Ezimayini - isihluthulelo inhlalakahle Russia

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iRussia fabulously ocebile amaminerali, eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule ngazo thina wayenolwazi oluncane kakhulu. UMbuso cishe engakaze afunda, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa amazwe ezazivela ngaphandle. England eyenziwa kwamalahle Morocco baletha umquba phosphate, eJalimane uthenge umanyolo.

Kusukela 30s, iSoviet Union emikhulu ukuhlola umonakalo futhi ezimayini omningi. Ekupheleni ukhona, iSoviet Union kwaba umholi wezwe ekukhombeni ukunqwabelana izidubedube nokwehluka yabo.

Isimo namuhla

Iningi kwemithombo yemvelo kweSoviet Union, i-Russia ngofuzo, futhi okwamanje kuba ezweni elicebile kakhulu izinto amaminerali emhlabeni. Ochwepheshe ezilinganisela uhlole kwemithombo yemvelo ensimini yayo 27 izindodla zezimali.

Kulo lonke ikhulu lama-20, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ungene ngesiwombe sesibili, kancane kancane anda izimayini eRussia. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1990, amafutha aqala ukukhiqiza izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-4.3, kanye negesi yemvelo - izikhathi 26.7. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, it lenyuka production nsimbi cishe 2.7 izikhathi, amalahle - izikhathi 1.3. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngesikhathi komnotho kanye ivolumu zokukhiqiza ezweni yehlile, Russia usalokhu izikhundla ehamba phambili emhlabeni ngokuya zokukhiqiza igesi, amalahle, uwoyela, itshe-nsimbi.

Namuhla, i-Russia ubhekwa ebaluleke kakhulu amandla yezimayini emhlabeni. Izimayini, naphezu kobunzima abaningi baqhubeka umkhakha sasivumela ochumayo.

Inkinga eyinhloko ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa embonini yezimayini, iyona ababuthakathaka ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye nokuntuleka ubuchwepheshe yesimanje lokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa phansi, okuholela predominance bemvelo engahleliwe nokuthengiswa.

ukusatshalaliswa engalingani kwemithombo yemvelo

Imali ye izidubedube ensimini ka Russia zabiwa Ukuboshelwa kakhulu. Inani elikhulu kubo zitholakala eSiberia, lapho ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi ithala yezwe. Kulapha ugxilisa ezimayini ezinkulu.

Cishe ingxenye yesithathu wonke umnotho wokumbiwa phansi yezwe itholakala Western eSiberia, ikota - eMpumalanga. Kusukela ngomhlaka 8 kuya ku-12% reserves kwakhona ku iVolga, Urals, North futhi izifunda Far Eastern kwezomnotho. Labanye izidubedube Russian abacebile.

Ubani ovumelekile kukhishwe amaminerali?

Ukuze athobele izithakazelo zezwe kwemayini eRussia Kwenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka umtsetfo lokhona futhi kuhambisana nazo zonke izimfuneko zawo eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa ingaphakathi wezwe. Ukunikeza ilungelo lokusebenzisa izidubedube wakhipha imvume ekhethekile.

Ngaphansi komthetho federal, ilayisensi for the isizinda amaminerali elinikezwayo kuphela emkhakheni ababedlula luhlolo isimo. Ugunyata wena ukucinga lwentuthuko ensimini, ezinye izinhlobo esibekiwe umsebenzi. Ukukhishwa kwelayisensi Federal Agency for kugcwele Sebenzisa.