Mehmed VI Vahideddin - kombusi zokugcina yoMbuso WaseTurkey

Mehmed VI is njengoba Sultan eyaziwa yoMbuso WaseTurkey, okwaphela wokubusa lwamakhosi yakhe. Ukuze sobukhosi wahlala ngezinqe njengombusi waleli wamashumi amathathu nesithupha. Iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe - 1861-1926, ngesikhathi kubusa - 1918-1922. Uyise wayengumGreki Abdul-Majid Eyokuqala, okuyinto uyekile kube Umbusi kusukela 1861. Kodwa ngamandla wesithupha Mehmed beza kuphela emva kweminyaka ngamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe, ithela yena abameleli ezine uhlobo: omunye umalume nabafowethu abathathu.

Amadlozi yoMbuso wase-Ottoman lwamakhosi

Mehmed VI Vahideddin, ogama biography kubhekwa esihlokweni, wayengumzukulu lwamakhosi endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Ottoman lwamakhosi yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nane. Ngokusho kweminye yemicimbi yemihla Turkish legends, okhokho lolu hlobo avela ngisho ngaphambili.

Labo abaqala kokunqotshwa, kwakheka yoMbuso WaseTurkey, kubhekwa Osman Gazi kuqala. Wabusela esikhathini kusuka 1281 kuya 1324, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, wembelwa hhayi ethuneni e Bursa. Le ndawo iyisikhungo yokugogobala amaSulumane. Zonke okwalandela sultans yoMbuso WaseTurkey okushiwo umthandazo ethuneni Osman at ukubusa okwakufanele abe inkosi. Washayela ukukhuthaza ubulungiswa futhi ube izimfanelo efanayo umbusi wokuqala.

Isimo e-Empire ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe Sesithupha Mehmed

Ngu-1909, ukubusa Sultan Abdul-Hamid II liketulwa. Ngakho-ke akabange esaba khona ngo kwamakhosi ngokuphelele umbuso ngezikhali. Amandla wayeke bamukwa amalungelo abo kumfowabo wagudluzwa umbusi Mehmed wesihlanu. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe, isimo isimo saqala ukwehla ngokushesha kakhudlwana. Ngakho, ngo-1918 isimo kuleli zwe kwakunzima kakhulu.

Ngaphambi Mehmed VI waba umbusi wawo umbuso iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu esibucayi, futhi iye yaba nesandla ezimpini eziningana.

Impi nge yoMbuso WaseTurkey:

1. Italo-Turkish aphethwe kusuka 1911 kuya 1912.
2. I Baltic neMpi wawuqala 1911 kuya 1913.
3. Umhlaba (e umfelandawonye eJalimane) kusukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-1918.

Konke lokhu sina buthaka isimo.

IBhodi Mehmed Sixth

I last WaseTurkey Sultan Mehmed VI baba Vahideddin ezathatha sobukhosi ngo-1918. Ngalesi sikhathi eneminyaka engu ngamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe, futhi lo mthetho emabangeni yokugcina Okokuqala Umhlaba, okuyinto sina buthaka ke.

Ibutho Turkish waphoqeleka ukuba alwe nezimpi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi selikhathele. Sultan wayesaba ayenawo, ngakho wafuna ukufinyelela kuthula kanye Entente Amandla. Ukuthula Mudros kwaba disadvantageous kakhulu uMbuso:

• ibutho demobilized;
• yempi owayezinikele oMfelandawonye;
• Istanbul futhi Anatolia matasa amasosha aseBrithani, eFrance, eGreece,
• ukulawula sisebunzimeni, ezokuxhumana, ojantshi wathola iBrithani neFrance.

izakhamizi Turkish kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa amabutho akwelinye izwe. Empeleni, lokhu kwaba sekupheleni yoMbuso WaseTurkey.

Ngo-December 1918, Sesithupha Mehmed ziyoncibilika ephalamende. Uhulumeni wakhe omusha kwaba unodoli iziphathimandla umsebenzi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wakhe waqala, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, ngubani kudala njengoba 1919 uye wagxila amandla ayo cishe lonke izwe.

Ngo-March 1920, lesi sinqumo Sultan wavumelana lokufikela amasosha aseBrithani iConstantinople. Idolobhana kwathiwa ehlasela futhi uhulumeni siphela. Kodwa Mustafa Kemal Pasha kwakhiwa uhulumeni wakhe. amabutho Kemalist ayikwazanga niwunqobe iyiphi impi ngesiGreki, noma Khilafat.

ukuqedwa we Sultanate

10/01/1922 Majlis waphasisa umthetho ku division of the sultanate futhi sompristi. I Sultanate uyekwa. Lokhu uqeda indaba yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Empire, eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-anamakhulu mathandathu.

Mehmed VI ngokusemthethweni wahlala Umbusi kuze 16/10/1922 kuze ebuzwa iziphathimandla waseBrithani uzamsusa iConstantinople. Wayiswa Malta phezu yempi yaseBrithani "Malaya", futhi ngosuku kamuva lo Majlis bancishwa isihloko nombaleki ka Umbusi wamaSulumane.

Kusukela ngo-October 1923 Turkey limenyezelwe republic futhi baba nombusi walo, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, yibo bonke njengoba Ataturk.

Ngemva pilgrimage naseMecca ngo-1923, i-sultan wangaphambili wathuthela e-Italy. Washona ngemva kweminyaka emithathu e San Remo. Bammbela eDamaseku.

Umndeni nezingane

Mehmed VI ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe wayenabafazi abahlanu esisemthethweni. Ngu Emine Nazikedy wabonakala ekukhanyeni namadodakazi amabili: Fatma Ulvie, Rukie Sabiha. Kusukela Shadii Myuveddet Sultan Mehmet Ertuğrul indodana. On the Unkosikazi wesihlanu Nimed Nevzad izingane ngesikhathi Sultan wayengekho.

Nge umbusi Seniey Inchiri ohlukanisile ngo-1909, futhi Aysha Leilan Nevvare ukuba nihlukane ngo-1924.

Kwenzekani omkhaya wakhe nabantu abaseduze baphepha Umbusi wamaSulumane?

Dynasty emva 1922

Ngo-March 1924, umthetho owaphasiswa Turkey, lapho abameleli impahla yomndeni Kwadliwa Osmanov. I last WaseTurkey Sultan Mehmet VI - kungesilo kuphela kwadingeka balishiye leli zwe. I ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe washo nokungaphezu amalungu eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu nanhlanu nezingokwenyama zomkhaya wakhe. Labo babe nelungelo lokuqala ukuba ngokulandelana, ngamacala inikezwe amabili nane amahora ayisikhombisa nambili. Ezinye izindaba zika-umndeni ufake isimo ukushiya Turkey zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi. Amakhosikazi nezihlobo ezikude banikwa ngakwesokudla ukuze uhlale ezweni. Esiteshini sesitimela e Istanbul phakathi ngoMashi 5 no-15 kuleyo naleyo abameleli yoMbuso wase-Ottoman lwamakhosi enanikelwa passport futhi isibalo namamane * ayizinkulungwane ezimbili British. Ngemva kwalokho, base bafakwa isitimela Bamukwa yisakhamuzi Turkish.

Isiphetho ilungu Osmanov umndeni ngamunye uye wazakhela ngendlela yalo. Abanye bafa indlala nobumpofu, abanye baye bazivumelanisa ukuphila kwabantu abavamile emazweni ibutho labo. Kukhona nababethi bakwazi ukuza kanye nabamele imikhaya yasebukhosini bakwamanye amazwe, njenge-Indiya nase-Egypt.

uhulumeni Turkish livunyelwe ukuba libuyele abameleli zesifazane lwamakhosi ekhaya zamashumi amahlanu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Amadoda avunyelwa ukuba angene kuleli zwe kuphela ngemva 1974. Ngesikhathi abaningi uhlobo Ottoman wayeshone kakade.

I last ozalweni Osman kubhekwe Ertogrud Osman, owashona ngo-2009. Ngo-2012, wafa Nazlishah Sultan, ogama Umkhulu kwaba Mehmed VI Vahideddin (Sultan Osman). Kuye eyaziwa ukuthi wazalwa ngaphambi yoMbuso WaseTurkey lase liwile.

Nokho, iyaqhubeka nokuba khona Imperial Indlu Osman. Kuze kube manje, ikhanda lakhe iyona Bayezid Osman Efendi.