Efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo ukuhlaziywa jikelele: kwezinkambiso ku amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ukubala ingane, futhi erythrocyte sedimentation izinga

Ukusungulwa cishe kunoma iyiphi uphethwe iqala ukuhlaziya jikelele blood donation. ewusizo Ikakhulukazi ulwazi yayo ukuze kuhlonzwe izifo ezinganeni. Ngakho, emagama yokuhlaziya jikelele kusiza ukusungula ukuhlukumeza wemithetho leukocyte egazini wengane, ngokuvumelana nenani namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ukubala platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation izinga, i-hemoglobin.

erythrocyte

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, indlela ukuwuqonda isivivinyo igazi akunzima kangako. Into yokuqala ukuthi ngokuvamile uwela umbono kadokotela, - yizinga kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Lezi zingxenye zidlala indima ebalulekile, ngoba sibonga kubo bunikezwa inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula. Bathwala oxygen ukuze nalowo mtimba futhi wonke amangqamuzana omzimba, futhi nge pick up-carbon dioxide. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo aqukethe. Norm walokho okubomvu egazi incike yobudala. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane kusukela ngonyaka owodwa kufanele kube hhayi ningi than 3,6-4,9 × 10¹² amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngesilinganiso ilitha igazi. Ukwehliswa egazi ebonisa ukuntula yensimbi, amaprotheni, noma B12. Isamba ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu angase-signal amanzi emzimbeni, izifo ezingelapheki wenhliziyo noma inombolo ukungadli ukuhambahamba emgwaqweni.

platelet

Igazi ekunqandeni inikezwa yi-platelet. Lezi zingxenye ukuqeda ukopha okungapheli. isilinganiso sabo ingane ezingaphansi konyaka 100-420 × 10 ⁹ ilitha. Ukwandisa inani zegazi ngokuvamile lezivakashi lesibonisa ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile noma yensimbi ukuntula. Uma inkomba anda ngokucacile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokho kungase kubonise ukuthi thrombocytosis. inombolo ezinganele elandayo lalezi zinhlobo iyisici kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ngisho nenxeba ezincane kungaholela ekulahlekelweni emikhulu yegazi. Thrombocytopenia kungase kubonise umlando yezifo ezithathelwanayo noma ukudakwa.

leukocyte

The main umsebenzi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi - Ukuvikelwa. Lawa izakhi ukuthi benze ngokushesha kakhulu hypothermia, ukutheleleka, ukukhathala, iguliswa nezinqubo ukuvuvukala. Kusukela ngineminyaka engu-engaphansi leukocyte kuyinsakavukela egazini izingane. Ngakho, ngosuku lokuqala lokuzalwa izinyanga 6, inombolo zokhahlamba kusuka 8 kuya 25, kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya onyakeni - 6-12, futhi ngonyaka - 5-12. Ukukhulisa amazinga leukocyte egazini ingane libizwa leukocytosis. Isizathu salokhu mkhuba, ikakhulukazi, kuyinto ukuvuvukala, nakuba nje ukwenyuka kancane inamba yezimo nangemva umsebenzi, futhi ngisho kwasemini eqotho. Ukwehlisa amazinga leukocyte egazini ingane ngokuthi leukopenia. Ubende okwenzeka ngenxa yezifo, uhlelo endocrine, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside izidakamizwa nokunye. N. Ukuze izinhlangano zikwazi ukusungula i ukuxilongwa udokotela olunembile ihlola hhayi kuphela ezingeni amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kodwa isilinganiso izingxenye zawo eziyinhloko (lymphocyte, ama-neutrophil monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, basophils).

ESR

Ukuze uthole ukuthi Lukhulu kangakanani ukuvuvukala, sizohlaziya lo ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). ngesilinganiso 4-12 mm / h wayo. inkomba Omkhulu kungase kubonise ukudakwa noma sezinso.

elithwala umoya-mpilo

Jikelele ukuhlaziywa igazi kusikisela ingane futhi ukukhomba ezingeni elithwala umoya-mpilo, okuyinto unomthwalo ukondliwa kwesizwe amangqamuzana ngamanye. Ngokuvamile, kuba 110-135 g / l. Ngaphansi kwalo egazini kubonisa ukopha noma unenkinga yegazi eliphansi. Ngokweqile - kwi ukuqina ngegazi elalisesandleni yena, kubangela ukuhlanza, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, ileus, njll ...