Ohlanga Esingokwasezulwini: izibonelo izwe

ohlanga Esingokwasezulwini - kuyinto zohulumeni yombango lapho inqubomgomo esisemthethweni silawulwa ngokuqondile isiqondiso saphezulu, incazelo intando kaNkulunkulu, njengoba kushiwo imibhalo yenkolo, ngokuhambisana izimfundiso inkolo ethile.

Ekusebenteni, abefundisi babe abameleli accredited we ubuNkulunkulu ongabonakali, noma uyacatshangelwa, uthi futhi uchaza imithetho inchubomgomo yembuso. Ngomqondo eqinile, ibhekisela umbusi, obheka uzenza sithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, kanye nayo yonke imithetho ezithathwe ngaphansi isiqondiso sikaNkulunkulu. Inhloko kahulumeni engokwasezulwini kube inhloko yendawo zenkolo. Ngakho, imithetho yombango nemisebenzi ayingxenye inkolo, lokusho ukumuncwa esontweni isimo.

Omunye elithi "ongokwasezulwini" iqala kuphi ukusetshenziswa Iosif Flavy, ngubani, ngokusobala, wazama ukuchaza igama lesiGreki "theos" (Nkulunkulu) nelithi "krateo" (control) abafundi abangabeZizwe inhlangano WamaJuda Union. Nakuba kule uxhumano Iosif Flavy, eluqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo zohulumeni (ohlanga, oligarchy, republic), engena kwengxoxo ende futhi ngandlela-thile udidekile ngale ndaba, akabe ukuchaza lokho "ohlanga esingokwasezulwini."

amazwe isibonelo lapho e enkathini yesimanje angabhekwa uhlobo olufanayo kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo, zihlanganisa i-Saudi Arabia, Iran nowaseVatican.

Ngo uthi abaningi, kusenabantu inkolo ethile esemthethweni, imithetho yombango kungenzeka athonywe imibono zenkolo noma zokuziphatha, kodwa lezi zimo engamboziwe imigomo ongokwasezulwini. Ahlalisane nama inkolo isimo noma anikeze abanye izici amalungelo civil imiphakathi engokwenkolo futhi iyisimo wokuziphilisa.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, monarchies kwakunamadoda amaningi okungenani ngokwengxenye engokwasezulwini. Izinqumo ababusi emazweni Catholic kaningi bafakwa imibuzo, wamala, uma opapa akazange avumelane nabo. Abaholi benkolo belulekwa nakubabusi izindaba hhayi kuphela inkolo, kodwa futhi isimo. Izinto zaqala ukushintsha lapho izincwadi, emazweni athile ukuze lizuze ithonya, EsengamaProthestani nezinye izinkolo nabangewona amaKatolika.

Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke ohlanga engokwasezulwini uhlobo yokuqokwa - uhlobo uhulumeni Vatican. Ngezinye inhloko yezwe iyona Holy See (Pope futhi iNdikimba Ebusayo - ISigungu esiphethe umbuso waseRoma Curia). Pope yiyona inkosi le Holy See, ngokuhambisana isikhundla sakhe abonise zomthetho, mphathi amandla zokwahlulela ku isimo Vatican, futhi jikelele LamaRoma Katolika. Ikhumbula imvelo multidimensional samandla upapa, ukuphatha ngaphakathi izigaba eziklanywe ngokucophelela uhulumeni isakhiwo zokuphatha yadalwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi iSonto LamaRoma Curia, elimalungu alo aqokwe igunya likapapa.

Pope entsha, ngemva kokufa odlule, conclave kuqokwa, ehlanganisa kuphela Cardinals.

Ngo uthi lapho inkolo state Islam, ikakhulukazi Shariah, amakhosi ohlanga ongokwasezulwini kwakuwumhlangano kuphela indlela uhulumeni eminyaka. Kusukela ngesikhathi lapho Prophet Muhammad wasungula Arab-Muslim (izinduna) isimo ku Medina ngekhulu lesikhombisa kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ngemva kokuwa sompristi zokugcina eTurkey. Umbusi wamaSulumane (owalandela) wayeyinhloko isimo, ngokuvumelana nokuphatha Shariah (umthetho we Islam), ngokusekelwe ngobunyoninco kanye Sunnah. Nakuba nabanye abaholi ayengatholanga ziqondiso ngqo kusuka Allah, bafana nje uMprofethi, ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba bathethelele izimiso zabo ekhishwe ngokuhambisana nale sethi imiyalo kaNkulunkulu futhi enqabela, okubonisa ukuthi Allah - eliphakeme kunawo wonke.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke emlandweni ohlanga okungokwasezulwini Islamic kuzisebenzi zomhlaba Arab sompristi Umayyad lwamakhosi of nabanye abaholi noma "nabanye abaholi ulungile" (the nabanye abaholi zokuqala ezine ngemva the Prophet Muhammad).

Ezikhathini zanamuhla isimiso sezombusazwe Islamic Republic of Iran kuchazwa ngokuthi ongokwasezulwini ngempela, noma kunjalo, ngakho ezishiwo CIA bhukulwazi.

Lapho umholi Iran baba Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1989, ibhalansi zenkolo nezombangazwe amabutho abangu avele ashintshe: Shia Islam waba ingxenye engenakususwa isakhiwo sezombangazwe isimo. Kwaba njalo umgomo kushiwo we 1979 Iranian Revolution - ukugumbuqela kokubusa Shah futhi ubuyisele amafilosofi Islamic emphakathini Iranian.

Shia Islam yiyona inkolo esemthethweni Iran. Ngokwe-1979 soMthethosisekelo (njengoba uchitshiyelwe ngo-1989), imfundiso Islamic kunqunywa bezimiso zezombangazwe, ezomnotho kanye nezenhlalakahle Islamic Republic of Iran. INhloko State, nokudela inqubomgomo jikelele yezwe - Ephakeme Umholi, omiswe yiBhodi Ochwepheshe.

abaholi eziphezulu e-Iran, wawuyizinkulungwane ezimbili: umsunguli we Islamic Republic of Iran Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini eyamlandela lakhe Grand Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei (kusukela ngonyaka ka 1989 kuze kube manje).

Umholi Ephakeme uqoka zezindawo zezemfundo eziningi uhulumeni ezibalulekile. Futhi, ngokuvumelana nomthetho-sisekelo Iranian, uthi amandla kamongameli, ungakwazi Veto imithetho lidlule yiPhalamende (Majlis), ngokuvamile inikeza imvume ukhetho KaMongameli ukumemezela candidacy yabo.

ohlanga Esingokwasezulwini uhlobo olukhethekile - uwuhlobo oluthile lukahulumeni e Saudi Arabia. Kunalokho ukusho ukuthi isimo ohlanga ngokuphelele, usekelwe nezimiso yamaSulumane. inkosi Saudi uyinhloko isimo futhi inhloko kahulumeni. Nokho, izinqumo eziningi zenziwa ngokuxhumana phakathi izikhulu eziphezulu asebukhosini kanye izinhlangano zenkolo. I Qur'an limenyezelwe nguMthethosisekelo wezwe, esiyinyama esilawulwa ngesisekelo umthetho Islamic (sharia).