Yokugoma Live inactivated. Inactivated wokugoma uvendle: imiyalelo, ukuxakeka. wokugoma Inactivated - kungcono ...

A wokugoma (inactivated), - umuthi ehlanganisa izinhlayiya viral kwanda isiko, okuyinto baqothulwa indlela yokwelashwa ezishisayo kanye isenzo ubuthi cell (formaldehyde). amagciwane ezinjalo cultured endaweni lab ukuze kuncishiswe antigenicity futhi ezibhekwa non-esithathelanayo (ayikwazi liyochukuluza isifo). yokugoma Killed kuhluke umthamo ezincane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa bukhoma, kodwa yesibili ifomu ekuphathweni amasosha omzimba sasivumela eqinile.

Njengoba umgomo we lelungiselelwe

Ukwakha kwabo, njengoba umthetho, wasebenzisa amagciwane epizootic enonya, okuyinto babhekana uhlanzekile uyazonga (inactivation), kunalokho kuholela ekulahlekelweni ungalungiseki virus ezifweni nokuzala (ukuphindaphinda), kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ayagcinwa izici zayo immunogenic futhi antigenic. Ngakho-ke, kufanele abulawe nucleic acid (ufuzo viral), okuyindawo ehlanganisa wokugoma (inactivated) - kuyinto imvelo lapho proliferates kahle.

Futhi, kufanele azishintshwanga polysaccharides, amaprotheni glycoproteins igciwane, ngoba yokusabela ukuzivikela incike lwalezozinto igciwane capsid. Ngenxa yalokho, ulahlekelwa ikhono nokuzala kanye nezifo, kodwa kugcina luvelo kusebenze kubantu nasezilwaneni izici ejwayelekile bangangenwa yilesi sifo.

Ubuciko umkhiqizo nomuthi

Ukudala wokugoma inactivated iqala ukukhethwa uhlobo ukukhiqizwa igciwane, isiko, futhi inqwaba yalo ku ebucayi izakhiwo begazi (cell isiko, izilwane, imibungu yezinyoni). Khona-ke feedstock igciwane-aqukethe is phansi uhlanzekile futhi uhlanganise ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene (centrifugation ultra-, filtration, njll).

A wokugoma (inactivated) - kuba nawukuthi saturation, viral ukuhlanzwa ejenti. Le nqubo iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba wabhubhisa igciwane akusho ukusakaza emzimbeni, futhi ukusabela eqinile yokuzivikela kuyadingeka ukwethula semali impahla ezibangelwa amagciwane. Virus ukumiswa alunge kusukela isikebhe sizinze izinto (lipids izinsalela izakhiwo amaselula, amaprotheni-non-viral), okuyinto sithwale umthwalo owengeziwe amasosha omzimba umzimba futhi ngokuyinhloko ukunciphisa umfutho kanye nobuntu izimpendulo zokuzivikela.

Ngazuza ngemva ukugcwaliswa kanye ukuhlanzwa ukumiswa igciwane-aqukethe is phansi inactivation. Endabeni ikakhulukazi nolaka ukwelashwa igciwane inactivation ekulandulayo senzo. Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba sicabangele ukuthi izinto isikebhe sizinze iphazamise inqubo inactivation.

Lapho wokugoma Umkhuhlane senziwa (inactivated), isibonelo, iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu kuba kukhethwa inactivator kanye inactivation i indawo ekahle, ukuze lokho kwenzeke kwakuzodingeka ukunqabela ngokuphelele transmissibility igciwane kunabo ukonga antigenicity. Kodwa design inactivating ukusabela kabi afunda, futhi isicelo sabo ngokuvamile zokuhlola.

Izakhiwo yokugoma inactivated

Ngokuba nokuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ukusetshenziswa okuhle yokugoma inactivated, okuyinto eziningana aphakeme ukuphila. Okukhulu funa ukukhiqiza - ikhwalithi kanye nenani antigen viral, ukukhethwa inactivator ofanele futhi izimo inactivation. Igama elithi "inactivated" libhekisela amagciwane zokuphila okuqondene isixazululo izidakamizwa.

yokugoma Live inactivated anesizotha kuvuna kusuka amagciwane ekuphikisweni ngokunamandla ngokubhubhisa ubuthi emzimbeni futhi amakhemikhali ngenkathi esaziwa immunogenicity by. Le mithi kufanele kungenangozi futhi ukuba antigen amaningi viral ukuba liyochukuluza ukukhiqizwa impendulo futhi omzimba ukuzivikela. Inkambo evamile yokugoma eyinhloko lomjovo 2-3. Esikhathini esizayo, kungase kudingeke booster isibhamu ukusekela amasosha omzimba.

Yini banayo nemiphumela ethile engathandeki

yokugoma Inactivated babe ngokuya izimfanelo azizange zishintshe, ngaphandle ukuthi aphephile. Zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngenjongo zokuvimbela ekukhiqizeni nezindawo ezingase zibe yingozi. Nokho, lezi imithi kuhluke kwezinye minuses:

• ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa yabo luyindida kakhulu, futhi lokhu kungenxa isidingo ukuthola eside igciwane-aqukethe feedstock ukugcwaliswa antigen yokuhlanza inactivation zofuzo viral, kanye ukufakwa nokwakheka adjuvants wokugoma;
• kwesinye isikhathi baxabane nomzimba okubangelwa lokugoma booster;
• udinga ukujova ezingaphezu kwesisodwa futhi ukuphuza amaphilisi amaningi;
• wokugoma (inactivated) - lena ababuthakathaka Ukuvikelwa stimulator umzimba, ngenxa lezi ukumelana we wokugaya ukudla ipheshana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye izindima engenhla zokuphefumula avele esingaphansi ngemva ukusetshenziswa yokugoma bukhoma;
• angasetshenziswa parenterally kuphela;
• izidakamizwa enganele ntombazane amasosha omzimba isikhathi eside futhi okukhulu kuka nge imigomo bukhoma.

Kuyini uvendle futhi kanjani ukuthi kuziveza?

Poliomyelitis kuyinto acute igciwane lohlobo ohlasela isimiso sezinzwa (umgogodla intambo izidakamizwa kungenambala). Qala avele ukukhubazeka flaccid, ikakhulukazi wemikhawulo aphansi. amacala angeziwe okunzima umgogodla intambo izilonda kuholele ekuboshweni zokuphefumula. Futhi nangu umjovo uvendle inactivated ngeke akwazi ukukusiza.

Emtholampilo, kungenzeka lesi sifo ephelezelwa ukwanda lokushisa, imisipha nekhanda kumiswa obengeziwe baxhashazwe. Ukugula sisuka komunye umuntu nge sneezing, ingxoxo ngokusebenzisa amanzi, izinto ezingcolile, kanye nokudla. Imbangela yale ukutheleleka abhekwa iyagula. Lesifo zisakazeka ngokushesha, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kwaba uvendle kwenzeka uma ukulungiswa isivele kunjalo lokuqala ukukhubazeka.

Isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni bayashintshana ekufukameleni ukugula nezifo phambi ukubonakala izimpawu zokuqala ihlala amasonto 1-2 kungase futhi kube kusuka 4 kuya 40 izinsuku. Igciwane lingena emzimbeni nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kwamathumbu noma nasopharynx, ezifuywa khona, bese ufaka egazini, ukufinyelela emsipheni umgogodla, amangqamuzana obuchopho, uzichithe. Ngakho, kukhona ukukhubazeka.

Ukugonywa uvendle ezinganeni

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lesi sifo singumbulali igciwane lohlobo lwe yisimangaliso, ezithinta nje la magciwane abekho. imithi kuphela ngempumelelo ukuvimbela ukugula - ngokugoma.

Ukuvimbela uvendle, izindlela ezimbili ezisetshenziswa:

• WoVendle Vaccine (IPV), equkethe isifo efile futhi zasendle uhlobo amagciwane owethulwa esebenzisa umjovo;
• bukhoma temlomo uvendle wokugoma (OPV), okuyinto has ababuthakathaka Ushintshe amagciwane bukhoma (uketshezi aconsa emlonyeni).

akhawunti Le mikhiqizo 3 izinhlobo uvendle igciwane, okusho ukuthi ukuvikela ngokumelene nabo bonke ongakhetha inikezwe ukutheleleka. Nokho, it is hhayi kukhiqizwa eRussia uvendle wokugoma, kodwa kukhona imithi angaphandle "Imovaks Uvendle", kuhambisana kahle ngokuxhunyelelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inactivated wokugoma uvendle kusho kufakwe "Tetrakok" (yokuxhuma nomuthi yokuvimbela pertussis, idiphtheria nomhlathi-ngqi). Zombili lezi zimali zisetshenziselwa ngaphandle ukwephula imithetho ukuhweba futhi abazali babo. yokugoma ababhekene nesimo esinje kungabaduduza iqondiswa kanyekanye ne immunoglobulin.

Inactivated wokugoma uvendle: imiyalelo

Enye izidakamizwa ezifana ikhiqizwa ewuketshezi, emaphaketheni kuyinto dispenser isipetu ka 0.5 ml. Umzila yokuphathwa - umjovo. Ukuba izinsana izinyanga 18 umjovo kwenziwa phansi kwesikhumba ku Undercut ehlombe noma ethangeni intramuscularly. Izingane ezindadlana - kuphela esifundeni ehlombe. Azikho Izimo maqondana isikhathi isiphuzo reception, kungekho ukudla.

Imiphumela emzimbeni

Ngemva ukwethulwa wokugoma uvendle zigonywe at 5-8% kungenziwa bephawula ukusabela wendawo (lena akuyona inkinga ukuxhumelela) njengoba ububomvu kanye edema, elingekho ngaphezu kuka 10 cm ububanzi. Kuphela 1-5% of amacala kutholwa ukusabela ezivamile vaccinal njengoba ukwanda yesikhashana elincane lokushisa, ngokomzwelo umntwana ezingu-1-2 ngemuva ngokugoma.

Izidakamizwa "Imovaks Uvendle"

Leli thuluzi isetshenzisiwe eRussia ngempumelelo. Imijovo yokugoma siyingcuba, ngisho izingane yezifo pheshana emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo uvendle (inactivated) ihlukaniswe yaba 4 izigaba umjovo: 3, 4, kanye nezinyanga ezingu-6. I 18 kuyinto booster.

ingane kuwo njengenkulumo ukuba ezithathelwanayo kwabanye. Nokho, kungcono ukunciphisa khona layo ezindaweni zomphakathi phakathi nesonto ngemva lokugoma, ngoba ingane buthaka igciwane kungathelela ezinye ukutheleleka. Umjovo senziwa ethangeni noma ingalo. Ububomvu esifundeni isimiso sokuqondisa 'Imovaksa "kuyinto evamile, futhi izinga lokushisa ngenxa yokugoma lingafika ku-degree 39 nangaphezulu.

Inactivated wokugoma uvendle: Izinkinga

Kufakiwe ezinye zezinkinga ezenzeka ngemva lokugoma ngemithi eziyinkimbinkimbi "Infanrix Hexa", "Pentaxim", "Infanrix IPV", "Tetrakok":

• abezindaba otitis;
• ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• amazinyo futhi stomatitis;
• evuvukele zamanzi;
• ukukhathazeka;
• silume ukuqubuka kwesikhumba;
• ukushaqeka anaphylactic;
• emizweni buhlungu futhi induration ngesikhathi zone umjovo;
• thuthuva ubuthongo;
• yezifo engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula;
• imfiva, izinyathelo zalo zibe;
• Angioedema;
• isicanucanu;
• isifo sohudo,
• ukuhlanza;
• engavamile ukukhala;
• ukwandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba.

Ngokuvamile kukhona izinkinga, futhi kwandisa umthwalo ohlelweni yokuvikela izingane, lapho kuba lo uvendle wokugoma kanye DTP. Ukusabela kungatholakala kokubili ngokuchitha amaconsi futhi kwezimali pertussis-ngqi.

Izimo

wokugoma Uvendle - lokhu akulona wokugoma amarabi isiko (inactivated) elenziwe ngamarabi isilwane. Lena ngokuyinhloko ikhambi, ukuvikela ingane kusukela ukukhubazeka okwengeziwe futhi mhlawumbe nokufa. Ngaphambi nje kokuba uPawulu lokugoma kuyadingeka ukuvakashela udokotela wezingane ukuthatha isiqondiso sakhe phezu ukuhlaziywa jikelele umchamo futhi igazi, bese uzibeke umtholampilo wezokwelapha. Ngokusekelwe cwaningo esenziwe udokotela wokuhlola kanye umntwana uzokutshela uma ayengase akwazi ukukhiqiza umuthi wokugomela okwamanje. Yokugoma imikhawulo zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuncipha kwamanzi.
2. ukutheleleka ezinzima noma exacerbation of ezingamahlalakhona.
3. teething.
4. Immunodeficiency (wehlise kunombolo leukocyte).
5. Hypersensitivity ukuze izithako.
6. Acute ukusabela ukuvuvukala noma iyiphi ingxenye exacerbation yayo.
7. Neoplasms we hematopoietic futhi lymphoid.

Ngemva kokubhekana kokuthola isifo esibi noma okubi kakhulu yayo ukwenza umgomo ingane yakho ingaba ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-14 kusukela ngosuku igazi ikhambi ngamazinga evamile. I Izimo efanayo ezimweni lapho impilo yengane, kodwa isifo esithathelwanayo abangenwe omunye yasendlini. Ngenxa yalokho kwezidakamizwa abaphathi (futhi lapho inactivated yokugoma - zazazi bonke) izingane kudingeka ngesonto ukuyeka ukubhala yokudla esilandelayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe

Abantu abangakaze zigonyelwe uvendle (kungakhathaliseki ubudala) ukuhlupheka ne immunodeficiency angaba kusuka izingane zigonywe egula poliomyelitis wokugoma-ezihambisana (VAP). Kukhona amacala lapho ingane itheleleke kubazali zigonywe ngubani bane-Aids noma HIV, kanye nezihlobo ne kwamasosha omzimba kokuqala noma labo izidakamizwa ukuthi abhubhise isimiso sokuzivikela somzimba (ukwelapha izifo oncological).

Umgomo wokulwa nezifo ezifana novendle, uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele futhi wonke amazinga, kuzosiza ingane ethambile simelane ukugula yingozi nje futhi sinamandla. Futhi, ngakho-ke, uyokwenza ingane namandla, wayenza lukhuni umzimba wakhe futhi ukuvikela abazali kusuka iningi nobunzima imizwa, ngokuvamile kudingeke sikhuthazelele umndeni ingane egulayo kakhulu.