OngumJesuit - ngubani? Umlando amaJesuit

Namuhla, abaningi lapho ezwa igama elithi "ongumJesuit", ukubaluleka kwalo isikhathi eside ephethwe ukuzuza ubuso ezengeziwe, elisho hhayi kuphela okuqondene omunye wemiyalo edume kakhulu futhi namanje enethonya of the Catholic Church, kodwa umuntu omubi futhi quirky, esingenakubalwa athembekile. Nokho, lezi "izinja leNkosi" wena futhi bakhuthazeka ukudala esiyingqayizivele, eqinisweni, uhlelo elula kakhulu enkabeni yalo, kodwa usezuze umumo lihlakaniphile futhi ezithakazelisayo.

I ongumJesuit, ngubani na? Umlando omncane

Njengezilwane eziningi Order, lokhu kuyinto umsunguli wayo, ngubani wanezela ngalesi sikhathi abangcwele. Umlando amaJesuit kakade ekhulwini ezingaphezu kweyodwa, isibalo okwaqala ngokubekwa Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu xv, lapho abaseSpain knight-umphuphi Ignatius Loyola wanquma ngokuphelele ukushintsha ukuphila kwakhe futhi anikezele iminyaka yakhe esele ku isonto, inkolo, ukholo, ukwakha inhlobo ibutho lomoya Knights. Futhi uma ekuqaleni indlela cishe kwakungekho muntu owayazi ukuthi ongumJesuit wonke umuntu ngayo, futhi yini injongo wonke Order, manje induku ebandla emlandweni wonke nezikhathi okwalandela akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphela futhi akuyona into mlando professional noma benkolo, kodwa diletantu- lover.

Umsuka walo Order

Kukhona "izinja weNkosi 'kanye nomlando wayo. OngumJesuit Order afike wazalelwa khona ngo-1534, lapho umsunguli wayo, Loyola, kanye abangane bakhe abaqotho futhi Knights angokomoya enziwa izithembiso ubumpofu, ubumsulwa inkonzo ngoba inkazimulo iSonto, futhi wathatha oda futhi waba umshumayeli, sizimisele ukulandela indlela kwegazi engalungile futhi opekaniya ngisho nangemva kweminyaka emithathu ababekholwa. Ngu 1539 abapristi Order (esizayo) bebelokhu eRoma, lapho amehlo wonke umuntu nge imibono yabo kanye nokholo kuwo esiyingqayizivele kunazo ngesikhathi yokuncipha kokubaluleka zezindela, futhi iningi lamaKatolika ezingekho eBhayibhelini lilonke. Mhlawumbe kwakungekhona isikhundla kunenzuzo kakhulu yokugcina futhi kwaholela uPapa Paul III ngokushesha kwanele ukunikeza ukuvuma ngekhanda ukusungulwa esisemthethweni Order, futhi esikhathini esizayo, futhi ngazo zonke izindlela ukuba kangcono labo ababezibiza ngokuthi iNhlangano kaJesu, kodwa empeleni babé kaKristu ngazo zonke izindlela.

ukuqeqeshwa HR

Nokho, ukuze zijoyine amaJesuit yamane yathi, mhlawumbe, kuphela kusukela ekuqaleni. abasontayo sagacious ngokushesha baqaphela ukuthi izwe libuswa ulwazi, futhi akazange agodle ngisho isikhathi sokufundisa nabalandeli babo. Yingakho wafundisa okungenani iminyaka engu-12, iminyaka yokuqala okungenani ezimbili novitiate, ukusetshenzelwa kumbe ukulalelwa. Lokhu kwalandelwa kwemukelwa ejwayelekile izifungo Izigodlo: ukulalela, ubumpofu nokungabi ukungashadi, wafundisa izilimi iminyaka emibili - Latin, ngesiGreki (nge ukufunda oyisibopho abalobi basendulo - yebo, in the original), ngonyaka - sciences ngqo (izibalo, i-physics). Kwabe ifilosofi, bese kuphela ukuze uthole enye i 4 iminyaka izimfundamakhwela ziyaye wafundisa womlando wesonto, imfundiso yenkolo, umthetho, ngokuba Coadjutor (abefundisi, ngubani unelungelo ukubuyela zokuphila). wabonakaliswa kuphela kulo lonke izigaba sokushisekela yokufunda, umzamo, ikhono lemvelo kanye izivivinyo yimpumelelo uvumele ngeqholo sithi umfundi ibhodi ukuthi izolo manje - umpristi ongumJesuit, nazo zonke nemalungelo kanye netibopho.

isithembiso Kugcine

Manje ungathatha ezifungweni nokokugcina kuyiphi kwakungenakwenzeka ithawula kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, - isithembiso bungobokuzithoba Pope kanye wedwa yakhe nokulalela. AmaJesuit ku trifles kungukuthi benana futhi sizithobe kulo mthetho-sisekelo okukhethekile Order ngokuqondile Upapa. Esinye amandla phezu ngokwabo, abamazanga.

Ukwanda nokuqeda

Oda anele kancane engaphezu kweyikhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sifake amanethiwekhi zabo emazweni ase-European ngaleso sikhathi, kanye China, Japan, India, Paraguay, i-Philippines, ungakhohlwa ukuba bazohlala eRussia yasebukhosini, owawungumnyaka kakhulu nombono obanzi. Lapho 1773 uPapa Clement XIV wayesalokhu iyaphoqeleka ukuba isinqumo esiqinile futhi emhlabeni iyakwenqabela "Umphakathi likaJesu" inkunzi Dominus ac Redemptor Noster, kuphela uCatherine II wayengafuni ukulalela amaJesuit ne bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wazo nsimu kuncike iNdlovukazi. Ngokusobala-oda ukuqedwa eyathatha engamashumi amane edlule, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho bekhuluma ngayo abefundisi lesifunda. Kodwa kakade 1814 amaJesuit ngasibuyisela amalungelo abo futhi zobungoma.

Charter nesiyalo

OngumJesuit Charter lalinabashumayeli 9 amaphuzu, ngokuyisisekelo okwakukhona ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ababambiqhaza bayo, ngaphandle saziso izifungo lezindela, wathatha enye isithembiso kokulalela ngokungathandabuzi kuya wesigodlo umphakathi, kanye ekhanda of the Catholic Church. Kanye nemizila yokuphunyuka empeleni kwakungelona - abe ongumJesuit, umuntu ulahlekelwa ilungelo bachithe kubo futhi kwaba esinye izingxenye ezinkulu kohlelo Nokho, isebenza ngokuphelele.

UNongorwana nayo elinesimo isiyalo ngendlela elukhuni kakhulu kanye yinye eqinile, lapho amandla ophakeme kwakungu ezandleni jikelele (kusuka "umeluleki Jikelele", akumelwe aphanjaniswe nezempi), okuyinto namanje ekusithekeni kwaba "upapa black" futhi ukhethelwa ukuphila.

Indima e inqubo yemfundo

Munye walemisebenti main esabekwa amaJesuit ne lwenteke ngempumelelo, kwakukhona izikole eziningi cishe yonke ohambweni. Ngakho, kwaba ongumJesuit College wayelungiselela ngokwakhe izimfundamakhwela ziyaye ufundile futhi oqeqeshwe kahle "sokuprakthiza" kabani eside siguqulelwa emaphaphethi esilalelayo ezandleni ukuphathwa. By the way, ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII Ngaphansi kokulawula kwazo baqaphe kwakuyingxenye enkulu izikhungo ephakeme kanye yesibili zemfundo eYurophu.

Indlela lisinde lingabanjwa - nifunde amaJesuit

Kodwa amaJesuit abangu akakhumbulanga kuphela ngezinhloso ezinhle, futhi imisebenzi zemfundo, kodwa futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela yokuqala, okuvumela "kulingane" e yenze isenzo izenzo, ngisho kakhulu, esinesono kakhulu, kodwa lwanele ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi lokhu kwenzeke igama ezinye, ngenjongo enhle. Futhi ungase namanje sebenzisa "ukubhuka sengqondo 'futhi anikeze izithembiso ezingesilo iqiniso. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi lo mbuzo: "ongumJesuit - ngubani?" - ungezwakala ephendula, ukuthi ungumqambimanga, inethiwekhi abaceba iziphambeko ngobuqili.

kwanamuhla emphilweni Order

Emakhulwini eminyaka baye badlula, u-Ignatius Loyola eside abagcotshwa kanye abagcotshwa, futhi wamanje Pope Francis (Jorge Mario Bergoglio) nje omele sale oda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlabeni kabanzi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu 17.700 amaJesuit, abasesemanzini kuncike ukuzithiba kwabantu. Lungiselela abasebenzi of the Catholic Church in the Iphaneli Special elawulwa "ngokokuqala ngqá, iNhlangano likaJesu." Kodwa lolu shintsho isikhathi kuphela abanye abantu akukashintshi. Futhi manje umbuzo ongumJesuit - ngubani, cishe akekho ucela, ngoba impendulo kuzwakele kubo bonke.