Ukuvukela Inhlupheko: Imithelela

Emlandweni Russia walilondoloza inkumbulo yokuphazamiseka abantu abaningi sika esiholela ukuvukela evulekile. Ngokuvamile, ziba ifomu yokukhuluma bekhalaza yomphakathi, izimpande yabo babesendle ububi izinhlelo ke evelele kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Kodwa phakathi kwabo kwakukhona lokwentiwako, okwakukhona kulo izinto ngesikhathi osithandayo isixuku yokusabela kuya izenzo onamawala futhi ngezinye izikhathi lobugebengu iziphathimandla. On ezimbili zalezi iziqephu, indaba uya kulesi sihloko.

Yaqala kanjalo-ke le eMoscow isifo mutiny

Unyaka 1770 kwenzakala kube okwethusayo lokuqala eRussia - kwaba nenye impi Russian-Turkish. Kodwa eMoscow ke ahlasela sokuhlupheka, okuyinto kwakunzima azicabange. Yaqala lapho yokuthi isibhedlela samasosha yafakwa Lefortovo Sloboda, waletha eyayilimele isikhulu phambi. kwakungenakwenzeka ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa akazange avume ukufa kusukela amanxeba akhe - zonke izimpawu ukuthi imbangela yokufa yisifo. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Kwakwethusa, ngoba ngalezo zinsuku odokotela ayefana engenamandla phezu isifo futhi kubhubhane okwabulala izinkulungwane zabantu.

Vele ngemuva kwekutsi lesisebenti wafa udokotela wamphatha, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwenye abantu amabili nanhlanu owayehlala nazo ndlininye naye. Izimpawu babe zonke efanayo, futhi aqede noma yikuphi ukungabaza ukuthi kufanele silindele ukuba kuqale umqedazwe emikhulu wesifo. Ezethusayo, kodwa kuningi ngakho-ke kwakungeyona indawo okuvela kuyivelakancane kulezi zinsuku lesi sifo phakathi nempi Russian-Turkish. Kuyaziwa ukuthi mows nebutho kokubili Russian futhi Turkish zingawuhawukeli nabakhileyo emazweni Black Sea.

Ukubhebhetheka okwalandela ubhubhane

Ukulandela kokugqashuka yayo yabhaliswa Mashi, 1771 ngesikhathi yendwangu isigayo ezinkulu, manje ukhonza. Yena zomakhelwane esikhathini esifushane abantu abangaba yikhulu wafa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo mqedazwe uthethe ngesimo ngendathane elahlasela eMoscow. Usuku ngalunye oludlulayo ke kukalwa ukuze ngo-August, izinga lokufa ifinyelele izinkulungwane zabantu ngosuku.

Umuzi waqala ukwethuka. Amabhokisi azanele, futhi abafileyo kwalethwa emathuneni, kokuba ukulayishwa ezinqoleni zabo futhi ngokulambisa esehlanganise ukuxoshwa kwakhe. Abaningi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa umzimba wahlala amanga emizini yabo noma emigwaqweni, ngoba kwakungekho muntu babanakekele. Yonke indawo kwaba iphunga angafi zokuwohloka, futhi phezu eMoscow ngomkhumbi ayimi ukukhala of izinsimbi emngcwabeni.

Iphutha kubulawe uMbhishobhi

Kodwa inkathazo, njengoba sazi, kuza akekho. Umphumela umqedazwe eshanela komuzi aba uthuli isifo oqubuke ngenxa yezenzo kabi ezibhekwa neziphathimandla zedolobha. Iqiniso liwukuthi, bebona ukuthi indlela yokumelana ingozi yokufa, abantu bakuleli dolobha waphendukela ithuluzi kuphela ezingabizi kubo futhi kungase kutholakale amakhulu eminyaka - ukusiza iNdlovukazi yezulu. Ngo esangweni zobuqaba Chinatown wabeka bayahlonishwa kakhulu futhi obonwa abantu isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso - Bogoliubsk uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ukuze wakhe, khona-ke baphuthuma izixuku ezingenakubalwa Muscovites.

Eqaphela ukuthi isixuku esikhulu sabantu kungaba nomthelela ukusabalala kwesifo, uMbhishobhi u-Ambrose ngaphambilini ukususa uphawu, unamathelise ibhokisi nokuyithululela iminikelo yokuphuzwa, futhi kuze kube kukhishwa isimemezelo iyakwenqabela imithandazo emphakathini. Lawa ngempela kunengqondo kusuka umbono wezokwelapha kwesenzo esithathiwe esuka kubantu ithemba lokugcina, futhi ngiwo udale saba abangenangqondo, futhi, njalo, a abangenasihe isifo uthuli eMoscow. Nakulokhu futhi kwabangela isikimu Russian classical: "Besifuna the best, kodwa kwathi ...".

Kodwa uchitheka kakhulu. Bephuphuthekiswe yithemba inzondo, isixuku sephulwe ngowokuqala Chudov Monastery, bese Don. Ubulawa-Archbishop Ambrose waba namahloni ngakho ukuba banakekele izimvu zakhe, futhi izindela, owazama ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe. Khona-ke lingasekho. Kwaphela izinsuku ezimbili, eshile sephulwe ngokuhlukaniswa ezindaweni futhi izikhulu zendlu eMoscow. Lezi zenzo ubengaveli ubunjalo umbhikisho nomphakathi - ke wayebonisa wemvelo lwezilwane isixuku, ngakho ngokucacile kuzo zonke iziyaluyalu Russian. Qha nakanye ake ubone!

umphumela odabukisayo

Ngenxa yalokho, iziphathimandla zedolobha baphoqeleka ukusebenzisa amandla. uthuli Inhlupheko eMoscow ngesikhathi ukuyiveza, futhi ngokushesha lo mqedazwe, kubutsela iztshalo, aqala ukuncipha. Kwafika abantu abangamakhulu amathathu kusukela abavukeli babebulawa nengalo yomthetho, futhi nababengobhongoza balokho kuvukela ezine alengiswe njengoba isixwayiso kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa abayingxenye pogrom ishaywe ngo inkalivasi futhi wathumela kanzima.

Wahlupheka futhi insimbi, okuyinto ashaye uphawu uthuli ekuqaleni. Ukuze ugweme ukusebenza entsha wasusa ulimi, ngemva kwalokho wathula iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ngesikhathi umbhoshongo tocsin, kuze kuthi ekugcineni iqale, kanye wathunyelwa Arsenal. Yaphela kanjalo-ke kuyadabukisa ukuthi ekhumbulekayo isifo uthuli e Moscow, usuku lapho kwakuwusuku omnyama emlandweni edolobheni.

Imicimbi edolobheni Black Sea

Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokohlelo lwezikhathi esalandela saba uthuli isifo e Sevastopol. Senzeka ngo-1830 futhi waphinde kwaqondana enye impi Russian-Turkish. Ngalesi sikhathi, yavusa olukhuni ngokweqile zokwehlukanisa eziye zathathwa abomthetho. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngisho nasezindabeni iminyaka emibili ngaphambi ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Russia wahlasela isifo. Sevastopol akuyona wathinta, kodwa ezimweni ezimbalwa ikholera, okuyinto iphutha ezibikiwe hlupheko.

Njengoba inkathi imisebenzi yalwa Turkey Sevastopol uyinto amasu ezibalulekile, ukuvimbela ukusabalala isifo kusolwa kuye izinyathelo engakaze ibonwe Benziwe. Emhlabeni muzi wakhiwa ngokuhlukaniswa Cordon, kanye ukunyakaza kuphela ngamasango oqokiwe ngokukhethekile. Ngo-June 1829, zonke esefikile edolobheni futhi ushiya ubuso bakhe kwadingeka ukuba bachithe amasonto amaningana ezindaweni ukwahlukaniswa ngenxa yesifo, labo isifo okusolakala ukuthi ngokushesha ekhishwe inyumbazane.

Amasela iyunifomu olusemthethweni

Izinyathelo, nakuba kunzima, kodwa eliphusile. Nokho, banayo nemiphumela ezingalindelekile neze. abalimi Elingumakhelwane baye balahlekelwa ithuba yomnyango njalo edolobheni, okuholela wayeka ukudla. Kusukela manje, ezidayisa umuzi ukudla ngokuphelele ezandleni izikhulu ngokuhlukaniswa, okwadala isimo ezinkulu kabi.

Akuvelanga ngasemuva Lokhu ubhubhane ukuvukela elilandelayo kusuka ekuqaleni. Edolobheni, wayinquma le ezindaweni kanye cordons nezwe, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu ukudla. Amanani okudla, ukwenza izinto ezingenangqondo kumkhukhumezile izikhulu, baba abiza kakhulu iningi labantu kulo muzi. Kodwa ngisho elafika etafuleni Sebastopol, kwaba ukhwaliti ongaphakeme kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nje asihambisani ukudla.

Kukhula ukungezwani social

inkohlakalo okungokomthetho kuye kwasusa ukungezwani okunjalo emzini, kusukela Petersburg kufika umsebenzi okhethekile, sona sasungula amanye elingakaze libonwe ngempela yokuhlukumeza. Kodwa, njengoba kunjalo ngokuvamile kwenzeka, enhlokodolobha yase ezinye abavikela oqavile wabaphangi, noma, njengoba manje uthi, krysheval kubo. Ngenxa yalokho we eziphakeme ezikhonzayo balandela inothi esiqinile: akusiwona okuthakazelisayo, kanye neKhomishini ukuze ubuyele emuva.

Kubhekwane nesimo esishubile kakade kwabhebhethekiswa ngoMashi 1830, lapho izakhamuzi ayenqatshelwe bashiye amakhaya abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kobukhulu oda wanika Usigaxamabhande komuzi, okuyinto uphoqeleka ukuba ahoxe ezindleleni eziphumela ngaphandle komuzi e izakhamuzi ngokuhlukaniswa zone kwendawo empofu kakhulu yenhloko Sevastopol - Umkhumbi zokuhlala. Hungry waziletha yithemba abantu bala ukulalela neziphathimandla, lapho umkhuzi ikhanda engemuva Admiral I. S. Skalovsky wathi ukwethulwa Battalion ezimbili ezengeziwe idolobha Cordon.

E Sevastopol, nakanjani ezihlupha uthuthuva ukuhlubuka. Ubhubhane kuleli dolobha akuyona wathinta, futhi izinyathelo ngokulinganayo esiqinile neze kulingane neze. Abanye abacwaningi sithambekele uwabone izenzo njengoba ngamabomu okuhloswe ngawo ukudala indawo evumayo sihlanzekile emikhubeni eyonakele eshiwo ngenhla.

Ukugqashuka kuhlubuka ukucindezelwa yayo

Ekupheleni Meyi edolobheni kwakukhona amaqembu ahlomile sakhiwa yizakhamuzi, eholwa lempi umhlalaphansi kanti maduze kwangena nabo phakathi amatilosi amasosha ebutho lenqaba wendawo. Ukugqashuka iphutha ngoJuni 3. ukuvukela Inhlupheko waqala neqiniso lokuthi ekhaya bebodwa isixuku esithukuthele ezaziyibulele umbusi womuzi ka Stolypin. Khona-ke lathunjwa Admiralty, futhi kusihlwa lonke idolobha lalingahambisani, kuheleza mbuso. Izisulu zala isixuku ngalezo zinsuku babebaningi ngokuhlukaniswa izikhulu abanemizi zaphangwa wokhele.

Nokho, i-orgy olunegazi akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. ukuvukela isifo ukuyiveza wehlela emzini Juni 7th Division iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele Timofeyev. Ngokushesha nje lapho ikhomishana yophenyo, usihlalo wayo Ukubala M. S. Vorontsova kwamiswa. On icutshungulwe we sethula amacala angaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Ngokuhambisana isinqumo, nababengobhongoza balokho kuvukela eziyisikhombisa main babulawa nezinkulungwane zabantu ejele. Abaningi amaphoyisa isiyalo, nezakhamuzi - axoshwe edolobheni.

Ukufelwa ukuthi besingagwemeka

Akungabazeki ukuthi uthuli isifo, ngemiphumela okwakukhona inhlekelele kangako, ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe cuphuluza izikhulu ngokuhlukaniswa, abenza izenzo kakhulu babebheka isikhathi inkohlakalo ingxenye ngokucacile. By the way, kokubili iziqephu yomlando kazwelonke, esixoxe ngawo esihlokweni, naphezu isikhathi ezahlukene nezikhathi, babe nezici ezifanayo. Futhi izenzakalo ezenzeka 1770 eMoscow Sevastopol ezihlupha uthuli, usuku okuyinto wahlukana nabo ngoba engamashumi ayisithupha edlule, babe umphumela izenzo kabi kubhekwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho lobugebengu uhulumeni.

A ezakhayo kakhulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ngenhlonipho indlela ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezikhona zokuchitha igazi izinyathelo okwalandela ingajezisa okwakuyogwenywa. Abasunguli ezimweni zombili, isinqumo ngokucacile akazange unekhono sikulindele yalokho okungase kulandele.