Ubani sesisebenza? Amatilosi indiza ethwele abagibeli: Ukwakheka, isithombe

Amatilosi - umqondo kabanzi ngempela. Njengoba ojwayelekile, sifaka hhayi kuphela ithimba eliphumayo ukuba isibhakabhaka, kodwa futhi abantu abaphethe ukugcinwa ibhodi emhlabathini. Abagibeli ungayiboni esidlule, futhi ngokuvamile ngisho nokuwabona kanjani ochwepheshe abaningi basebenza ukuze sigibele ngokuphepha alethwe ukuba ukuphela kwabo.

airliner

Umlando umgibeli izindiza yaqala ngo-1913 eRussia. Ngalowo nyaka, ihlolwe ngempumelelo lokuqala emlandweni indiza isintu umgibeli "Ilya Muromets", adalwe Igorem Ivanovichem Sikorskim. Le ndiza bangaqhubeka abagibeli nje kuphela kodwa futhi wezimpahla futhi wakhonza njengephayona webhomu.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuningi osekushintshile kule ndawo. Aircraft ebelithwele abagibeli, abe esisheshayo, amanye amamodeli kungaba amboze ibanga amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-6000. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lishintsha ukwakheka kanye nenombolo zezisebenzi.

Abasebenzi ukukhonza indiza umgibeli

Bonke abasebenzi elikhuthaza indiza, kungenziwa ngamaqembu amabili main:

1. Abasebenzi "ekusithekeni", ehlanganisa nochwepheshe emhlabathini, abaphathi ophethe indiza esikhumulweni sezindiza, abaphathi kanye nabanye abasebenzi.
2. lakhala. Ukwakheka kwalo kuncike hlobo izindiza. Lezi zihlanganisa induna, co-pilot, unjiniyela kanye indiza izikhonzi.

Amatilosi avunyelwe ukuhamba ngendiza, kumelwe kakhulu ukuba afanelekele. Ukuba nala makhono okukhulunywa kulaba bantu futhi unamandla okugcwalisa ngokucacile izidingo zokuphepha kuxhomeke ukuphila abagibeli abagibele enokuthula izinga eliphezulu lokutholakala kwe-flight.

ukuphepha kwendiza iyonke incike efaneleyo isisebenzi ngasinye, kuba ngokuphelele ayibalulekile, liyophuma emoyeni noma egijima emhlabathini.

Izimfuneko indiza nabasebenza

Nquma ukuthi ubani kuyinto sesisebenza, cabanga ubuthishela kabanzi.

Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet ngokushesha ngemva kwendiza ihlangabezana amalungu amathathu noma amane nezisebenzi. Namuhla lo msebenzi ukuphatha amalungu amabili noma amathathu nezisebenzi. Ngokuthuthukisa indlela lobuchwepheshe ngelinye ngokuphelele umsebenzi Itilosi indiza nabasebenza. Futhi kule cockpits indiza umgibeli yesimanje kusho kukhona kuyaqabukela endaweni yokubalekela unjiniyela. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ukubunjwa crew siqukethe kuphela ukaputeni womkhumbi nokubambisana umshayeli, hhayi kuhlanganise sezikhonzi indiza.

Izimfuneko esiyinhloko pilot Ufaka okuthiwa "i-plaque". Leli gama lisho inani amahora wachitha emoyeni. Ayanda "uqwembe", kulapho wazibonela yena kubhekwa. Ukuze induna izindiza nge umsebenzi okungenani kuzosho 4,000 amahora ezindizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi Ezandleni zakhe ngempela kumele abe nesitifiketi umshayeli evumelekile. Umlawuli indiza onesibophezelo sanoma ukuphepha kwe ohlangothini ezivamile ukuthatha noma yisiphi izinqumo ezibalulekile.

Izidingo epheshaneni e civil aviation isetshenziswa umshayeli yesibili. isikhundla sakhe ubizwa nangokuthi umlawuli umsizi izisebenzi. Endabeni ukudlula ukuziqeqesha ebhodini, asikwazi ngokuthi co-pilot. ngokuvamile co-pilot abanikeze asebenza nabo itholakala esihlalweni kwesokudla, nenduna - e ngakwesobunxele. Zonke imisebenzi phakathi ochwepheshe ezimbili achazwa ngokukhanyayo. Ngamunye wenza nje ziyingxenye yale nkinga.

indiza izikhonzi

Flight izikhonzi bebelokhu uyaziqhenya Civil Aviation njalo. Namuhla iqembu njengoba abasebenzi kuhlanganisa amantombazane nje kuphela kodwa futhi abafana. indiza Imisebenzi izikhonzi kukhona ebanzi:

• nokuqapha njalo endlwaneni eyakhiwe enombono impendulo esifike izenzakalo okungavamile.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli.
• Ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi kanye impendulo esifike eziphuthumayo, kuhlanganise uvalo ebhodini ne isiyaluyalu eqinile, intuthu, nabanye.
• inkonzo umgibeli.

Kuye uhlobo izindiza, abagibeli bayo ingaqalisa komunye nane indiza izikhonzi. ngokuvamile umphathi inkonzo kuyingxenye amatilosi indiza ethwele abantu. Ukwakheka kwalo kunqunywa imithetho, uhlobo izindiza kanye ezengeziwe nezimfuneko yezindiza.

Ngo civil aviation mncintiswano yesimanje likhona isigaba amasevisi umgibeli zokuthutha. Ngakho, akuyona into engavamile ukuthola wagibela uweta wotshwala enkantini kanye chef oqeqeshiwe. Futhi ingxenye nezisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho izisebenzi

Njengomthetho, akalokothi afune ilayisensi cabin crew emhlabeni. Ingabe ukuqeqeshwa amandla futhi ukutshela abagibeli ngokuphepha. Kuhlanganisa nokuba nekhono lokubheka ukubhukuda, ukuphendula ngokushesha izindaba eziphathelene nezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuqeqesha ku izindinganiso zokuphepha. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa wenziwa phansi izinyanga eziningana, kulandele i-luhlolo. izindiza abaningi ziqashwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela uhlola impilo abasebenzi, izisebenzi. Ukwakheka (nesithombe eziboniswe), okuyiqembu indiza Commission, qiniseka ukuthi ufaka Ochwepheshe, ukuhlola nabashayeli bezindiza indiza izikhonzi. Doctors Without lo mkhuba iKhomishana akuvunyelwe.

Nge-pilot kuhlukile. Kufanele ibhekane yonyaka kabusha ziqu, okubandakanya:

1. Flight test (unikela kanye ngonyaka).
2. indiza Test Simulator (aqashiwe kabili ngonyaka).
3. yizifundo zokuvuselela emhlabathini.

Libuye kuphoqelekile abashayeli kuyinto ngihlolwa. Le mfuneko esifanayo siyasebenza futhi indiza onjiniyela. Ukuze abantu phezu engu-40 Abezokwelapha ebanjwa njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kulabo abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-40 ubudala - kanye ngonyaka.

Crew ukusebenza amahora

Umsebenzi emoyeni njalo ezihlobene nokucindezeleka. Yingakho bonke labo abayingxenye izisebenzi, kwembule nokungalali nokukhathala. Umbuzo ukuthi singakanani isikhathi amalungu ethimba kufanele zibe emsebenzini ezilungisiwe ngokwehlukana yezindiza ngamunye, ogxile umthetho wezwe.

Noma kunjalo, umbuzo usalokhu uwukuthi oyingozi. It akusebenzi izindiza phezu amafushane. Kodwa nge indiza ehlala njalo amahora 10-16, inkinga isixazululekile ngamunye. imithetho Common ku ezijwayelekile of civil aviation namanje akukho.