Glomerulonephritis: ngezigaba. Ukuvuvukala nezinso. ukuhlinzwa sezinso

Ukuvuvukala izinso, esibonakala by ukulimala apharathasi zokuhlunga, kwezokwelapha ngokuthi "glomerulonephritis". zokugula ngezigaba kuncike imithombo lesi sifo, inkambo imininingwane. Ezimweni eziningi lokhu zezifo obonakele izinso glomeruli (glomerulus). Nokho, inqubo sokugembula kungafaka nezinye izinso izigaba: tubules izicubu intercellular. Ngokuvamile, isifo sitholakale izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Nokho, asikwazi ngakususi ingozi yesifo lapho usukhulile.

Izimpawu zesifo

Kuyini glomerulonephritis? Kuyinto eziningi izifo ezahlukene, okuyinto libhekene i ukuvuvukala isifo sezinso. Ngokuvamile basuke senziwa umthelela ongemuhle engena phakathi nomzimba we izifo kanye nomzimba.

Pathology wabonakaliswa ukunqotshwa glomeruli, tubules kwezinso, nezitsha. Ukwethula kabanzi, okuyinto yisifo kufanele uthinte anatomy. Glomeruli enze emzimbeni omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Basuke kuhlungwe kanye ubuthi, ngokweqile imikhiqizo ketshezi kwamazinyo kanye nezinye izinto ezingafuneki.

Glomeruli zitholakala emzimbeni izinso. Ziyakwazi yinhlanganisela capillary yohlobo iluphu. Encwadini umzimba ngokuvamile isebenze igazi eshayela phakathi kwezinye afferent arteriole. It ke engena glomerulus kwezinso. Lapha, kukhona filtration futhi kwakhiwa nomchamo. Zonke imfucuza, udoti kuyaqedwa ngo tubule mochesborny. Kulona bathola faka umgodi we izinso, bese - kuya kwesinye. Igazi, wahlanza kusuka ukungcola angafuneki efferent arteriole eshiya glomerule.

Isithombe kuyiwa siyenzeka lapho umuntu eba glomerulonephritis. Lokhu zokugula libhekene ukwanda kwezinso isihlungi patency. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi edingekayo Kwenziwa hhayi ngokugcwele. I umchamo kungenzeka ukungena izakhiwo ezinkulu: amaprotheni, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Futhi lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile emzimbeni. Ukuqhubeka kwesifo kuholela ukuwohloka sokuhlanzwa igazi. Okweqile izinto uketshezi eziyingozi kungukuthi excreted.

Ngokuvamile isifo kusekelwe ukusabela umzimba ezifweni noma komzimba ahlukahlukene. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Kulokhu, lesi sifo ikhulela izinso kulimaze amasosha omzimba ayo.

Izimbangela zesifo

Kungani kwenzeka glomerulonephritis? Ukwahlukanisa kuncike kancane kwi imbangela yalesi sifo.

Lezi zinto ezilandelayo imithombo eyinhloko glomerulonephritis:

1. ukutheleleka Streptococcal. Lokhu kulethe iyona isifo ezivamile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukulimala kwezinso cuphuluza impatho engafanele namathansela streptococcal. Ukwelapha lokhu zokugula, kubalulekile ukuba bacedzela ngalokucwebe tifundvo kwamaphilisi ebekwe udokotela. Kill streptococcus ezinye izindlela engenakwenzeka. Uma ukutheleleka is hhayi iqedwe ngokugcwele, khona-ke ngemva kwezinsuku 10-14, angagcina i-acute glomerulonephritis post-streptococcal. Nge umzimba zokugula enjalo uqobo iqala ukuhlasela izinso amaseli.
2. igciwane lohlobo. Iphinde kungacupha ukubuyela ngokuphelele ekubhemeni lesi sifo.
3. Umkhuhlane. Nokugula nzima izinso ukuvuvukala.
4. zokugula lefundo zezicubu zezinzwa. Ezicashile ukuthuthukiswa glomerulonephritis angase alale-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus letindzala, polyarteritis periarthritis, vasculitis.
5. izifo ezingelapheki webhaktheriya noma ezibangelwa amagciwane. Pathology iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ku isizinda viral isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B no-C, ugcunsula, endocarditis ezithathelwanayo, isifo sikamalaleveva.
6. izifo umzimba. Ngu glomerulonephritis kungaholela amyloidosis, ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela, nephropathy urate, sifo.
7. Izifo yegazi. yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo kungaba ukudlala lymphoma, myeloma amaningi, wegazi ezingelapheki.
8. izici Toxic. Iba inhlamvu sokuthuthukiswa glomerulonephritis kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, izidakamizwa notshwala; imiphumela emzimbeni mercury phambili, uketshezi, ubuthi ezithile (isb, ngengcina yezinyosi, inyoka). Ngesisekelo ukubukeka isifo amanga ukugula ngemisebe, lokugoma eqinile undercooling.

symptomatology lesi sifo

Ngezinye izikhathi zokugula kungaba asymptomatic. Odokotela bathi cishe isigamu ezigulini uxilongwe glomerulonephritis, isifo kutholwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ngihlolwa. Futhi iziguli ngokwabo ngisho nokuwabona ukuthuthukiswa emzimbeni yesifo ezinkulu ezithathelwanayo.

Uma glomerulonephritis kwenza ngokwayo wazizwa, izimpawu kuyoba kanje:

1. Puffiness. Kubonakala ebusweni, nezinkophe. Ukuvuvukala kungavuka emikhawulweni yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. ngezinye izikhathi abantu abaningi abadala okubangelwa izimpawu ezinjalo kwandisa izinsuku ezingu-7 e-25 kg.
2. Oliguria. A ukwehla noma ukungabi oluphelele umchamo lesiguli.
3. Ukuphelelwa ngumoya. izimpawu ezinjalo e ukugeleza ezinzima kungaholela edema yamaphaphu.
4. Hematuria. I umchamo uba ngokubomvu. Lokhu nje isuke ibangelwa khona igazi kulo.
5. Umfutho ophakeme wegazi. Sibekezele libuhlungu ukwanda ziphikelele ingcindezi.
6. Ukuba khona amaprotheni ku umchamo. It is senziwa anda-bandwidth glomeruli ngesikhathi igazi filtration.
7. Amazinga ephakeme.
8. Ubuhlungu esifundeni lumbar - lokuvunyelenwe ngato.
9. umuzwa njalo ukoma.
10. Ukuhlanza, khona isicanucanu. Ukungakuthandi ukudla.

Futhi manje awubheke ukuthi kukhona ezihlukahlukene okunjalo pathologies njengoba glomerulonephritis.

Ukwahlukaniswa izifo

Pathology lihlukaniswe ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Yingakho kukhona eziningana ngeengaba zayo.

Ngakho, khumbula izizathu kungani kukhona glomerulonephritis. Ukwahlukanisa isifo phezu ukubukeka imithombo kuyoba kanje:

1. glomerulonephritis Primary. Izinso iyathinteka ngenxa yezici pathogenic.
2. Secondary. Ukugula eba ngokumelene isizinda kwezinso ekhona emzimbeni.

Ngokusho percolation ubunjalo isifo kungaba:

• abukhali - muva sekuvele;
• subacute - zokugula ihlala kwamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa;
• ezingamahlalakhona - ukugula yadonsa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi eside.

Ngokusho kuze kube sezingeni ukukhululwa:

• inqubo ehlasela umzimba okuyinto ihlanganisa sonke isimiso isihlungi;
• isifo eqondile.

uhlobo lesi sifo

Sikhishwe ubunjalo izimpawu, odokotela ahlukanisa isifo ngendlela elandelayo:

1. ifomu esicashile. I zokugula kwenzeka ekusithekeni. Isiguli sinelungelo izimpawu of episodic lisuswe. Ngokuvamile, leli fomu kuyisici sobuntu subacute hlobo.
2. Cyclical. Libhekene i ukuvuvukala oyingozi. Isiguli sinelungelo izimpawu ezinamandla. Njengomthetho, kuza ukululama ngokushesha. Nokho, lolu hlobo kuphinde kubuye.

izinhlobo zokugula

Omunye izici eziyinhloko zesifo ubhekwa ifomu emtholampilo. Intuthuko sifo Kwenziwa ikhumbula symptomatology linqoba.

Ngesisekelo izici isici kukhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo glomerulonephritis:

1. Nephrotic. ukuvuvukala Kubonakala.
2. Hematuric. Ukuvuvukala is kuhlangene izinguquko lingaze umchamo. Proteinuria, hematuria ngokulinganisela.
3. Abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme. uhlobo oluvame. It libhekene ukukhuphuka ziphikelele ingcindezi. Can yakha yobunzima obabangelwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
4. Mixed. Kuleli fomu inhlanganisela nephrotic-abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme zezibonakaliso. Pathology kuyahluka impela Izibikezelo abampofu.

Kunenye ngezigaba - izimpawu morphological:

1. segmental Focal ukuvuvukala glomerular. Ukuze zokugula libhekene okusheshayo sclerosis capillary kwezinso.
2. nephritis Mesangioproliferative. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lesi sifo. I zokugula libhekene idiphozithi yanoma izakhiwo ziyawathinta Amagciwane ethize kwamasosha omzimba.
3. nephropathy Membranous. Uqweqwe glomerular capillary izindonga zimumethe zingcwecwe proteinaceous wazwakalisa.
4. glomerulonephritis Mesangiocapillary. Abasebenzi wadalula glomeruli izicubu sclerosis ehlasela umzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, aba indawo ngokuxhuma amaseli. Pathology ezahlukene simo esibi.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ezinye zezinto eziphilayo.

buka acute

Lokhu zokugula iqala ngokuzumayo futhi ngokuvamile lingaze. Acute glomerulonephritis ngokukhukhumala kwentamo libhekene imfiva, gipostenuriey, polturiiey futhi hematuria, khona ubuhlungu emuva. I zokugula kungaba igciwane, umthamo, mzimba noma ezibangelwa amagciwane.

ifomu subacute

Pathology has elinye igama - glomerulonephritis ebulalayo. It libhekene ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha. Isiguli sinelungelo izimpawu ezifanayo njengoba e uhlobo oyingozi.

Nokho, zonke izimpawu zesifo kukhona evelele:

• ukuvuvukala;
• kuncishiswe inani umchamo;
• ikhanda;
• pallor;
• iphika;
• ichaza ukushintsha kombala umchamo;
• ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• palpitations;
• ingcindezi.

Ukugula ngomshini ukuhlolwa igazi, umchamo.

glomerulopathy membranous

Ukuze leli fomu libhekene ukuqina ehlasela umzimba we glomerular capillary ulwelwesi. Ngokuvamile, zokugula ezihambisana ne ukutheleleka. Bethambekele ekubeni lokhu izinhlobo isifo babantu. Sinenkosi glomerulonephritis membranous elinesimo nesiqalo slow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo kuhambisana syndrome nephrotic futhi proteinuria.

I zokugula kungenzeka nzima nesifo esingamahlalakhona kwezinso, thrombosis emithambo yegazi, ngenxa okungabangela thromboembolism neuropathy.

ekwelapheni lesi sifo

Ukuze kuliwe nesifo kwenziwa yokwelapha esibanzi ehlanganisa:

• imithi;
• ukunamathela ukudla okuqinile (Ithebula № 7a);
• embhedeni ukuphumula (e ekubhemeni oyingozi noma ukugeleza).

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zindlela akuvumela ukuba ngokushesha abophe Yiqiniso acute lesi sifo. Ngemva kwalokho, isiguli kuyakhethwa yokwelapha ukunciphisa.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo libhekene ezinzima. Kulokhu, hemodialysis nesineke inikezwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela esigulini phakathi eziyingozi lesi sifo. kudivayisi okhethekileyo, obizwa ngokuthi "izinso yokufakelwa", wenza igazi zokuhlanzwa compounds ezinobuthi, uketshezi ngokweqile kanye electrolyte. Kunconywa yalezo ziguli banezizinda e izilonda zamazwe amabili athuthukile esingamahlalakhona kwezinso ngefomu ezingamahlalakhona.

ukuhlinzwa sezinso

glomerulonephritis Okungalapheki kungaholela nemiphumela kunalokho edabukisayo. Omunye wabo nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso. Futhi uma emabangeni kokuqala (e ezimbili ngendlela inqubo) kungasiza apharathasi "izinso yokufakelwa", bese inqubo egijima ngokushesha udaba ka Ukufakelwa liphuma khona. Ihlala e zitshala umzimba womuntu eyatholakala kusukela abanikelayo.

ukuhlinzwa sezinso wenziwa kuphela ngemva ahlolwe kahle emzimbeni wesiguli. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufakelwa has Izimo yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kuphakame izinkinga nge ukukhethwa izinso abanikelayo.