Foreign futhi yasekhaya Politika Ryurika. Umsuka Kievan Rus.

Riurik (wabusa 862-879) - zihlukaniswa Slavic Prince kokuba Norman izimpande. Umsunguli we-Rurik lwamakhosi, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningi abusa Rus. Omunye ezithakazelisa kunazo emlandweni: eziningi amaqiniso yomlando wakhe namanje imfihlakalo.

Esakhula

I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kuyinto isikhulu engaziwa. Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka phakathi neminyaka engu-806 futhi 808 edolobheni Baltic Rarog. Inkosi Danish Gottfried, ohlaselwayo phansi, uyise hung Rurik - Prince Godolyuba. Unina Umila, indodakazi Gostomysl, kanye nezingane ezincane wahamba ekhaya futhi wabalekela ekudingisweni. Lapho isikhulu esizayo esekhulile, yena nomfowabo wabhapathizwa emhlanganweni egcekeni lenkosi Frankish etholakele isicoco sakhe futhi izwe umklomelo. Empeleni, waba umbusi ngensimu kanye Elbe, okuqondene ngaphezulu kuyise, kodwa kube amalungelo ngaphansi kwesizwe.

Frankish Empire ngalesi sikhathi ihlushwe ukuxabana. Ngenxa yalokho, olandelayo empini Rurik balahlekelwa indawo yabo. Ukuziphindiselela kwenkosi, wangena Varangian onogada. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wazonda konke kwakuhlangene nohlobo lomuntu futhi isimo, okuyinto wakwazi. Nasemseni isikhulu kwaba ngisho inkolo ababethi yi Franks. Ukubhabhadiswa, Rurik wanyathelwa izinto ezingcwele zabantwana ukholo kakhulu, ngakho-ke abantu bambiza ngokuthi "isifo ekusakazeni ubuKristu."

umsuka

Rurik (wabusa 862-879) zashiya izibazi emlandweni. Kodwa ngisho nalabo bakubheka njengodumo noma ungumuntu ongokoqobo, hhayi ngempela uyazi umsuka indoda. Izazi-mlando asekelayo Norman ithiyori, anothi, Rurik nomkakhe - amaViking purebred babevela eScandinavia. Njengoba ubufakazi akanacala, bona banake etymology kwegama isikhulu, elihlanganisa i-Latin "rex" - inkosi, umbusi. Futhi mhlawumbe lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngoba kulezi zinsuku igama Rurik isakazeke emazweni Nordic: Sweden kanye Finland.

West Slavic abanamathela kuyinkolelo-mbono bakholelwa ukuthi izimpande Rurik sika zivela kusukela Obodrits isizwe ababezibiza ngokuthi reregami - Falcons. Futhi libhekisela "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", okulotshiwe: e 862 krivichi futhi Ilmen lwamaSlav asikwazanga aphikisana wodwa futhi ukukhetha umbusi olulodwa. Ukuze ugweme ukuchitheka kwegazi okungadingekile, aphendukela Slavic abafowabo Rurik. Yena nabafowabo bafika Novgorod wafika esihlalweni sobukhosi lithi: the bangaphandle zangaphakathi Politika Ryurika ngesikhathi esifanayo waba umlingisi lempi. Ezinye izazi-mlando baye bame kwelokuthi isikhulu kwesokudla waqala Staraya Ladoga futhi Novgorod lakhiwa-ke eminyakeni embalwa nje. Lo mbono usekelwa kuvubukulwa "Rurik isiphetho."

Domestic Rjurika (dlala)

Ku-ndaba ebucayi kangaka, njengoba ukuphathwa namandla amakhulu, ukugcizelela eqinisa isikhulu alenza izwe lakhe laba, ukunqoba igunya kanye nenhlonipho. Its wayemesaba ngempela futhi ohlonishwayo, njengoba ukumelwa kwabantu abavamile, wayengumuntu isikhulu asabekayo olukhuni, lokhu kwaba yangaphakathi Politika Ryurika. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa iziqondiso main kahle kwemandla embuso Rurik.

Kuvele isivakashi bengamenyiwe kumuntu Rurik okubangelwa Ukunganeliseki ka boyars wendawo nabakhulu, nabo ngokwabo wayefuna ukuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngakho lapho kuba nokuvukela flash manje bese esaphakama ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ubukhulu, kodwa lo mbusi ngokushesha esandleni sakhe esinamandla ukuyiveza wavukela uthukuthele. Waqhubeka wathumba imizi Russian entsha futhi izizwe ezingomakhelwane: Rurik ithole kangaka Kiev, lapho wabusa Askold futhi Dir.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

Kwake kwathi ngo-inhloko-dolobha Kiev, isikhulu umxhwele ubuhle alula nangomfutho. Wayefanele iso lakhe inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, ngakho ukuze uthwebule lokhu okuphiqikayo ngokukhamba kwesikhathi iqondiswe wonke angaphandle Politika Ryurika. Ithebula sisibonisa indlela esingaphila ngayo kukhona okuthiwa nobuhlobo bomuntu siqu phakathi prince Kiev.

Foreign futhi yasekhaya Politika Ryurika sasifanele. Wayengomunye ngowokuqala owathi Russia enkundleni yomhlaba.

Ngeshwa, indaba iphula Rurik e 879. baton Landelayo esethatha Prince Oleg, abantu Lesiprofetho ngelika ababehlanganyela ngenkuthalo ifa Rurik ebhodi kanye kuletha ekuphileni zonke izinhlelo kwakwakhiwa somanduleli wakhe.

abalandeli

Foreign futhi yasekhaya Politika Ryurika ukuthi kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa amandla yamazwe Russian okuqondene ubukhulu. Ngonyaka ka-870 ezimbili Izinyunyana zadalwa South - amabombo Kiev, kanye North - maphakathi Novgorod. Emzini wokuqala wabusa Askold futhi Dir, okwesibili - Rurik. Dying, wabapha izinso kwamandla ezandleni sabo esikude, u-Oleg. Wabuye wamphathisa ukunakekelwa bendodana yakhe encane Igor, kamuva owaba Grand Duke.

Oleg wakwazi ukunqoba izizwe Ulichi futhi Drevlyane. Wazihlanganisa Kiev eRussia, ehlezi khona lapho lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa yobuqaba. Ngakho-ke ngaya eByzantium futhi usayine inkontileka imali eningi, okuyinto enwetshiwe ngokuya ihogela ithonya kanye kuye kwavula amathuba amasha abathengisi Russian. IRussia nguzakwethu egcwele umbuso. Ngemva Oleg ethathe ubukhosi indodana Rurik - Igor. Lesi sikhathi sasimanzonzo: kwakukhona nezibhelu nokuvukela. Kodwa isikhulu isinyathelo obuqinile kakhulu kuneyokuqala zakhe; yena njalo sicindezelwe Folk lokwentiwako, ngaleyo ndlela beqinisa amandla eyodwa.

Rurik: indima emlandweni

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe emazweni Russian ikhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa Finnish ezindaweni yanqotshwa. Isakhiwo Russia kwakuhlanganisa zakwa-Eastern lwamaSlav. Manje zonke lezi zizwe waba ezivamile inkolo, kolimi namasiko, amasiko. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-umfutho kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le miphakathi hlanganani kwisimo esisodwa nombusi yedwa yokwehlayo ecacile. Rurik lo mbusi ayizange. Kodwa uye wadala zonke izimo ngoba ukugcwaliseka leliphupho ngokoqobo. Kwaba naye waqala ngaphakathi dalo of Kievan Rus, ukwakhiwa lisuke emadolobheni amakhulu, nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu abavamile. Foreign futhi yasekhaya Politika Ryurika yanda. Kusukela kwaqala umlando ekhazimulayo uhlobo Rurik - ngowokuqala emlandweni Russian autocrats lwamakhosi.

Life Rurik - indaba indoda elula okuphumelela engingamazi engesiyo kuphela ashaqe amandla, kodwa wakwazi uyibambe ezandleni zakho, ukuze uqinise ithonya isimo kumephu sezwe sezombangazwe. Kuyinto le nkosana wabeka isisekelo amandla anamandla, okuyinto kuze kube namuhla, Russian.