Station "Mirny" e-Antarctica: izixhumanisi, ikakhulukazi

Antarctica - ezwekazini eningizimu, futhi kubanda kakhulu, okuyinto ezithakazelisayo ezikhulayo ngenxa yezinguquko sezulu yamuva emhlabeni kanye nokuntuleka okwandisa nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. Leli zwekazi, okuyinto bayengelwa abahloli discoverers. Isiteshi sokuqala ngqa eSoviet "Ukuthula" kwasho ukuqala emikhulu ucwaningo e-Antarctica amaSoviet nasemakamu isayensi Russian. Futhi nakuba namuhla nezwekazi has iziteshi emihlanu ezifuywayo polar, owokuqala uyaqhubeka esebenza futhi ngikhonze njengomshumayeli wesikhathi base ukusekela wabahloli polar.

Destination - esiteshini "Ukuthula" (Antarctica)

Ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Antarctica emkhakheni Indian of Southern Ocean, ogwini Davis, ezinzima, lapho nyangazonke lokushisa akwenzeki plus-unyaka wonke, futhi izinsuku 204 ngonyaka umoya ohlabayo ngesivinini ezingaphezu kuka 15 m / umzuzwana., Kulapha lokhu esiteshini polar. Kusebenta "Ukuthula" esiteshini 66 ° 33'30 "latitude eningizimu 93 ° 00'02" longitude empumalanga. Isiteshi itholakala cishe e-Arctic Circle, kusukela 10 Disemba-10 Januwari, ilanga alishoni, ibizwa ngokuthi usuku polar. Futhi esikhundleni ebusuku polar, twilight polar lapha lonke ngonyaka.

esiteshini Polar "Ukuthula": umlando ekudalweni

Ngo-January 1956, diesel umkhumbi kagesi "OB" lawela ogwini Davis Sea. Ukwakhiwa kanye ucwaningo lwesayensi kwaholela Mikhail Somov - sesayensi oluvelele nomhloli wamazwe polar kanye neNhloko ebusika kuqala Russian e-Antarctica. Isiteshi lakhiwa phezu kwedwala outcrops ezine. Sasisebenza zonke zezisebenzi 86 amahora angu-12 ngosuku. Naphezu kwesimo sezulu waphenduka okubi ngo-February, umsebenzi akazange ayeke. Kakade 13 Februwari 1956 at the site isitshalo "Ukuthula" wakhuliswa isimo ifulege wase-USSR futhi agcinwe ukuvulwa walo omkhulu. Isiteshi lalinabashumayeli Radio Centre, Observatory, ucwaningo amahholo, ukuyothenga yokuhlala izakhiwo, isikhungo sezokwelapha futhi izindlu izinsizakalo. Ubude 21 isakhiwo Yakhiwa, iningi nabo zokufudumeza.

Observatory "Unokuthula"

Kuzo zonke ice kuleli zwekazi, lena endala. Itholakala endaweni engamamitha 35 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, entshonalanga esidayisa yeqhwa uHelen. Kusukela Februwari 1956 kuze kube namuhla ziqhutshwa sezulu solar kokuma ngemisebe, ukwethulwa njalo radiosondes. Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona, kuba base eyinhloko uhambo Russian Antarctic, okuyinto zenziwa amabalazwe sezulu, ukuzamazama komhlaba eqoshiwe futhi zigcinwe kokuma ionospheric. kusukela ngo-1971 kuphela, esiteshini "Ukuthula" ukuze uholwe "Youth" esiteshini ukuthi iguqulelwe ngaphansi Antarctic Meteorological Centre.

Aerodrome "Ukuthula" esiteshini

Ngo-1990, iqhwa airfield esiteshini isibe engasebenziseki ngenxa imifantu eminingi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, abangu ohlola ucinge indawo entsha. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari ngowe-2016 esiteshini esisha sezindiza wathola ibhodi lokuqala. US-ngesihlalo esinamasondo wayiswa ski ibhodi Basler Turbo wacosha kusuka esiteshini 61 Russian uhambo Antarctic, kusale 21 ebusika polar. Ukubaluleka kwalo mcimbi kwasekuqaleni ukuthi izixhumanisi emoyeni nge ezwekazini izinkulungwane eningizimu izikhathi ezishibhile kolwandle. A ukubuyiselwa airfield esiteshini "Ukuthula" sithuthukisa abacwaningi.

Modern ucwaningo esiteshini e-Antarctica, "Ukuthula"

Namuhla, esiteshini uyisiyingi 15-20 njengengxenye yeqembu sezulu anokulandisa okufanayo ibuye Meteorological okuqoqiwe ukulungiswa amabalazwe zezulu. Kodwa hhayi kuphela nabasebenzi bocwaningo sezulu oqashwe esiteshini. Kukhona ukuqapha inani lezinhlanzi emanzini Southern Ocean, ethungatha uzungeza satellites, kukhona izifundo geodetic futhi Geophysical ka Magnetosphere woMhlaba. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ukuqapha izimo ice kanye ukutholwa kokunyakaza amakhono izitsha ucwaningo endaweni.

Ukubaluleka komlando

Isiteshi baba esangweni for Ukuhlolwa Antarctica phezu ingxenye yase-USSR. Esikhathini esifanayo 1956 unqamule sledge-isibungu kusukela "Ukuthula" isifike Ningizimu Geomagnetic Pole, lapho namuhla esiteshini Russian "Vostok". Station "Ukuthula" namuhla - esogwini nge yabo izinkantolo nesigaba isisekelo ucwaningo eqinile. Okuphuma wase-USSR kulelivekati eseningizimu phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, Okwasimangaza kuye kwaholela esiphethweni ngo-1959, eWashington, DC sivumelwano kuze kube nini nanini ku-Antarctica. Inkontileka ibeke nenkululeko ucwaningo kanye nokuvimbela i-militarization kuleli zwekazi, ukuntuleka ubukhosi phezu kwezwe kusuka kunoma yiliphi izwe futhi kuvinjelwe ukuhlolelwa kwezikhali. Ngakho esiteshini "Ukuthula" ngempela usungumbuso wokuthula we nezwekazi eliseningizimu.

amaqiniso ezihlekisayo

• Futhi namhlanje, ukuzivikela engcono ngokumelene 80-degree abandayo - amabhuzu. Polar iziteshi ubusika Antarctica, okuyiqiniso kuqinisekiswa izithombe eziningi.
• wabahloli Polar neze walawula penguins. Ngokumangalisayo, naphezu kokuba yokusondelana, lezi zinyoni kungukuthi walawula, nakuba asesabi abantu. It is wafakazela ukuthi bathanda umculo we-classic - lisondela ukumuzwa. Kodwa ungathandi idwala.
• izinkampani ukuvakasha emhlabeni ukunikela izinkambo iziteshi Antarctic. Namuhla, eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe ukuvakashelwa ukuze ukuhamba phakathi 200 futhi 1,000 namadoda abanesibindi ngonyaka.
• izakhamuzi Russian bengathola yisakhamuzi ne-Antarctic. Big amazwe ayisishiyagalombili (Russia, e-USA, Canada, Japan, UK, eJalimane, e-Italy ne-France) baye yasayina isivumelwano nezwekazi eliseningizimu ye uhlelo zokuhlala uzoqala ngo-2020 ngaphansi kwazo. Ukukhethwa kanzima futhi othize, kodwa ithuba yisizalwane Antarctica babe naleso sakhamuzi kule planethi yethu.
• Nakuba phezu eningizimu izakhamizi ezwekazini cha. Ehlobo lika iziteshi 40 ucwaningo e-Antarctica iyizwekazi elikhiqiza abasebenzi acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, futhi cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ebusika.

Igama esiteshini "Ukuthula" kwaba behlonipha omunye sloops ezimbili, okuyinto ngoJanuwari 1820 ngaphansi kobuholi Thaddeus Bellingshausen futhi Mikhail Lazarev wathola nezwekazi eliseningizimu, futhi owokuqala ukufinyelela ogwini lwayo. Ebonisa ngokuqhubeka e ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu ezwekazini esiteshini nanamuhla elisaqhubeka ukuze sonke sifeze indima yayo njengendlela reference iphuzu futhi ibhuloho nokwatholakala besikhathi sethu esidlule futhi ongumphathi weMiqulu zasolwandle nezwe ukunyakaza.