"AN-158". Esifushane hola umgibeli izindiza "AN-158": izibuyekezo, izithombe

Airliner "AN-158", esemgwaqweni ngezansi isithombe, umele omunye eminye ukulungiswa ethandwa futhi kuphumelele imodeli "AN-148". Injongo eyinhloko yale ndiza ezibhekwa air zokuthutha abagibeli ezindaweni lesifunda kanye lendawo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yasekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa yayo ngaphansi ilebula "An-148-200". Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, onjiniyela, abameleli Design Antonov bureau ( "Antonov Design Bureau"), uqambe kabusha eseyintsha. Izibuyekezo onjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe abaningi kule ndawo libhekene njengesibonelo emkhunjini, okuyinto ngokugcwele ngekuhambisana netidzingo yesimanje mayelana nokuphepha kwemvelo futhi indiza.

Umehluko kumanduleli wawo

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, isisekelo imodeli etja le gade izindiza "AN-148". Okokuqala, uma iqhathaniswa nayo le ukuguqulwa eseyintsha lithole ingaphakathi capacious ngaphezulu. Ikakhulukazi, inombolo enkulu kungenzeka zabantu ithuthwe, ngaphezu crew, yakhiwa abagibeli 99. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuba nabaqambi "Antonov Design Bureau" ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukwanda (by amamitha amabili nesigamu) obuphelele kwelinye lamagumbi umgibeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibe banzi umthwalo Racks isifakiwe ku airliner umgibeli. isixazululo Key ubunjiniyela liye ekuthuthukiseni umklamo wamaphiko. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa kunciphise nezindleko ngqo ngamaphesenti nophethiloli mayelana 12 ukusetshenziswa kwendiza - ngamaphesenti angu 3.

design

ukuthuthukiswa design yephrojekthi umfuziselo kwezingxenye ezintsha zezindiza "AN-158" laqedwa ngo-2009. iqhaza okusebenzayo kulo msebenzi wathola emabhizinisini engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, etholakala emazweni ayishumi nanhlanu ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Akunakwenzeka ukuba agxile eqinisweni lokuthi cishe ayisikhombisa amaphesenti zonke izingxenye ingxenye namayunithi kwalesi imodeli tibuye enikeziwe yizinkampani yasekhaya.

Isakhiwo kanye DEBUT esemthethweni sibonelo

Ukudala ikhophi isikhathi aseqala wathatha cishe unyaka owodwa nge. Kwakuyisikhathi ukuguqulwa okukhulu yangaphambili kabusha ( "AN-148"). Abakhi e ngokoqobo redrew endizeni futhi enwetshiwe umzimba wakhe. Le isixazululo eye wavumela eminye usethe ngaphakathi izihlalo 14 ngaphezulu. Phakathi Septhemba 2009 saqala ukusebenza kwangaphakathi liner ukuguqulwa. Iningi amayunithi namayunithi ezathathwa version odlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo eseyintsha uye wathola eziningi ngcono nezinqubo ezintsha. April 21, 2010 e Kiev, abameleli "Antonov Design Bureau" yabonisa nabezindaba imodeli yokulinga imodeli entsha.

ukukhiqizwa Series waqala engxenyeni 2010 yesibili i-izindiza yokukhiqiza isitshalo "Antonov". Izindleko nesisodwa isenzakalo endizeni enjalo cishe million amathathu aseMelika, kodwa zingahluka ngokuya ukumisa yayo.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba

Debut (test) indiza eseyintsha uye eyenziwa ngesonto emva kuhanjiswa - April 28, 2010. Lo mkhumbi wakhumula kusukela Insimu Kiev ifektri airfield, ngemva kwalokho ngempumelelo esesifundazweni Gostomel (Kiev esifundeni). Khona-ke abashayeli wavusa indiza bafinyelele endaweni engamamitha okwakukhona 8600 amamitha. Ngokusho abaphenyi, umfuziselo libhekene ukuzinza okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuphathwa esihle kuwo wonke emachibini ihlolwe. amalungu Crew imiphumela indiza asizange ayebatshele zona.

isitifiketi

At the stage of indiza zokuhlolelwa kuhambisana langempela idatha yendiza design izici ngaphansi kwezimo yokusebenza ehlukile bangenile konke ezindizeni ezithwala. "AN-158" iyathinteka. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba izitifiketi ezifanele ezinikeza ilungelo ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano izindiza, ingatholakala kuphela imiphumela yabo. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kanye nezitifiketi nqubo ithatha emine. Endabeni le izindiza sikhathi kakhulu encishisiwe, ngoba kuphela ihlolwe izici ezintsha ezingenziwanga lathathwa "AN-148". Ngenxa yalokho, 28 Februwari 2011 izindaba Certification igcwaliswe.

Imodeli uqhosha kokuba izitifiketi kwemibuso zezindiza ekomidini lamazwe okuqondene CIS, kanye Ukrainian isimo zezindiza ekuphathweni nekuhambisana imithetho "AP-25". Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi imibhalo ezinikeza unelungelo ukusizakala yona emigqeni Melika nawaseYurophu ukuthutha abagibeli 86 at ibanga 3.100 amakhilomitha futhi abagibeli 99 - at ibanga amakhilomitha kuze 2,500. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini ogunyazwe e ICAO isigaba, okuyinto Uthole isikolo ka IIIA, okusho ukuthi yayo Take-off futhi kokwehla nzima izimo zezulu. Lapha, ukuphakama ekuthathweni isezingeni emhlabeni 30 metres, futhi ukubonakala evulekile 200 meters.

ukubukeka

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isisekelo izindiza ukuguqulwa baba "AN-148". A ukufana ahlobene nangaphandle amamodeli ezimbili. izigaba Ngenxa ezimbili ezengeziwe ikhuphukile ubude we fuselage. Eyokuqala has a ubude 1150 mm futhi ukulungele ukuveza e umnsalo, ubude yesibili 550 amamilimitha angu, obangela nje kwesigaba isikhungo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngalé kwezindaba izindiza "AN-158" kuyinto ngomusa ngaphezulu. Ubude ingqikithi indiza 34,36 metres, kuyilapho ukuphakama umkhumbi - 8.6 amamitha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe, inguqulo eyisisekelo indiza kungenziwa ngcono ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha kuncike imisebenzi kuhlehlwe ukuba enze ngezithukuthuku ke. Ikakhulukazi, kungenzeka ukwenza umfuziselo esekelwe zokuthutha impahla yempi wezimpahla, Umbuso indawo, sanitary nezinye ukushintshwa injongo ezikhethekile.

Chassis namaphiko

I kwagcizelela chassis eseyintsha ayidingeki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esiphezulu ukusuka isisindo endizeni, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-inguqulo yangaphambilini ayikashintshi. Kuyinto efanayo ukuze indiza "AN-148-100E" futhi amathani 43,7. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwanda isibalo esiphezulu kungenzeka abagibeli ngenxa ukunwebeka kwemisila umzimba kwaholela ukwehla esisebenzayo indiza ibanga amakhilomitha angaba ngu-400.

Airplane "AN-158" waba kakhulu ethuthukisiwe iphiko. Ngokufaka ke umkhawulo airfoils usayizi kwehle petrol airliner. Ngokuqondene umsila, it libhekene umklamo T emise. iphiko span kuyinto 28,91 imitha, kanye endaweni yayo - 84,32 square metres.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe sokuphehla amandla kule "AN-158" imodeli isebenzisa ezimbili turbojet injini "D-436-148", manje ezakhiwe "Motor Sich" futhi unikeze traction, okuyinto 6730 kg. Ukuthuthukisa idatha amayunithi wahlanganyela Zaporozhye "Inqubekela" Design Engineering Bureau. Ijubane Cruising bomkhumbi kuyinto 820 km / h, kanti esiphezulu - 870 km / h. Umshini isebenzisa i isilinganiso 1650 kg uphethiloli ngehora. Flight ophahleni isethwe ngamamitha emhlabeni 12 500. Ibanga esiphezulu ezikwazi ukundiza lokhu jet zesifunda, kuyinto 3100 amakhilomitha. Iningi isitsha ukusuka isisindo uyalingana 43 700 kg kanye isisindo Inkokhelo - 9800 kg.

abanikeze asebenza nabo

Amatilosi kunabantu ababili. Abanikeze asebenza nabo isethwe Avionics eziyinkimbinkimbi yesimanje, okubandakanya ezinhlanu yesimanje ekhombisa Amatebhe nge okucaciswe luketshezi. Ziklanyelwe ngokuba ngaphakathi zibamba of bonke ku-ibhodi izingxenye kanye nezinhlelo, kanye ukubonisa lonke ulwazi indiza kunesidingo. Zonke izinhlelo, ukugcinwa, sezokuphatha kanye nokuqhutshwa bomkhumbi kakhulu bemunye ngaphansi esasisandulele - model of the "AN-148". Kule ndaba, umgibeli idatha izindiza (sithombe salokhu) ayefana kakhulu, hhayi ngaphandle kuphela kodwa futhi ngaphakathi. Lesi sici ngempela elula, njengoba kungekho isidingo ngaphezu kwalokho ukuqeqesha ukuguqulwa entsha ye-pilot futhi phansi izisebenzi abenza ukunakekela.

ikhono tekusebenta

amazwi Specific bafanelwe airliner "AN-158" izici namakhono emisebenzini yalo. Ikakhulukazi, umshini ungenza air travel kokubili emini ebusuku, ngisho izimo Meteorological nzima. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ngisho izimo Uqweqwe zemvelo, lapho izinga lokushisa kuyinto ngezithuba -30 degrees Celsius. Ngokuvamile, le ndiza yakhelwe ukulawula lokushisa, okuyinto in the ezahlukene degrees -55 kuya +45. Ukuqalisa ukusuka nisondele kokwehla airfields, okuyinto zitholakala ezindaweni kusuka ngamamitha -300 kuya ku-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. The kungenzeka yokusebenza onobuhle ezimweni ezinjena kwafakazelani ngemuva kokwenza kokuxilongwa. Ikakhulukazi, ngo-February 2011, umshini ukwenze izindiza 16 e-Iran, futhi ngo-November 2013 - ihlolwe ku airfields okusezingeni eliphezulu waseBolivia nowase-Ecuador.

amakhasimende

Airplane "AN-158" namuhla unendima ofaneleyo emakethe bezindiza lesifunda. Okokuqala oda enkulu imodeli babevela Panama ehlobo lika-2011. Bese kuba khona sasayinwa inkontileka nokulethwa kanye emva-sales service okwengeziwe izimoto amabili. Ngo-April 2013, inkampani yezindiza i-Cuban Cubana de Aviacion airliner atholwe ezintathu imodeli, bese ukubeka oda yakho ngaphezulu amakhophi amathathu. Ngokuvamile, ngenhloso ukuthenga engaphezu kwekhulu phezulu emikhunjini, "AN-158" kusho abathwali livela eLatin America, Afrika, e-Asia kanye Russia nase-Ukraine.

Okwamanje, onjiniyela of Antonov Design Bureau isebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa induduzo Izinga kubagibeli nezisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka futhi nethemba amaloli futhi ongakhetha okukhethekile izindiza ongenza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi yezokuthutha ezempi kanye civil aviation.