Bacteriophages: izinhlobo kanye injongo

Phage lysis - inqubo nolokubhujiswa amagciwane by phages, ngokuvamile kwenzeka isitho abathintekayo ngesikhathi sokulanda nokuguqulwa. Uma self-ukuphulukiswa lwenzeke, umzimba bangasizwa ngokwethula bacteriophage ohambelana, okuholela inkampani eyenza imithi. bacteriophages Ngokuthi zamagciwane amagciwane engena futhi kubangele nokonakala yabo (lysis) emhlanganweni naye ukungenwa amaseli amagciwane abe nenkani.

Ngo bacteriophage lesiGreki lisho "edla amagciwane." Emvelweni, la magciwane zahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi esikhulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo okwamanje amaqembu ahlukahlukene. Phages kukhona amagciwane sihluke izitshalo, izilwane kanye nesakhiwo womuntu, eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Atholakala kwezulu, emoyeni, umhlabathi, ukudla, phezu kwezihloko isikhumba, uvolo isilwane, ngamafuphi, nomaphi lapho kunezingane amagciwane.

Eminyakeni yamuva, isithakazelo esandayo bacteriophages asetshenziswa esikhundleni antibiotic. Lokhu akusona isimanga, nalabo nezinye izidakamizwa ezithinta ngqo Amagciwane. Kodwa imithi elwa namagciwane zaziwa nethonya elilimazayo hhayi kuphela izitshalo pathogenic, kodwa nezalo Umbuso indawo. Bacteriophages, izinhlobo zazo zihlukile, isinyathelo ngokukhetha, kuphela amagciwane "yabo", kusale bhasi kwalo. Empeleni, ngakho ososayensi futhi akazange sibasungule amagama, kuba lula kakhulu ukubabiza ngokulandelana amabhaktheriya kuwo bavezwa.

Bacteriophages: Izinhlobo

Khiqiza streptococcal, coliform Proteaceae, klebsiellezny, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, uhudo, bacteriophage typhoid kanye "Intestifag" futhi "Piobakteriofag".

amalungiselelo asebenzayo kunqunywa degree kwabo dilution lapho lysis isiko ebucayi. Ngakho, titer-10 e besigaba sesibili kusho ukuthi ziphephile lytic izakhiwo asebenzayo bacteriophage ngesikhathi dilution 1 000 000 izikhathi. At lokushisa 4-6 C nezidakamizwa ukugcina izakhiwo zabo iminyaka engu-12.

Kuye amafomu wokukhishwa kuhluke bacteriophages umsebenzi. Zinhlobo zemithi zingase zithinte kokubili Amagciwane ngabanye, futhi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Monophages kuthinte zamagciwane eziningana amabhaktheriya efanayo. K amalungiselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi (polyvalent) zihlanganisa bacteriophage "Sekstafag" elikwaziyo kanyekanye zivimbela umsebenzi staphylococci, streptococci, kuhlanganise enterococci, Pseudomonas futhi Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona "Intestifag" senzelwe ekwelapheni izifo emathunjini, ke yakhiwa Salmonella, uhudo, Proteus, coli futhi streptococcal (abacindezela enterococci) phages.

Izidakamizwa asetshenziswa dysbacteriosis, izifo emathunjini, inflammations kohlelo urogenital futhi apharathasi broncho-yamaphaphu ekwelapheni izinqubo ukonakala, kanye nezifo ze-ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kanye sinuses. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo ngaphakathi, kuhlanganise ngesimo enemas, futhi endaweni - ukususa, ugeze amanxeba, douching. Ngokwesibonelo, "Uhlelo Bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent nahlanza" ngokuba ozeny ukwelashwa, rinoskleromy, izifo okubangelwa igciwane Klebsiella inyumoniya, esetshenziswa ephefumula at izilonda kuqhoqhoqho, umphimbo kanye pharynx, turunda iqondiswa ofakwe ketshezi, otitis, esetshenziselwa nokugeza e sinusitis. Lapho cystitis, enterocolitis, urethritis, inyumoniya izidakamizwa esithathwayo ngomlomo.

Bacteriophages abe mass izinzuzo phezu kwama-antibiotic. Abanalo imiphumela emibi, abelwe ngisho izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe, awayona umlutha. Abakwazi kuhlangene yimuphi izidakamizwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa for the nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Lezi amalungiselelo nethonya ezuzisayo on ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba, musa ukucindezela flora yemvelo nethonya lazo kusobala kungakapheli amahora 2-4 emva ukungenisa. Abanaso zikwazi ukumelana naso Amagciwane.

Omunye ethile kukhona bacteriophages. Izinhlobo esetshenziswa namuhla imithi, kodwa abambalwa, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo ukusetshenziswa kwabo izifo eziningi.

Outlook isicelo

Ukuze ngempumelelo isicelo imikhiqizo yemvelo, kubalulekile ukucacisa nozwela amagciwane kubo. Nokho, ososayensi baye baphawula ethakazelisayo: nozwela nezilwanyana ezincane ukuze phages akuyona encishisiwe, kodwa kunalokho kwandisa, ngenxa kwandzisa imikhiqizo amasiko amasha. Kuze kube manje, lo staphylococcal bacteriophage ngempumelelo lyse 90% azo zonke zakulezi amabhaktheriya ezikhishwe phakathi izilonda ukonakala.

Abaningi ezithathelwanayo Ochwepheshe isifo ukholwa ukuthi imishanguzo phage maduze sokushintsha empini yokulwa nezifo. Immunologists ukubona nethemba ukusetshenziswa lezi zimali lapho Immunopreparat engenamandla. Ngokwe izifundo kohlaziyo kule minyaka embalwa ezayo, yezindawo ethembisayo kwemithi kuyoba ukukhiqizwa phages.