Umculi Matveev Andrey Matveevich: Biography, lokusungula, umsebenzi ongcono futhi indaba yokuphila

UPetru ayeyinqumile ngokusebenzisa "ifasitela eYurophu" abathintekayo liyaphikisana nayo yonke indlela yokuphila komphakathi kanye nezinkampani ezizimele e-Russia, kuhlanganise namasiko nezobuciko. I zezimbali Russian Umdwebo kwekhulu XIX, kwakuyoba engacabangeki ngaphandle abaculi kufakwe ipumelelo isiko European sisendleleni yaqala ekhulwini Renaissance futhi enothisa emasikweni abo kazwelonke ezingokomoya. Okokuqala ochungechungeni amagama ngokuthi Ivan Nikitin, umculi ozithandayo yenkosi wezinguquko. Eyesibili wabhekisela elinye igama kweqiniso Russian - Mathewu. Andrew, ogama lakhe lokuqala (Matveevich) kubhekwa ezingaqinisekisiwe, waphila ukuphila esifushane futhi kanzima.

Izinganekwane esikhundleni amaqiniso

Ngo Biography of the master eziningi namabala amhlophe. Kusukela usuku lokuzalwa okungukuthi aziwayo unyaka - 1701 imizuzu, nakuba, ngokusho kweminye imithombo, wazalwa ngonyaka kamuva. Mayelana uyise wahlala Imininingwane kusele izingxenyana nje ze: siyazi ukuthi esigodlweni Empress Catherine mina wakhonza wokuba umabhalane amagama Matveev. Weza u-Andreya udadewabo kwakungasehlane laseBeti ubaba, umfana ungase uthole izibalo iNdlovukazi sika amehlo. Omunye imisebenzi umabhalane - ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana, okuyiwona-ke kwakudingekile ukuba sifunde ikhono lokubuza calligraphy. Mhlawumbe isipiliyoni lokuqala umculi esizayo kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni akavumanga beqondiswa uyise - phakathi imibhalo ebhalwe ngesandla sikhathi, ungathola yobuciko yangempela ihluzo.

Kwaba Catherine usuqalise wabhaliswa nanhlanu Andrew ku Isibalo sabathola impesheni yabadala ukuba kuthunyelwe ngezindleko umphakathi ukufunda e-Europe. Kukhona nganekwane enhle, othi le abathintekayo yena uPetru I. Phakathi ukuhlala wenkosi Novgorod, lapho ngivela ngokwami Matveev, Andrey wabanjwa iso kombusi, lapho ebenza nesithombe sakhe imidwebo. Ekhangwa ngokudweba umbusi umfana ngokushesha ayiqoqe e-Amsterdam, ozithandayo uPetru Holland, ngiqeqeshwe uye laphaya le abadwebi. Nakuba izenzo ezinjalo zicatshangelwe evamile yinkosi-wezinguquko, uqinisekise lesi indaba liye lalondolozwa.

okhuthele

Ngo 1716, phakathi kokunye, "isizwe Russian abafundi" Matveev efika e-Amsterdam. umeluleki wakhe kwaba edumile Dutch portrait umdwebi Arnold Boonen. Ukuze uthole ukuthi kwaba ilungelo elikhulu, njengoba sasibhekwa usaziwayo, master, emelela amasiko engcono wesikole Rembrandt, nemidwebo ye ibhulashi lakhe, okwabangela inhlekelele imali eningi, wayala abantu esihle ocebile esuka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Mhlawumbe Matveyev ukusekelwa wayenomfazi a Russian kakhulu umbusi. Catherine mathupha ngahlangana Boonenom ngesikhathi uhambo lwakhe eHolland.

Umnakekeli wezilwane ikoloni abafundi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi Johann van den Burg, eyaziwa eRussia njengoba Yagan Fandenburg, ejenti siqu UPetru mina, kwaba abathwele yinkosi nezinye izabelo. Yena akuvunyelwe kakhulu kulandele ukuziphatha abasha abaseRussia, ngokuvamile kokuhileleka kunoma yiluphi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba ngokumelene nalabo bangamavila futhi womanizing. Peter njalo kubika imibiko yabo ukuthi abanye impesheni European khulula emoyeni isenzo oludakayo.

Kuphela omunye "amachwane isidleke kaPetru" akabange esayibangela izikhalazo Fandenberga - Matveev. Andrew yena njalo zithunyelwe eRussia umsebenzi wabo njengoba umbiko ngentuthuko imfundo. Ngokusobala, impumelelo wakhe kuye kwabonakala - it is ukuthi ngemiyalo yezikhulu iNdlovukazi, wabelwa nesabelo ezengeziwe ezaziwayo. Okuwukuphela kwento lonakaliswe Matveeva uhlale phesheya, ngakho-ke ingxenye isifo, kubangelwa ukukhathala yakhe kusukela okukhulu ukuqeqeshwa sessions.

nezikhathi ezimbili

ukuqeqeshwa Matveeva izothatha isikhathi eside iminyaka eyishumi nanye kanye lalinabashumayeli ngezigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni elihlola ngokuningiliziwe ubuciko portrait. Boonen esetshenziselwa singakanani isikhathi ekulungiselweni sibalo, ukuthuthukiswa abafundi lobuchwepheshe amakhono, umqashi ezahlukene amasu yokudweba, ukusetshenziswa ezahlukene izinto. Eyodwa yezindlela eziyinhloko ukuqeqeshwa bekopisha imisebenzi ezingcweti ezindala. Kudluliswa emhlabeni kwangaphakathi kuvezwa ukugcizelela Boonen akazange akhokhe.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqeqeshwa eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi inguqulelo komunye master kwenye. Nganquma ukuzama le ndlela futhi Matveev. Andrei Matveyevich wacela imvume ukuya eHague, ukuze Karel Moor. Le ngcweti yayingekho ngaphansi abadumile (hhayi kuphela e-Netherlands), futhi wayaziwa ngokuba umndeni Russian yasebukhosini, okuyinto wathuma ekumeni kwabo Moore.

Moorovsky portrait kaPetru yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo msebenzi Matveeva wabenza ngalesi sikhathi. Lapho siqhathanisa lokhu ezimbili imidwebo kuyacaca ubunjalo ithalente, elase Matveev. Andrey Matveevich ngonanzelelo izimfanelo siqu Tsar Russian. Ngo isethulo sakhe olunothile uPetru abantu athe xaxa ukuthi, ngaphansi like iwuphawu lwamandla nesingazanyazanyiswa, njengoba livela Kwesimo phambi Moor, aziwa kwendandatho eziningi.

Academy of Fine Arts ku Antwerp

Ngo-1724, Matveev iya Petersburg ngesicelo ukuqhubeka nezifundo e-Art Academy ye-Antwerp. Wacabanga khona ukufunda uhlobo olusha - "ubhale izindaba", okungukuthi Umdwebo lwendaba: imidwebo ngendlela engokomfanekiso, basezinganekwaneni, zomlando impi. Ecabangela inkululeko yenkuthalo umfundi kanye impumelelo yakhe e Petersburg kwanqunywa ukuba uvumele umhlalaphansi ukuze baqhubeke behlezi lami e-Europe, lapho eyayingavamile ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngo 1725, Petr Veliky wafa. Andrey Matveev, biography olwaqala ngesikhathi kubusa Tsar-wezinguquko, udlulise amazwi enduduzo kwabase wakhe uCatherine futhi inamathela esigijimini wabhala "allegory Painting." Lokhu encane, edwetshwe a ngokhuni ngebhodi kubhekwa ngowokuqala emlandweni wezwe yokudweba ngesakhiwo umkhiqizo lwemvelo wokuziphilisa, isithombe sokuqala ngomqondo YaseYurophu izwi.

It iyabonakala nokungabaza okungatheni esithombeni ubunqunu, kodwa ayabonakala futhi kubalulekile lokusungula Matveeva isifiso ukukhulisa yokugcwalisa iphethini okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi kanye art eliphezulu imidwebo - Palette ocebile futhi smear ukukhanya. Goddess, posing okwesikhathi portrait, Matveev wanika izici Catherine I.

Buyela Russia

Isifundo esikoleni kwaphazanyiswa ngoba Matveeva entwasahlobo 1727, ngemva kokufa Russian Empress. Waphindela eRussia, lapho manje babengenalo abashisekeli, akukho abangane. Ngokusho ukuhleleka, kuye kwadingeka ukuba chasiselwe olunothile umnyango IHhovisi izakhiwo, okuyinto eyingoduso ukuqaliswa ezihlukahlukene oda kwezobuciko enkantolo. Ngokusho inqubo efanayo esungulwe uPetru, zonke afika eYurophu ngemva ukuqeqeshwa ukuze aphumelele kulesi sivivinyo, ngemva kwalokho kuba sobala ezingeni amakhono ukuthi izuzwe.

Isiphelo Sesimiso sokufaneleka professional Matveyev wanika ke ikhanda leqembu Louis Caravaque olunothile - engumFulentshi azinza eRussia kusukela 1716. Wayengumuntu, njengoba kufakazelwa abantu bangesikhathi sakhe, umdwebi undistinguished, kodwa wakwazi ukupenda ekumeni, ukufana is abatelekile ukuthi kwaba ngenxa amakhasimende Russian buyinto emangalisayo. Caravaque walidumisa amakhono Matveeva, siphawula ukuthi 'wayengumuntu sakuhlomela kakhudlwana Umdwebo kuka esithombeni. "

Portrait Golitsyn

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu isitifiketi, Andrey Matveev, umculi ukuqeqeshwa European, wajoyina izisebenzi leHhovisi kuphela ngonyaka, kodwa okwamanje ahlale ngaphandle ngamakhaya. Wangikhulula oda yakhe umbhangqwana umbukiso portrait isikhulu Golitsyn ambalwa.

Ikakhulukazi ekhululekile wadala Matveev isithombe Anastasia Petrovna Galitzine. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Baba odakiwe futhi beyiziphukuphuku", kodwa kuye kwaba njalo ngabaningi. Owabe cracker Catherine ozalwa ne ukuxhashazwa nokululazeka yinkantolo, ngaphansi uPetru Golitsyn ukuthi bancishwa zonke isimo abaxotshwayo ngokubamba iqhaza indodana inkosi uzungu sika-Alexei. Kuphela ngemva kokufa uPetru noCatherine wabuyiselwa, wabuyela isimo. Umdwebi ephethwe ukuveza imizwa ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi edidayo imodeli ngokwenza portrait esisemthethweni kuyinto ngokwengqondo ngokujulile.

Umdwebo edume kakhulu

Phezu kokuthola isikhundla olunothile ithimba umculi isimo sabo sezimali siba ngcono kancane. Ngokushesha kwashintsha ukuphila kwakhe siqu - washada Irine Stepanovne Antropovoy, umzala umdwebi odumile. Nge lesi sehlakalo ukubukeka ngokuvamile ezihambisana ezidumile kunazo Matveeva. Andrei Matveevich eziningi azi ngalokho ayebhalwe 1729. "Self-portrait nomkakhe."

Kuningi okuye obungahluleki. Lona ngomunye wabokuqala self-portraits emlandweni Umdwebo isiRashiya, umdwebi wokuqala Russian uziveza nomkakhe. Yiqiniso, Matveev ayebone izigcawu ezifanayo Rembrandt futhi Rubens, kodwa imidwebo yakhe, ugcwalisa umuzwa okhethekile. Inkosikazi abasha wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-16 ubudala, futhi inkosi ngokungagwegwesi ngothando bencoma freshness wakhe. Akenzi ukufihla umculi futhi injabulo yakhe. Lokhu isimo sifana konke: Ukwakheka, ukudweba, ukupendwa kanye Airy ukukhanya, Iphalethi sonorous efudumele. Lena ngobuciko umculi yokudweba ubungoti okusezingeni eliphezulu kweqiniso, kodwa ehaqwe force okuyinto Kwakungavamile ukuba Ochwepheshe European.

Isahluko olunothile Team

Ngo-1730, inhloko yomnyango ebabazekayo leHhovisi izakhiwo okokuqala iba umculi Russian - Andrey Matveyev. Imidwebo ngoba umhlobiso amakamelo isimo namagumbi yangasese, imidwebo zokuhlobisa mbumbulu, Interiors kanye ifenisha, imifanekiso okwesikhathi ababhishobhi elalisanda kwakhiwa futhi amasonto - ivolumu kanye ezihlukahlukene kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweNdikimba Matveeva isebenza omkhulu. Isikali: insiza, Umklamo okwakuhilela nethimba lakhe olunothile, ushintsha kakhulu kusukela lombhishobhi uPetru noPawulu kuya dovecote bobukhosi, kusukela iSigele Hall Nambili Amakolishi (Petrovsky University Hall) ngaphambi yokudweba namakalishi wasebukhosini.

umnyango waso kwakuyindishi sibonelo wekusasa Academy of Arts. olutheni futhi izimfanelo zomuntu Matveeva (isineke ukunakekela abasha) wamsiza ukulungiselela izisebenzi ezintsha, onekhono futhi unesibopho ithimba labo, abezindaba Russian wendawo.

Impilo engeyinhle ukuthi overstrained ngokuphelele umsebenzi onzima. Entwasahlobo ka-1739, wayesefa. Material ifa Matveeva, wehlele kithi umthamo yayo incane kakhulu. Kodwa kwanele ukulinganisa umnikelo esivelele umculi e Umdwebo yasekhaya.