Kuyini uvendle? Izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, imigomo

Kuze kube muva nje, uvendle nesifo wayebhekwa njengomfel 'isifo zesikhathi esidlule ", njengoba kuyaqabukela wahlangana. Kodwa ngenxa okungazelelwe nokuqubuka entsha isifo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene imibuzo: "Yini-ke kuyinto uvendle?" futhi, "Ngingamtshela kanjani ukuvikela ngokwami?" futhi ezindebeni wonke umuntu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda kabanzi le ndaba ukuba zenze konke ezingakwenza futhi bavikele izingane zabo.

Poliovirus novendle

Ngakho, liyini uvendle? Lena isifo oyingozi okubangelwa poliovirus. Kuthinta emgogodleni grey ndaba nezinye izingxenye isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Igciwane Owandisa izimpahla ku cytoplasm lamaseli abathintekayo.

Ngokuvamile, isifo sitholakale izingane ezincane, okungenani - e intsha.

Ukwahlukaniswa uvendle

Poliomyelitis kungenziwa labizwa phezu nemingcele eziningana, kuye ngohlobo, kobukhulu kanye nohlobo isifo.

1. ngu uhlobo ukutheleleka zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• ejwayelekile ngesikhathi esithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
• atypical lapho lesi sifo khona izimpawu ebonakalayo ( "isifo encane").

2. Ngokwenkolelo kobukhulu poliomyelitis isifo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:

• ifomu ezinzima;
• Isisindo esivamile;
• ifomu engasindi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunquma degree of kobukhulu kungaba udokotela ukuhlola umthamo motor iziyaluyalu futhi sibone indlela kakhulu uzwakalise ukudakwa.

3. ubunjalo isifo kungaba:

• bushelelezi, lapho kuthatha indawo ngaphandle nanoma yiziphi izinkinga;
• nonsmooth, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kukhona yezinkinga ngesimo exacerbation izifo ezingelapheki, ngokujoyina igciwane yesibili, nokunye. d.

Izizathu ukuvela nokwanda kwezifo

Poliovirus, okuyinto agent causative of poliomyelitis, kuyinto ezintathu izinhlobo. Basuke ebekwe zesi-Roman I, II no III.

Imithombo ukutheleleka: iziguli kanye abathwali uvendle igciwane.

Igciwane idluliselwa ngezindlela ezintathu:

1. amaconsi Airborne. Uma isiguli sine ngegciwane noma lwegciwane yenethiwekhi uku isikhwehlela pharyngeal ngesikhathi ukhwehlela noma sneezing uvendle igciwane angangena ipheshana zokuphefumula wabantu enempilo nokuvuselela ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo.
2. umzila Oral-fecal. Kulokhu, lesi sifo kungenxa ukusetshenziswa ubisi nekipyachonogo igciwane, imifino ezingahlanjiwe kukhiwa esihlahleni nobe izithelo. Ukuze uthole ukudla kusukela Lingaqhubeka indle yomuntu ogulayo ngosizo Vector - izimpukane.
3. indlela kwansuku zonke. Igciwane idluliselwa ngokwabelana ezivamile izinto zasekhaya kanye tableware.

Indlela ukucacisa uvendle ingane

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni lesi sifo ihlala isicelo sokwenyusa angu-8 kwangu-12 izinsuku. Nakuba zikhona izikhathi lapho kungathatha 5 kuya 35 izinsuku. Yilokho side kangakanani isikhathi esesadlula esikhathini ukutheleleka kuze izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izimpawu imakwe ka -polio e izingane zitholakala kuphela 10% eziguli. Kwezinye izimo, ungafunda mayelana kungenzeka wayethole isifo esithile, kodwa izifundo zokwelapha.

Ngaphambi kokucabangela le izimpawu, udinga ukukhumbula lokho uvendle futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ihlukaniswe, njengoba izimpawu ezahlukene kanye ahambisanayo, kuye ngohlobo izifo.

Phakathi amafomu atypical ukutheleleka ( "izifo ezincane") izimpawu uvendle ezinganeni zimi kanje:

• abukhali ukwanda lezivakashi e lokushisa lomzimba kuya 39-40 degrees;
• ukudakwa omnene, okuyinto obonakala njengenhlangano uhudo nokuhlanza;
• ukuphathwa ikhanda;
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu,
• ukucobeka jikelele;
• ukozela noma ukuqwasha;
• ukujuluka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase uzizwe amakhala yisisu kanye umphimbo obuhlungu.

ifomu atypical (noma ayahluleka) ukutheleleka kungaba ngokuvamile kudidaniswe isiphi esinye isifo yegciwane, kusukela azikho ethize izimpawu uvendle.

Uma "isifo encane" aluphumeleli ku olandelayo (predparaliticheskuyu) esiteji, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-7 ingane uyalulama ngokuphelele.

Uma ingane itheleleke ifomu ejwayelekile ukutheleleka isigaba "isifo ongaphakeme" ngokushelela ku "isifo esikhulu" futhi kuhambisana izici ezengeziwe:

• eqinisa ka ikhanda;
• ubuhlungu entanyeni emuva;
• nobuhlungu ezingalweni nasemilenzeni;
• imisipha ukukhathala.

Luhlolo Clinical kanye nezivivinyo phakathi nalesi sigaba wabonisa ukwanda cerebrospinal ingcindezi uketshezi, encishisiwe amazinga amaprotheni emzimbeni, kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo leukocyte.

In the ukungabikho ukukhubazeka we lokushisa lomzimba benganhlanhlathi ekupheleni kwesonto lesi sifo yesibili, futhi ekupheleni eyesithathu ekugcineni anyamalale nazo zonke ezinye izimpawu.

Ifomu kofé uhlangothi lesi sifo siba 1 kuphela 1000. Khona-ke, ukuze ujoyine izimpawu eziyinhloko:

• imisipha ukudikiza;
• nokugcinwa urinary;
• ukubukeka paresis kanye nokukhubazeka we izitho zomzimba isiqu.

Kuye ingxenye ethintekile emgogodleni, ukukhubazeka kungenzeka lumbar, thoracic noma nomgogodla wesibeletho. I ukukhubazeka evamile lumbar.

Qeda isikhathi kofé uhlangothi ephelezelwa ugobile yomgogodla, ukusonteka futhi kunciphisa nasemilenzeni, okuholela ukungakwazi yabo ephelele.

Izinkinga nemiphumela hlupheka uvendle

Uma uvendle agcinwe kule fomu ayahluleka, yimuphi imiphumela emibi ke uyothwala hhayi nganoma iyiphi indlela kuthinte okuphila kwesikhathi esizayo ingane.

Uma lesi sifo siphasise isigaba yokufa uhlangothi, isimo sibe nesineke iba ezibucayi. Lapho umgogodla cord yokulimala encishisiwe kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi belimala motor yayo amakhono ukunqaba. Ezimweni yokuntula imisiwe noma ephelele ukwelashwa okufanelekile umuntu ukuphila kuba inoperable sikhutshaziwe ngenxa imisipha yoma futhi paresis.

Uma ukukhubazeka kuziwa thoracic, kungaba ngisho ukubulala ngenxa ukubambezeleka ukuphefumula ukuthi kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukukhubazeka kwemisipha intercostal kanye diaphragm.

ukwelashwa uvendle

Ukwelashwa Kwenziwa kuphela izilungiselelo esibhedlela.

uphulukisa Special uvendle alikho, ngakho ukuphathwa siyefana. Isiguli njalo ukuphehla ukushisa bafake amaphilisi ezinhlungu kanye sedatives. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Yiqiniso inikezwa uvithamini (amavithamini B6, B12, B1, C), ama-amino acid, i-gamma globulin.

Esigabeni acute lesi sifo isiguli sikhombisa esiqinile embhedeni umbuso isikhathi kuze kufinyelele 3 amaviki.

Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka we thoracic, isiguli ibekwe emshinini womoya-mpilo.

ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa nemilenze okhubazekile nomgogodla. Odokotela ukuthi zonke izingxenye zomzimba esimweni zemvelo.

Imilenze ibekwe parallel nomunye, ngaphansi ngamadolo nezihlanganiso hip buyela ezinamasondo. Izinyawo kufanele perpendicular shins, lokhu ebiyelwe esinqeni umcamelo obukhulu.

Izandla ohlukanisile ezinhlangothini futhi ibheke endololwaneni i-engela 90 degrees.

Ukuze uthuthukise conduction kwamanyuroni, isiguli okunqunyiwe "Neuromidin", "Dibazol", "Neostigmine".

I ezithathelwanayo ukwelashwa umnyango sihlala 2-3 amasonto. Lokhu kuhlola kulandelwa inkathi yokutakula - ngowokuqala esibhedlela bese esigulini esingalalisiwe esibhedlela. Wokutakula ekilasini ne udokotela wezifo zamathambo, hydrotherapy, yokuzijwayeza yezokwelapha, Physiotherapy.

Ngemva uvendle Kunconywa ukwelashwa kulesi sibhedlela.

Prevention uvendle

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-polio nesineke kudingeka nabanye okungenani amaviki 6, njengoba kuba othwala igciwane.

Ukuze bazivikele lesi sifo, asikwazi bayakhohlwa izizathu ivela khona (uma kungeyena umqedazwe). Zonke ezithathwe ukudla imifino nezithelo kufanele wageza kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukugijima. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla (mhlawumbe ngensipho namanzi) ngaphambi kokudla nangemuva emgwaqweni futhi kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

Ngeshwa, ezingenhla kuphela unciphise amathuba okuba nezifo, kodwa musa ukuvikela ngokumelene nalo. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi indlela samanje isivikelo igciwane uhlala ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba uvendle. Lokhu kufezwa sibonga lokugoma yesimanje, okuyinto ithoma endaweni ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila komntwana.

wokugoma Uvendle

Ukugonywa - ingenye yezindlela eyinhloko ekuvimbeleni uvendle.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-yokugoma:

1. OPV (poliovirus attenuated) - bukhoma uvendle igciwane ( "Sabine" wokugoma).
2. IPV (poliovirus inaktirovanny) - iqukethe poliovirus nge formalin abulawe.

Uhlobo ngalunye wokugoma has izici zayo siqu kanye contraindications, ngakho kufanele sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo ngokwehlukile.

wokugoma OPV

OPV lokugoma Kwenziwa instillation 2-4 amathonsi zomuthi emlonyeni womntwana (ku lymphoid womphimbo noma amalaka, kuye ngokuthi yobudala kwengane).

Umgomo akangenanga esiswini, amathonsi post-polio ngeke ukwazi ukondla namanzi ingane ngaphakathi ihora elilodwa.

Ngaphambi yokugoma akuvunyelwe ukungena ekudleni ingane ukudla entsha.

Ngaphambi yokugoma kuyadingeka ukuze pre-ukuthenga antipyretic futhi imithi yokungezwani komzimba.

Ukuze bagweme ukubanjwa kwadlula isikhathi esithile ngemva wokugoma abakwazi ukuqabula sezindebeni ingane futhi kubalulekile ukuthi ugeza izandla emva ukuhlanza inhlanzeko kanye nengane.

OPV yokugoma is contraindicated uma:

• ingane noma ilunga lomndeni immunodeficiency azalwa naso noma-HIV;
• ezungezwe nge kwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma lactating;
• abazali bengane uhlela ukukhulelwa eyodwa ngaphezulu;
• side effects okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama odlule OPV imigomo;
• iguliswa izingxenye umgomo (i-streptomycin, polymyxin B, neomycin).

Abazali abaningi banesithakazelo umbuzo ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza uvendle (umjovo), lapho ingane ukuthi nginesifo yezifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezibangelwa amagciwane. Impendulo ilula: ungapheli! Kuleso simo, lokugoma kuphela ngemva yokutakula.

wokugoma IPV

IPV is busuka phansi kwesikhumba umzimba noma intramuscularly. Kukhonjiswe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• ingane kusukela ekuzalweni ebuthaka sokuzivikela ezifweni;
• ingane umama okhulelwe.

Futhi nje, umgomo i esetshenziswa abasebenzi bezempilo ngubani ngibabona njalo neziguli.

Ngaphambi yokugoma, hlola khona e iKhabhinethi ikhaya imithi Allergy izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa antipyretic.

Akuvunyelwe ungene ekudleni imikhiqizo emisha ukuze ugweme kungenzeka ukusabela nomzimba.

Poliomyelitis (inoculation): yezinkinga side effects

Endabeni izinto ezilandelayo ezibonisa imiphumela yokungenela yezokwelapha ayidingekile:

• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo (yesikhathi esisodwa);
• okwandisa ukwethuka;
• ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi indawo umjovo;
• ikhanda;
• lokushisa emva yokugoma uvendle - ongafinyelela izinga 38.5 degrees.

Ukuze usize ingane yakho futhi sithuthukise impilo yakhe, udinga ukuba amnike umenzeli antipyretic ngesimo ukumiswa noma paratsetamolovoy amakhandlela. Ngokuvamile, njengoba nje izinga lokushisa lehla ezivamile, zinyamalale nesikhonzi yayo izimpawu yokugula: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu bekhanda, imisipha kancane.

Kwezinye izimo, lo dokotela weluleka ukunikeza antipyretic ingane ngesikhathi esisodwa ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba kuyanda lokushisa.

Nokho, kunezimo lapho kubalulekile ukuze ujike kudokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka noma ushayele i-ambulense:

• ingane uvele iphika noma nobunzima ukuphefumula;
• izinga lokushisa esasivele phezu degrees 39 angangeni phakathi antipyretics;
• ingane baba lethargic futhi angasebenzi;
• ingane siyenzeka ukozela kanye ukucobeka;
• uvele ukulunywa noma isifuba esizeni inoculation, noma emzimbeni wonke;
• kwakukhona okuncane ukuvuvukala ubuso noma amehlo;
• zikhona nobunzima yokugwinya.

Uvendle Ukugonywa esimisweni yokugoma kwezingane

Ukugonywa uvendle uqhutshwa ngokuvumelana iHhovisi lezeMpilo isimiso sivunyiwe:

1. umjovo wokuqala idiphtheria novendle ingane nasenkathini ezinthathu.

2. angahlaba wesibili kwenziwa izinsuku 45 emva kokuqala - ngezinyanga ezingu 4.5.

3. angahlaba lwesithathu nolokugcina njengesithunywa komjovo uvendle yenziwa lapho ingane ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-6 ubudala.

Revaccination njengoba isakhi esiyisibopho isivikelo isifo

inqubo-polio booster kusiza ingane ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba impilo yonke yilesi sifo. Nanguya eneminyaka engu-18 no-24 izinyanga, futhi ngemva - iminyaka 6 emva yokugoma zokugcina.

Olwenziwe ukuhlola kuveza ukuthi ngemva yokugoma ka DPT novendle Amathuba isifo iseduze zero. Lokhu waphinda kufakazela ukusebenza yokugoma, kanye nabazali nezingane zigonywe ukuthi yini uvendle, kuphela uma kukhulunywa nje, futhi, ngenhlanhla, akasoze akubona zako practice.