana, isimo sabo ezibuhlungu kakhulu. Yaziswa kakhulu ikota ngemali ingxenye yemali, ngoba kukhona la zemali futhi ezingavamile kakhulu. Amaphesenti wabo nasengcebweni misela lincane kakhulu.