I lokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki yezakhamuzi

lokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki - esigabeni kuyinto kubenzima nokunenjongo. Litjho, okokuqala kunakho konke, umsebenzi noma yokungasebenzi we umuntu othile noma iqembu emphakathini.

lokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki ngomqondo ovamile - iqembu noma izenzo yangasese okuhloswe ngaso ezinomthelela amandla, noma ngabe yini izinga kuba. Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje, lokhu mkhuba kubhekwa okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi multidimensional. Kuhlanganisa inombolo enkulu amasu ezisiza ukuthonya uhulumeni. Ukubamba iqhaza izakhamuzi ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, degree of umsebenzi kuxhomeke ezicini bemvelo kwezenhlalo, ngokwengqondo, zamasiko, zomlando, kwezomnotho noma ezinye. Umuntu ekuthola lokho uma ungena esisemthethweni, ubudlelwane ehlelekile ngamaqembu ahlukene noma nabanye abantu.

iqhaza kutembusave ezintathu izinhlobo:

• equlekile (non-free), okusho ukuthi umuntu ukuthi kusekelwe ukuphoqa, noma isiko isenzo nokuguqulwa;
• bengazi, kodwa futhi okungezona khulula, lapho umuntu uphoqelekile ukuba enenjongo ulandele eminye imithetho, nemigomo;
• bayazi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo khulula, okungukuthi, umuntu okwaziyo ukwenza ukukhetha bebodwa, ngaleyo ndlela ekwandiseni imikhawulo amakhono abo e kwezombangazwe.

Sidney Verba futhi Gabriel Almond nesifanekiso theory lepolitiki. I zezombusazwe kweqhaza Uhlobo lokuqala abizwa ngokuthi parokialnym, okusho ukuthi elinganiselwe izithakazelo aphansi; Uhlobo lwesibili - poddannicheskoj nowesithathu - iqhaza. Futhi, lezi ososayensi baye bathola izinhlobo zesikhashana womsebenzi, obuhlanganisa netimphawu tetinhlobo amabili angomakhelwane.

lokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki futhi izinhlobo zawo ishintsha njalo. Ukuthuthukisa imibono yakhe endala, futhi entsha nganoma iyiphi inqubo zenhlalakahle kanye zomlando eyigugu. Lena ushintsho amaphuzu kuyiqiniso kakhulu, ezifana ezweni kusukela lapho sebebuswa inkosi kodwa aba maningi kusuka yokuntuleka izinhlangano ezifana ngokuzijamela amalungiselelo koloni ukuba intando yeningi kusukela authoritarianism, nokunye. D. Ekhulwini 18-19 ngemuva kwe-sesimanje jikelele senzeka kanye ukunwetshwa lokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki ezahlukene amaqembu kanye nezigaba sabantu.

Njengoba umsebenzi wabantu kunqunywa izici eziningi, kanye ngezigaba iyunifomu amafomu yayo alikho. Omunye wabo lihlongoza lokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• esisemthethweni (ukhetho, uhlu lwezikhalazo, imiboniso kanye nemihlangano, esihlelwe neziphathimandla) kanye engumlanjwana (ubuphekula, Icebo lika, ukuvukelwa kombuso noma ezinye izinhlobo yokungalaleli izakhamuzi ');
• eyisakhiwo (nokuhlanganyela emsebenzini wamavoti party) kanye non-izikhungo (amaqembu ukuthi unemigomo zezombusazwe futhi ayibonwa ngumthetho, iziyaluyalu mass);
• nge uhlamvu zendawo nezikazwelonke.

Typology angase abe ezinye izinketho. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kumelwe bahlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

- lokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki kufanele uboniswe ngesimo isenzo, hhayi nje ezingeni umzwelo;

- kumele kube yokuzithandela (ngaphandle kwezempi, ukukhokha intela noma ukubonakaliswa samaholide ngaphansi kobushiqela);

- njengoba kulindeleke kuphothulwe ukukhetha yangempela, ukuthi akuyona ukuba ngamanga, kodwa ngempela.

Abanye ososayensi, kuhlanganise Lipset futhi Huntington bakholelwa ukuthi uhlobo iqhaza ngqo ehlaselwe uhlobo wezombusazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kwenzeka ama-apharathasi yeningi ngokuzithandela futhi autonomously. Futhi lapho kombuso wobushiqela zezombusazwe iqhaza luphumelele, ophoqelelwe, lapho kuhileleke uquqaba ngokomfanekiso kuphela, ukuba balingise amandla ukwesekwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi kungase kubangele ukuba sisibheke ngisho Psychology amaqembu kanye nabantu. A esicacile sokuthi lena wobushiqela kanye kobushiqela zilwane.