Heroes of eChernobyl. Bendawo yengozi EChernobyl

Eyakhelwe 1954 esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi lokuqala eSoviet Union nokwenza athomu ukukhonza izinjongo zokuthula, isintu owakholwa yokungatholi ugesi ezishibhile kakhulu. Ngo-80-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, kwakukhona kakade 360 izitshalo amandla enuzi. 1986 ngo-April 26 , umphakathi wezwe lonke usefunde wentengo wangempela amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu, wafa emisebeni nemiphumela yako, izinkulungwane 300 abangenamakhaya, amadolobha ishiywe kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Kodwa izisulu kungaba ngisho ephakeme uma hhayi abantu, amaqhawe wangempela eChernobyl, ukuvimbela i nenhlekelele enkulu nakakhulu ngezimpilo zabo.

Le ngozi ngesikhathi eChernobyl isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi

Ngobusuku buka-April 26 besalele izakhamizi emadolobheni Ukraine Pripyat futhi eChernobyl, elise ngokulandelana 4 futhi 18 km kusuka isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi, okuyinto baqashwe iningi labantu abadala. Isihlangu 4-th block, lapho ophendulayo abangu test № 4 olwenziwa ixazululwe isiphetho kwabo okudabukisayo iminyaka eminingi. Indlela ukunquma kamuva ikhomishana uhulumeni, imingcele edingekayo, okwabangela izinqubo ongalawuleki oholele ukuqhuma ophendulayo adicilelwe phakathi novivinyo. amathani 50 uphethiloli waphunyuka phandle, njengoba ingaphezulu izikhathi 10 ngaphandle Hiroshima elidumile.

Isijeziso kuzodlondlobalisa ukuphathwa eChernobyl: siqhuba test, iPhini abakhulu unjiniyela A. Iziqophamithi kanye nomqondisi wanoma eChernobyl V Bryuhanov ukuthola isikhathi esiyiminyaka 10. Kusukela ngemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe lokuqala lincibilika ukuphila ngo-1995. Unjiniyela omkhulu ilahlekelwe engqondweni yakhe. Kuphela nineties ikhomishana uhulumeni uyabona ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko yengozi iphutha elibi kakhulu, futhi kuwo kanye umklamo we ophendulayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjani, abahlanganyeli lokuqala le nhlekelele yaseChernobyl - izisebenzi esiteshini. Lapho kubhujiswa iyunithi isakhiwo, kwashona abantu ababili, bonke abanye (134) ababeguliswa ukugula ngemisebe babo kungakabiphi bafa 24 (28 ngomlilo).

Setha ngezinyawo endleleni enye inhlekelele

Ngemva ukuqhuma ezimbili umehluko imizuzwana ezimbili (e iri -1 begodu namaminithi 23) lo ophendulayo yakhe yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, okubangela imililo-30. esiteshini opharetha aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ngubani akazange anqikaze nomlilo nezicimo baphuthuma sizilungise. Nakuba umqondisi V Bryuhanov bafike endaweni 2 enhloko esiteshini, e beshaqekile, i esitolo kagesi balwisana ukuvimbela i-hydrogen ukuqhuma, okungase amboze Minsk, le kude ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwangu-300.

Izwe kumelwe lazi amagama amaqhawe eChernobyl. iphini shift umphathi oneminyaka engu-47 ubudala u-Alexander Lelechenko mathupha ivinjiwe ukugeleza hydrogen ekamelweni engine, esophahleni okwakukhona kakade umlilo.

Ezinsukwini ezine wahlala emsebenzini, ekuqedeni imiphumela yingozi yaseChernobyl nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ephephile amandla enuzi amayunithi kwabathathu bokuqala. Kusukela aluhambisani ne amazinga okukhishwa kwemisebe yokuphila Alexander Lelechenko wafa 7 Meyi kakade ngonyaka wathola isihloko posthumous ka Hero of Ukraine.

namaqhawe True - izicishamlilo of eChernobyl

Alamu onogada esevukile eChernobyl izicishamlilo bese Pripyat, eyokuqala wafika esiteshini imizuzu 7 ngemva kokuba luqalile ukuphahlazeka. abantu abangu-28 baphuthuma nemililo ngaphansi kobuholi uLieutenant uVladimir noVictor Pravik Kabenka. Bobabili engu-23 ubudala, kodwa isibonelo sabo, base okwesikhathi bomlilo, enikeza iziyalezo ezicacile futhi lapho kunzima kakhulu. ukuphathwa Ubude ukuze Telyatnikov ezinkulu, iphansi kwesandla sika-okuyinto kwenzakala abantu 69 nezimoto 14. Cishe ngaphandle ukuvikelwa, amagilavu kuphela, izigqoko kanye iyunifomu, ngendwangu, awusebenzisi ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu igesi buso TRC-5, ngoba nobusuku obuthathu izicishamlilo sasingazi lutho ngalowo amazinga elimazayo.

Ngu lesine ekuseni umlilo yenziwe yaba yasendaweni kuya eziyisithupha kwathiwa ucime ngokuphelele. Ukulahlekelwa ekulweni umlilo ukwazi, izicishamlilo abaningi wathola umthamo ebulalayo emisebeni futhi yathunyelwa ukwelashwa eMoscow naseKiev. Abantu 13 ukwelashwa endaweni 6th esibhedlela emtholampilo yenhloko-dolobha, 11 baye bafa. Ubani waba nguyise ngenyanga obandulela le nhlekelele, phakathi kwabo UVictor uVladimir Kabenok Pravik. Odokotela bathi indlela ekhethiwe nokwelashwa Dr. Gale eyayingalungile. UProfesa leonid Kindzelskomu ekhatsi Kiev, ukusebenzisa linendlela yalo ukwelashwa, zonke iziguli wakwazi ukuhlenga. izicishamlilo amathathu Vladimiru Praviku, uVictor futhi leonid Kabenku Telyatnikov, waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Bakwazi ukusinda kuphela yokugcina ukhushuliwe elisezingeni jikelele.

Izicishamlilo - Heroes Ukraine

izicishamlilo amathathu kwabokuqala ubanjwe ngesikhathi indawo crash baklonyeliswa isihloko Hero of Ukraine. Phakathi kwabo Vasily Ignatenko, oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala abasebenzi usayitsheni. ezimpilweni zabo ensizweni uhoxile umlilo ezintathu ozakwabo kwadingeka ukwazi elahlekile nokusondelana. umkakhe owayekhulelwe wayengakwazi ukulondoloza indodakazi wathola emisebeni ngesikhathi evakashele umyeni wakhe esibhedlela eMoscow. Dose kwaba ebulalayo izinsana.

USergeant oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala u-Nicholas Vashchuk kanye UNikolai Tytenok oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala babephakathi kwalabo bophulwe Ignatenko. Kodwa wonke amalungu omndeni ezimiselwe nxi - afele esibhedlela. Babesebenza endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, ekuvimbeleni umlilo usabalale emandleni lwesithathu. Kulapho ezingeni emisebeni kwaba kweliphezulu. Heroes of eChernobyl kwesokunxele memory esibonga, nokuningi - amadodana amabili.

Fire - Hero Russia

Fire Chief of the Ministry USSR Wezangaphakathi Main uMnyango ULieutenant Kol uVladimir Maksimchuk bafike endaweni eChernobyl isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi njengengxenye ikhomishana uhulumeni. Wayefanele yisabelo phambili umlilo lokulwa ngobusuku Meyi 23. Mayelana nale ndaba isikhathi eside ngithulile: usongo ukuqhuma entsha ophendulayo 4th esaba khona lapho ukuthungela amaphampu isiyingi futhi ephezulu zikagesi onamandla amakhulu. Akakuvumeli izicishamlilo izibalo, neqembu intelligence uColonel langena endaweni yesehlakalo umlilo. Ngokubeka degree of ingozi futhi ekuboneni ukuthi ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe (250 roentgen ngehora), uVladimir Maksimchuk mathupha emsebenzini wokutakula, ukunquma isikhathi esiphezulu sokuhlala ensimini ka umlilo imizuzu eyishumi.

Izoni ukucima umlilo isu elikhethekile lwaqala, futhi izibalo ukulwa usushintshile njalo ukwazisa nomunye yezinguquko ezintsha. umlawuli yedwa isikhathi eqenjini ngalinye futhi wazithola esephindele phakathi iphuzu eziyingozi kakhulu, ukukhonza njengesisebenzi ngesibonelo sakhe sesibindi siqu. Lona izwe iminyaka eminingi - 'imfihlo "feat. Heroes of eChernobyl kwakufanele imiklomelo amane abacishi bomlilo, ayeholwa umlawuli uyoba ukusitheka embhedeni wasesibhedlela. Ngo-1994, eneminyaka engu-46 futhi isikhundla the MVD Izikhungo Yangaphakathi uMajor General uVladimir Maksimchuk wafa, ngokuba kwakhe ngo-2003 yathola Hero isihloko Russia.

Ngobani Bendawo

Omunye sofakazi kuqala, ngubani walihoxisa ophendulayo Ngemva kwaleyo ngozi, opharetha kwaba yezindaba Igor Kostin. Wabona isithombe nya, sengathi ngemva kwempi yenuzi. Imiphumela yingozi yaseChernobyl - akusiyo kuphela ukukhululwa kwe fuel yenuzi, kodwa futhi ukungcoliswa eqinile yokuguga endaweni ayizinkulungwane 200 amakhilomitha square. Yefilakisi baqhubeka nokujikijela ophendulayo igesi enemisebe nothuli emkhathini, kumele kumiswe. Akukona ukuvala amathuba kuqhuma ngenxa ingozi yesibili ukuthi ngaphansi ophendulayo ukwambula isisekelo sawo esakhiwe ukhonkolo, futhi magma izoxhumeka amanzi.

Nokho, iziphathimandla wacindezela imiphumela le nhlekelele nezincwadi bavela okokuqala cindezela kuphela ngemuva kwamahora 36. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ifu eqoshiwe e-Europe, futhi full-scale zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku kusuka endaweni eseduze, lapho behlela emlandweni njengoba indawo okungayi, abangazange okwamanje kuqalile. Abantu baqala ukuyisa aphume engaba amakhilomitha amathathu emva izilinganiso eyenziwe iqembu lempi Colonel Grebeniuk e Pripyat. Abenzi kuphela kukhombise ukwenyuka ezadala umonakalo ngo-emisebeni emini, kodwa futhi washaqeka Isikhungo Atomic Energy izibalo ngokuphelele. Isizinda emisebeni idlula umkhawulo kuvunyelwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane 600!

Esikhundleni babaleki owashiya endaweni elinegciwane ngeviki, amahora okuqala angu-yengozi waxosha ochwepheshe ukusebenza ngesikhathi izitshalo amandla enuzi, amayunithi lempi. Kamuva bathi babizwe Bendawo. abantu abayizinkulungwane 600 badonseleka nokuqedwa nemiphumela yengozi emva call uMongameli Gorbachev kumabonakude emva kwezinsuku 18 kusukela ekuqaleni zalesi sibhicongo.

ibutho feat

Ngamunye walabo ukufika ukuqeda imiphumela yale ngozi, umelwe kahle, okungukuthi eChernobyl. Heroes-Bendawo kweminyaka akazisolanga babefanele bamelana ongabonakali isitha - ionizing emisebeni. Naphezu kwezinkinga zempilo nokufa abangani kusuka izifo ezingathi sína. ayizinkulungwane 100 wabo - abayikho abameleli impi, kuhlanganise 600 helicopter umshayeli, uyokwenza konke ukuthulisa ophendulayo alamu. Ngo ikhomishana uhulumeni ukuqeda imiphumela kuhlanganisiwe Academician VA Legasov ezahlela isikhathi sokuphonsa ingxube ku ophendulayo core isihlabathi, acid boric nomthofu. Phakathi namahora angu-48 yomsebenzi saqala, okuyiwona okungcono helicopter umshayeli Kwakuhileleke, kuhlanganise sokwesulwa Afghanistan.

Ukuthi ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe ngaphezu ophendulayo ngezikhathi 9 umthamo ebulalayo, izinga lokushisa emoyeni ezingeni ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-200 kwaba 120-180 degrees. Ngaphansi kwezimo air ashisayo ingozi enemisebe ukuba amasosha ukuphila izandla angenalutho lehla izikhwama enesisindo 80 kg, futhi wenza kuze kube 33 pilot kusukwe ngosuku, kanye 5-6 ukukhokhela ngemisebe ye-X-ray. Kwathatha amathani 6 ingxube 35% ukunciphisa ekushayweni imithi enobungozi ebulalayo. Phakathi indiza umshayeli lapho Heroes zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Omunye wabo - Nikolay Melnik, yehliselwa zibe ophendulayo kusuka tube ukuphakama shestisotkilogrammovuyu ekulinganiseni amadivayisi ukufunda ubunjalo izinqubo ngaphakathi ukuze ugweme ukuqhuma okuphindaphindiwe. Lo msebenzi filigree wehlela emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama "Lokhozi".

amasosha reserve

Bendawo yengozi EChernobyl - hhayi kuphela ochwepheshe kodwa izikhulu wangaphambili futhi amasosha abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-engamashumi amabili kuya amathathu, bakhangwe amacala empi. Zonke emhlabeni ophendulayo wesine laligcwele fuel ngemisebe. Olwaba nzima into graphite imfucumfucu enemisebe ayenalo zisuswe ophahleni, lapho ukusetshenziswa ekuklameni amarobhothi. Kodwa kwenzekani amazinga emisebeni zasendle waliyisa phansi, ngakho-ke sasingekho isidingo ukuheha abantu. Lezi Amaqhawe eChernobyl wehlela emlandweni ngokuthi "biorobots". Lokhu kuhlinza kwaba ukususa izakhi enemisebe uMajor General Tarakanov, kubalwa ukuthi ngisho isudu zokuzivikela umuntu akakwazi ukuba endaweni ngemisebe ye-X-ray kanye 7000 ezingaphezu kuka imizuzwana engamashumi amane.

Ukuze ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe e namafosholo ezimbili, nensizwa Isisindo 26-30 kg Ukuvikelwa amasonto 2.5 akhwela ophahleni, kokubanga ukuphila nezitho zomzimba. Igor Kostin Konstantin fedotov wawa ukuphinda feat yayo encane izikhathi eziyisihlanu. Njengoba umvuzo, "biorobots" lathola isitifiketi lo liquidator kanye umklomelo ibutho ruble, anamakhulu mane. Ngokusho izibikezelo odokotela, oyedwa kwabahlanu yalezi zingane izokufa ngaphambi kweminyaka eli-40. Impi nesitha esingabonakali siye akukapheli kwaqedwa imisebenzi ku ekucwileni ezikweletini yingozi yaseChernobyl.

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo sarcophagus

Ngaphezu kwakho konke iziteshi eziphuthumayo kwakudingeka ochwepheshe. Izicishamlilo ukuvimbela ekuqhumeni entsha, uzotshala amanzi ngaphansi setshe eziphathekayo ophendulayo, abavukuzi bemba Umhubhe ubude 150 m kusuka iyunithi ingxenye yesithathu ukuhlela ekamelweni ukupholisa usebenzisa liquid nitrogen, futhi besika onjiniyela Kurchatovsky Institute autogenous lokusinda odongeni ukunquma degree of ingozi. Lonke izwe sewukhankase ukusiza ezindaweni ezithintekile, ukudala langempela front-line isimo. Lalivulwe i-akhawunti iminikelo, okuyinto izinyanga eziyisithupha wathola ruble ayizigidi ezingu-520. Isigaba sokugcina lomsebenzi ku lwabo. amandla enuzi lalizoba ukwakhiwa sarcophagus lokuvikela okungcwatshwa ngayo "ukubhema" ophendulayo. Analogue bento kwakungesona emhlabeni, ngakho labo zaklama futhi zakha izindawo ke ezimweni eduze ukulwa, namaqhawe wangempela eChernobyl.

izinsuku 206 adingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ukhonkolo containment isisindo amathani 150 kanye 170 amamitha. Lev Bocharov, omunye Onjiniyela into, ibona ukuthi kunzima kakhulu kwakuwukuthi yonke imininingwane kwadingeka yakhelwe eceleni ukugwema abalimala ezingadingekile. ukwakhiwa Remote kwaholela yokuthi, naphezu umzamo wabantu ayizinkulungwane 90, ukusetshenziswa izindodla metal izakhiwo kanye usimende, eminyakeni 28 kwakukhona Ngokuwa panel ensikeni amamitha angamakhulu amaningana. flyover angeziwe nge indiza ngo-2007 futhi izilinganiso ngemisebe luye lwabonisa ukuthi amandla Phiko usaseyingozi. Ngakho namuhla lwenteke iphrojekthi entsha "Shelter-2" iqhaza amazwe aseYurophu futhi i-United States.

30-ikhilomitha ezungeze isitshalo - uhlala indawo okungayi, lapho abantu ukuhlala kungaba yingozi ngenxa kwazo imisebe. Pripyat isibe lesikhumbuzo walondoloza nenhlekelele ngonyaka 1986.

Heroes of eChernobyl abazinikezele

Usizi lokukhulelwa eChernobyl wabonisa izwe ngalokho okungase kwenzeke uma amandla enuzi is ziphuma endleleni. It uye waqinisa inqubo nezikhali zenuzi futhi isibe, eqinisweni, ekuqaleni ekupheleni-USSR. Kodwa ngisho watshengisa komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba isibindi ubuqhawe zabantu abavamile bezizwe ezihlukahlukene, waqhamuka nganhliziyonye ukuze kusindiswe impucuko European. Ukuzibulala umholi iCommunist Party of Ukraine V Scherbitsky iqhaza ukuze afihle izinga yingozi yaseChernobyl kweqiniso, ngeke bakwazi ukusinda angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa usosayensi VA Legasov, uzizwa icala iningi lososayensi sigameko. Kodwa akukho lutho esingaba namahloni ngakho labo abayophila phakade izinkumbulo zethu kanye nethusi eliningi elingenakulinganiswa. Vyacheslav Kokubu ngosuku esenzeka 25th nhlekelele e-Ukraine kuye eqamba ingoma "Udumo Heroes of eChernobyl", okhuluma ukubonga "kulabo ukulondolozwa emhlabeni nhlekelele, labo sberog udumo lwakhe futhi iyunifomu yakhe."

E-Ukraine, esungulwe ngendondo "Hero of eChernobyl", okuyinto wakhipha kuze kube manje Bendawo abaye babonisa isibindi ezehlukile phakathi nenkathi nzima kuleli zwe. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, umvuzo ezitholakala Kyrgyzstan udokotela Iskender Shayakhmetova isebenza amamitha angamakhulu kusukela iyunithi, ngubani wasindisa ukuphila inqwaba yabantu. Kodwa ngaleso Kiev Isikhungo Kushisa bhé kule ndawo Medicine namanje uya umzabalazo ukungalingani kanye sitha esingabonakali ngenxa yokuphila Bendawo wangaphambili. Ngu UProfesa Anatoly uChumak bahambela wonke amagumbi ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union. Emadolobheni amaningi, amatshe ezikhumbuzo heroes yesibindi eChernobyl izisulu, abaningi babo abaye bafa kweminyaka emiphumeleni ukugula ngemisebe.