Fixed iminyaka: indlela ngokugqilaza abalimi

Isingeniso isikhathi unyaka umkhawulo okukholelwa ukuthi eRussia ngo 1597 ngemiyalo yezikhulu Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Nokho, lesi senzakalo kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe anomlando omude. ERussia, isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba lo mthetho oshiwo ngenhla, isimiso ubudlelwano elihlobene ne-okuthiwa Yuriev suku. Njalo ngonyaka mhla zingama-26 Novemba lugujwe ngosuku Saint George (George), okuyinto ekugcineni yaphela emisebenzini yezolimo.

Kakade ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona abalimi abasebenze amasayithi abo. Futhi labo abaye basebenza ukuze kulendawo nezindawo babe ukuzibophezela ezithile ezatholwa yilaba out "amarekhodi poryadnymi." Uma zonke izimo yesivumelwano Kuye kwenziwa ekwindla ngasekupheleni, sisebenti kungentiwa, emasontweni amabili ngaphambi nangemva Day St George sika ukuya kwenye "umqashi." ucwaningo zomlando lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi eside ngaphambi kokuba kubuse okubizwa ngokuthi iminyaka fixed, abalimi baye abe nethuba elingako ukushintsha Sebawoti. Lokhu lula yokuthi izimo kwezivumelwano phakathi kwabanini bomhlaba kanye abalimi babe prohibitively osindayo nabasebenza emapulazini.

Sebenza nge amarekhodi ubudala wabonisa ukuthi eside ngaphambi kokuba kwavunyelwana ngomthetho oshiwo ngenhla, abalimi babengenawo zisebenzisa ilungelo labo ukuguqulwa. Ngakho, ngo-1580 kwelinye izifunda eMoscow neRussia kubalimi 60 Ushintsha Umninindawo zingase zisebenzise ezimbili kuphela. Kodwa kwakukhona isibalo esanele sabantu ayebalekele enkosini yaso beyofuna ukuphila okungcono.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 isibalo sabo kwaba kangangokuthi kwavunyelwana isimemezelo kokuzincisha ilungelo kubantukazana kuye Day St George kanye ethula iminyaka esenqatshelwe kwezinye izindawo eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphethwa iminyaka isilungisiwe. It kwaba yinkathi abaninimhlaba ungase ufune i abalimi eyayibaleke nabanye abanikazi noma ukubuya labo wabashiya at intando. Ekuqaleni, leli gama uneminyaka engu 5. Ngo-1607 senyuselwa iminyaka engu-15.

Nokho, phakathi Abalimi 'War, lapho abantu abavela ukugqilazwa futhi abantu abaningi balambe esibalekele eningizimu, amaqembu ahlomile kwakhiwa, balwa nohulumeni, iminyaka fixed ezingazange ihlonishwa ngenxa yokuthi izwe lakithi ngaleso sikhathi isimo sempi yombango. Uhulumeni kwadingeka ukuba basuse futhi ukunciphisa umudwa ochaza isikhathi emuva kuze kube iminyaka engu-5.

Esikhathini 40s zeminyaka yekhulu le-17 fixed linwetshelwe iminyaka engu-9, futhi 1642 kwatholakala ukuthi abalimi runaway lungabuyiselwa ingakapheli iminyaka 10 futhi sikhulu kakhulu isidingo evela kumnikazi ezahlukene iminyaka engu-15. Ngo-1649 lwamakhosi Romanov bazama ukwenza izinguquko, isimiso somthetho wezwe, esibonakala by randomness futhi eziningi izinqumo eziphikisanayo. Waba yini umphumela walesi umsebenzi kwaba ikhodi Conciliar, ukukhansela, kuhlanganise, iminyaka isilungisiwe. Ngenxa eRussia kwakukhona serfdom. Ezikhathini zamuva nje, ngaphezu ukungakwazi ukubaleka umninindlu, abalimi wayengathengiswa impi, sathunyelwa eSiberia noma kanzima.

Russia akuyona isimo kuphela odabule ukugqilazwa. Cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu enezimiso efanayo ekhaya, nasemaceleni ke sahoxiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo (ezweni lethu - ngo-1861). ENtshonalanga Yurophu isidlulile ngale ndlela kancane ekuqaleni, Eastern - kancane kamuva. Futhi uMbuso Bhutan serfs yayikhona kuze 1956. Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando cabanga ukuhoxiswa passport abasebenzi amapulazi lilonke uhlobo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela ukugqilazwa.