Howitzer "Hyacinth". Cannon "Hyacinth-B": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe kanye nezithombe

Cishe 50-60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, ukuthuthukiswa bendabuko inganono wezikhali eU.SSR wacishe wama. Khona-ke, e-imfundiso lempi umbono esandile sokuba umuntu Ngokuzayo - ngokuba rocket. Ezimweni ezinjalo, onjiniyela of ngezikhali ezivamile kwadingeka asebenze kanzima ukuze akholise abaholi bezwe isidingo ukuqhubeka kwaleli gatsha eziphathelene nezempi.

Isizathu sokugcina sasinjani isimo esithile "asobala" ngaleso sikhathi, lapho howitzer ubudala Soviet zimbi kakhulu ukwedlula ngentuthuko yakamuva ye gunsmiths American. Kwakubonakala howitzer "Hyacinth" ngaleyo nkathi. Ukudalwa kwawo kwaqala inkathi entsha lapho ukubaluleka the classic inganono wezikhali kakade awuzange phikisa. amayunithi self ezinezinjini elinegama elifanayo zadalwa ku kwesisekelo salo, esiwulwazi kube yilolu suku enkonzweni emhlabeni wonke.

Imininingwane Basic lobuchwepheshe

Ngakho ngokuthi iSoviet ukukhiqizwa towed isibhamu osezingeni okuyinto 152 mm. Ngakho, ke kungokwalabo esigabeni wezikhali esindayo. Le nqubo ibizwa okuhloswe ukucindezela futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe isitha elihamba, wezikhali, izimoto armored kanye nekulwa isitha ezisendleleni, kanye ukubhujiswa ezinezivikelo eziqinile umyalo okuthunyelwe nezindawo emakamu amabutho esitha.

Njengezinye izinto ezifanayo Soviet, howitzer "Hyacinth" ingasetshenziswa anhlobonhlobo sezulu kanye izimo zezulu ngempumelelo. Hhayi ukuba okungenasisekelo, sikunikeza isibonelo ukhonkolo. Ngakho, ngo-ukuhlolwa ke kuye kwabonisa imiphumela emihle lapho kokudubula ku izimo kuma lokushisa kusuka -50 ° C kuya +50 ° C. Lokhu inganono umi phezu Russian-Armed Forces, kanye nakwamanye amazwe, ngaphambili ingxenye yase-USSR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, howitzer "Hyacinth" is ehlome impi Finnish.

Mfushane Umlando

Kutfutfukiswa uhlobo olusha izikhali waqala ngo-1968 e Perm. wenze isibhamu esisha, izici okuyinto babuyoba ngaphezu analogue ekhona ngalolo suku, omunye Kwakuwumsebenzi konjiniyela kusukela ekuqaleni. Zisuka nje, it wethulwa design ezimbili zama-ukufaka. wokuqala - towed howitzer "Hyacinth 2A36", owesibili - umfuziselo 2A37. I isibhamu zakamuva senzelwe obandayo kwi wezikhali self ezinezinjini enegama efanayo.

Ekuqaleni, umklami abakhulu wamiswa njengombonisi unjiniyela abanamakhono yn Kalachnikov. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sigameko izibhamu amasampula lokuqala ezaboniswa kakade eminyakeni 1971-1972. Ngu ibutho laseSoviet yokuthi yaqala ukukhulunywa ezithunyelwe nge 1976. Kungani onjalo osezingeni isibhamu esincane "Hyacinth" wakhethwa? Howitzer 240 mm kungaba ngempumelelo ngaphezulu ngokuya amandla ukulwa, yilokho kuphela ukuthutha monster enjalo kwakuyoba kwadingeka ukuba ziveze tractor ekhethekile.

Izizathu ukuthandwa

Ngisho nanamuhla, "akusebenzi" imodeli 2A36 sinezici kakhulu ezenza howitzer isikhali esesabekayo. It libhekene namandla amakhulu ukulwa, angahlali okusezingeni eliphezulu nokwethembeka. Kungaba okufanele athuthwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga ekhethekile ngesitimela, ngasolwandle emoyeni. Uma isibhamu "Hyacinth" asetshenziswa i team 'ebona, ingasetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimo kwezimpi zanamuhla ngempumelelo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa kudivayisi lobuchwepheshe

I isibhamu ifakwe esangweni uhlobo semiautomatic recuperator Hydro-womoya, esebenzisa amandla ukufinyela umgqomo ukuze ubuyele esikhundleni sazo sokuqala ngemuva kokwenza shot. Ukuze iwenze ube lula ukuphathwa izinhlamvu esindayo, kukhona uchungechunge okuphakelayo indlela kokubili igobolondo, exosha powder icala (ehlukile ukushaja amagobolondo).

Ukuze umkhiqizo ngokuqondile imashi Ukuvutha (sicabangela amasondo posted) Pallet isetshenziswa nesilingo esinamandla Jack wokubacindezela. Isakhiwo isibhamu inikeza isiqondiso mpo isivinini double indlela. Ngqo thuluzi 152 mm ubukhulu isibhamu, imodeli 2A36. Ngesikhathi nomlomo ukubopha Imininingwane emgqonyeni ubude 8197 mm.

ukulwa ukuthunyelwa

He khiqiza isibhamu "Hyacinth" in the inqola izisekelo ezintathu kulokho yayifana kakhulu 122-mm towed howitzer D-30. Ababili embhedeni amathathu ayizinsuku ezithathekayo, ukuze ukuthunyelwa inqubo ibhethri sezwe lilula. Ngesikhathi lo msebenzi uthatha kulesi sibalo okulungiselelwe imizuzu akukho kuka ezimbili noma ezintathu. Njengoba isisindo isibhamu incane (amathani ayishumi), indinganiso ibutho ugandaganda ingasetshenziswa zokuthutha.

Yini amasu ingasetshenziswa ethwele?

Qaphela ukuthi izimoto le njongo ingasetshenziswa KrAZ-255, KrAZ-260 (6x6) noma standard abakhasi ugandaganda AT-T, ATC, ATS-59 ATS, MT-T, okuyizinto enkonzweni cishe nawo wonke lamazwe iqhaza Warsaw Pact atheleka. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho ukuthutha uvunyelwe esebenzisa ugandaganda sika isivinini ukunyakaza kuya ku-60 km / h. Lokhu "Hyacinth-B" eqhathanisa kahle nabanye howitzers towed, emi inkonzo wezwe lakithi futhi NATO.

Kulwa nomthelela

Kuhlala ekhatsi inqola of esinamandla wenza sibonga kungenzeka yokuthi iye yasetshenziswa kwabhoboka nomlomo we design akhethekile, esangenza ukubuyiselwa cishe kabili aphansi. Ukuze lula ukubala umsebenzi, uma umklamo kudivayisi uchungechunge projectiles supply. Phezulu kukhona ukukhanya umshini unogada evikela abasebenzi kusukela zezibhamu eziyingozi. Kepha ukusebenza ballistic, zingabantu cishe kuyafana for the howitzer ML-20.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwakhiwa ngesikhwama esivikelayo isihlangu Abaklami babenegunya elikhulu lokudlela ngaleso sikhathi. Iqiniso lokuthi isivivinyo yasekuqaleni amasosha ayegubha senzo nomlomo sinamandla kakhulu. It hhayi kuphela ephakanyiswe ifu uthuli, ahlale obala isitha ngokuphelele, kodwa kungabangela ukulimala okubi ukubala. Ukutadisha konke lokhu kwaziswa, abaklami wakwazi ukwakha isihlangu kuqhathaniswa compact kodwa ngempumelelo, okuyinto kwezinye izimo uyakwazi ukumelana ngisho isibhamu umshini kokudubula wezikhali isikhundla.

indlela underride

Njengoba sishilo kakade, e amathuluzi design esetshenziswa nomlomo ukubopha slotted hlobo. Kodwa akwanele ukuze kwakuzosuswa ukufinyela eziqine lapho kokudubula igobolondo 152-milimitha. Ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ukubala we ukulimala futhi ukuthuthukisa ngokudubula ukunemba, nabaqambi abahlinzeke a ukubopha wokubacindezela futhi recuperator womoya.

Ngokungafani nezinye howitzers yasekhaya, lona wamuva ligcwele nitrogen. Lokhu kunika amandla igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali wokukucima enamandla umthelela projectiles nge ukusebenza kahle ephakeme.

Izici amagobolondo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikakhulukazi "Hyacinth-B" ngesikhathi isibhamu esikhethekile ehlukile-case ukulayisha zenzelwe. Kwakuhlangene yokuthi abe umsebenzi kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi nemibandela ezinzima ngaphambi abaklami. Babefanele ukudala isikhali, esesikhundleni ukuhamba eyanele obukhulu nge high amandla ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu kwakuyodingeka ukukhonza abantu abangaphezu kuka ezintathu noma ezine.

Ngakho ake bhala yonke izinhlobo ezinkulu amagobolondo engasetshenziswa "Hyacinth". Howitzer, okuyinto isithombe ephepheni, Kuphendula lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izinhlamvu:

• VOF39 imodeli. shot Standard ku umklamo kuhlanganisa ephezulu alufakwa icala RP-29. Ingqikithi yesisindo kuyinto 46 khilogremu, zazo 6,73 kg angako ikakhulukazi ebangeni alufakwa A-IX-2.
• Thayipha ZVOF86. Kuyathakazelisa ngoba isakhiwo e rocket-basiza projectile RP-59 imodeli, ngawo ungaqiniseka hit ilitshe at amabanga amakhilomitha kuze kube 33,5.
• ibhomu ekhethekile enuzi umthamo ongaphakeme kuphinde lakhiwe (0.1-2 kg). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje lezi Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe uvinjelwe ngenombolo neyesigodi. Nokho, usadinga khumbula ukuthi howitzer "Hyacinth", elinikeza izimfanelo iphepha lethu, nomlilo lezi Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe. Lokhu kwenza kube isikhali esiyingozi ngokwedlulele phakathi ezihlukahlukene tube wezikhali.
• Shot ikhasethi uhlobo 3o-13. Can zibe nama kwehlukana submunitions, okwamanje kukhona Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe cluster, asebenzisa yabo umcabango-mgomo submunitions. High ukulwa ukusebenza kufezwa ngokusebenzisa yesimanje injongo izinzwa. Ngokulinganiswa muva nje amagobolondo athuthukile, okuyinto angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza jammer kwaphazamiseka ukubuyisela wezikhali target isitha.
• Kukhona shot anti-ezuziwe (ngokudubula umlilo kuphela ngqo) kanye intuthu amabhomu.

ukulwa isicelo

ukusebenza okungokoqobo endleleni izimo Afghanistan wabonisa ukuthi umzuzu owodwa okulungiselelwe kanye abaqeqeshiwe ukubala angakhiqiza amahlanu noma ayisithupha isibhamu. Ngokuvamile, ukubuyekezwa lempi ngalokhu zikhali ezithophayo kakhulu: amandla kanye kuqhubeke omuhle kakhulu projectiles kungaqinisekisa ukubhubhisa cishe kunoma iyiphi izinqaba isitha.

Qaphela ukuthi lezo zimo The Gunners kwadingeka basebenze kanzima, njengoba ezibukwayo ukuhlolwa imigomo bacishe neze, futhi kushintshashintsha entabeni sezulu inkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngisho umlilo oqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "Hyacinth" badinga ukunconywa wethu impi, ngenxa linokwethenjelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu: ngisho nangemva isibhamu kweshumi eziningana wadubula ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zibhamu ilungele ukulwa olwengeziwe.

Qaphela ukuthi howitzer 152-mm "Hyacinth" ngempela ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa amasosha ethu kokubili imikhankaso Chechen. amandla Combat kwaleli thuluzi ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa inkonzo enhle, ngoba kungenziwa kwadingeka ngaphandle kobudisi ukubhubhisa isikhundla namabutho, ngisho noma ayethe njo endaweni izakhiwo omkhulu ukhonkolo. volleys eziningana umlilo ngqo - futhi we pillboxes wahlala kuphela isakhiwo entabeni imfucumfucu.

Ubukhulu izibhamu

I isibhamu has a Ubukhulu olubabazeka kakhulu; ubude bayo imayelana 13 amamitha kule sikhundla stowed, e kokudubula inkomba kuyinto mncane - mayelana 12,5 m ukuphakama isiqu kule sikhundla stowed kuyinto 2760 amamilimitha angu .. Ground imvume chassis biaxial - 475 amamilimitha angu. Ububanzi unhlangothi - 2340 mm. I ububanzi ngamunye Amasondo amane kuyinto 1080 amamilimitha angu, ububanzi amathayi - amamilimitha angu-300.

Operating ingcindezi kule amasondo kufanele zigcinwe ngaso 4.8 kg / cm² unhlangothi iziphethu cishe 150 mm. Howitzer ukala "Hyacinth-B" mayelana 9800 amakhilogremu. ububanzi enkulu yama umlilo amagobolondo ephezulu kuqhume kuyinto 28,5 amakhilomitha. Ngasiphi ibanga usengakwazi ukudubula "Hyacinth"? Howitzer, labadubuli uhla okuyinto ezimweni ezijwayelekile ifinyelela izinkulungwane 25-28 amamitha, endabeni ukusetshenziswa rocket yesimanje nomlilo at ibanga 41 amakhilomitha.

Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isibhamu, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukuthuthukisa ku-yalolucwaningo 60 leminyaka elidlule, namanje libhekene i ukusebenza umxhwele enkundleni yempi.

njengoba ezinye izinguquko

High amandla ukulwa kanye nempumelelo ukusetshenziswa (howitzer self ezinezinjini "Hyacinth 'wathola" Genocide "isidlaliso) nomthelela yokuthi amabhizinisi amaningi aseSoviet Union, baqala ukunikela izinguqulo yabo ukuguqulwa isikhali ewusizo enjalo. Omunye ongakhetha wathola ikhodi BR. Le ncwadi "K" kubonisa kartuzny uhlobo Loader. Ngomqondo onabile, le ndlela kulindeleke: khona kule nokwakheka 152-milimitha projectile zethusi emikhonweni kakhulu kwandisa izindleko zawo.

Kwathiwa wenza inani 155-milimitha "Hyacinth", senzelwe ukuthekelisa emazweni ukuthi wasebenzisa wezikhali amagobolondo NATO ejwayelekile.