Cathedral of St Stanislaus noSt Vladislav, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cathedral of St Stanislaus noSt Vladislav (Vilnius, Lithuania) - akuyona nje ezinkulu izivakashi yedolobha, kodwa futhi isihloko esikhulu eSontweni LamaRoma Katolika emazweni lizwe. Itholakala esinqeni Castle Hill, phezu okuyinto kumi Tower of Gediminas. Vakashela eyayiyinhloko-dolobha yaseLithuania, futhi ungaboni Cathedral akunakwenzeka, ngisho noma akufakwanga izinhlelo zakho. Ngu isikwele lombhishobhi konke emigwaqweni ingxenye endala yedolobha. Kuyini lombhishobhi edumile kunjalo, ubani-ke lunikezelwe? Yini okufanele Ngokuqinisekile ngibona ngokungena ngaphansi nemengamo omkhulu ngokubabazekayo? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

isimo Basilica: kusho ukuthini?

Okokuqala acacise umbuzo wokuthi kungani Cathedral of St Stanislaus noSt Vladislav ubaluleke lonke Vilnius naseLithuania sika amakholwa. Kusukela ngo-1922, ithempeli yanikezwa i-status sokukhulekela. I gama lisuselwa esiGrekini "basileus" -imperator yinkosi. Isihloko sokukhulekela amathempeli imiklomelo uPapa ukugcizelela isici yesonto. Futhi igama elithi "isonto lombhishobhi" kusho ukuthi isonto - umuzi omkhulu.

Kuyini ekhetheke kangaka e Cathedral of St Stanislav futhi Vladislav ukuthi wabelwa esicongweni aphakeme ngaleyo ndlela? Okokuqala, iyona endala kunawo lizwe. Okwesibili, kwakukhona wokugcotshwa ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha Ezinkulu Lithuania. Okwesithathu, in the Crypt yesonto bangcwatshwe abavelele izikhulu, ababhishobhi abakhulu. Futhi Okwesine, lapho namanje ayiphathise konke zesonto ezibaluleke kakhulu, nokugujwa yomphakathi. Ngakho ungahambi Cathedral of Vilnius kungaba okungalungile kuye.

History of the isakhiwo

Kwasukasukela le ndawo etholakala a ithempeli lamaqaba. Ngo ahloniphe unkulunkulu Okuduma Lightning imini nobusuku kwaba umlilo e-altare. Leli tshe eziye zatholwa abavubukuli esanda kutholakala ku emigodini sethempeli, ngalesi sikhathi-ke edalulwa. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nantathu, Lithuanian King Mindaugas (kwabusa kusukela 1223) wafuna zicela lempi ukwesekwa Livonians enamandla kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi e-Europe Knights, ngakho waba umKristu. Ngesikhathi siza sethempeli lamaqaba lika-Perun wakha ibandla (mhlawumbe in the 50s kwekhulu le-13). Kodwa kamuva isikhulu wabuyela inkolo yakhe yangaphambili. Ibandla wabhujiswa, endaweni yalo wamisa ethempelini Perkunas le Thunderer.

Ekugcineni, ngo-1387 kwathiwa ekugcineni ezifakelwa ubuKristu kuleli zwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi inhlokodolobha Poland e Krakow wafika Vilnius Korol Yagaylo, owayeneminyaka ngaleso sikhathi, futhi Omkhulu UMbusi Lithuania, yena ngokwakhe esaphila, lapho kubhujiswa ithempeli lamaqaba. Esikhundleni salo beNkosi ngokwayo wabeka itshe kuqala of the Catholic Church. Ngakho Cathedral of St Stanislaus lakhiwa. It kwakhiwa isitayela Gothic nge izindonga uqweqwe buttresses. Lokhu lombhishobhi wema kuze 1419.

ethempelini yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo

Kusukela Gothic ethempelini yesimanje wahlala izingcezwana wedwa kuphela. Cathedral ashisiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe (e 1399 kanye 1419 ngokulandelana, kanye izikhathi eziningana phakathi kwekhulu leshumi nesithupha). Kusukela leli thempeli itholakala enhlonhlweni silibangise enkangala zingene emfuleni Neris (Vilija igama lesibili), wayevame isisulu izikhukhula. Kodwa Cathedral of St Stanislaus njalo kabusha futhi izakhamuzi babe ngaphezulu futhi sihle. Ikakhulukazi okuningi kwezimali Izindawo yesonto ezinikelwe Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas nomkakhe Anna Svyatoslavovna.

Leli thempeli lakhiwa kabutjha isitayela Renaissance. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wase-Italy Korol Sigizmund Awugustu wabhala okuyinhloko abaklami - Bernardo Zanobbi yebo Gianotti, futhi kamuva Dzhovanni Chini of Siena. Kodwa impumelelo yabo enkulu e itshe azifinyelelanga esikhathini sethu. Umlilo e 1610 wabhubhisa ukudalwa amakhosi Renaissance. Ukubuyiselwa lombhishobhi kwaba wezakhiwo uzihlanganisa Vilgelm Pol. Indlela aphumelela ngayo ubhubhisé ibutho Russian, okuyinto 1655 wanqoba idolobha futhi kumila ethempelini baraque baphanga. Waqeda ukubhujiswa ibutho isiSwidi.

Njengoba isakhiwo usezuze a look zanamuhla

Ngo-1769, e-Vilnius adlula phezu i isiphepho engakaze ibonwe. Ngu imimoya ezinkulukazi kuwa isakhiwo esiseningizimu sethempeli, wangcwatshwa ngaphansi kwale moto abefundisi eziyisithupha. Lokhu inhlekelele kwenza izakhamuzi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi isidingo kakhulu kabusha Cathedral of St Stanislaus.

Ukwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha ku amanxiwa ubudala kuqondiswe yi wezakhiwo odumile Lithuanian Lourinas Gucevičius. Wazala iphrojekthi wokuvelela - ukuhlanganisa ibe Ensemble olulodwa ezakhiwo ezahlukene isitayela izakhiwo: kwethempeli main (Gothic), yesonto St Casimir (baraque), nezinye Izindlwana (Renaissance). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umakhi wafuna ethempelini ukuhlangabezana umoya nkathi wesimanje. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi yayibuswa classicism. Njengoba isisu umakhi, lombhishobhi obekumele wafana ethempelini yamaGreki asendulo. Bona nenzalo yabo Gucevičius akudingekile. Kodwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umsebenzi waqhubeka nezinye abaklami ngokohlelo lwakhe.

nenkathi yamaSoviet

Ngo-1922, uPapa Benedict elaliwubonisiwe Okwesibili isimo Vilnius Cathedral Basilica. Ngisho ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yayiqhutshelwa ekukhulekeleni ethempelini. Kodwa iziphathimandla zaseSoviet emva nokudliwa Lithuania kubhekwe Cathedral of St Stanislaus emelene ngempela namaSoviet. Ibandla savalwa ziphenduka ishede. Ngo-1950, it isuswe ophahleni lombhishobhi futhi wabhubhisa eziqoshiwe yabangcwele. Umzimba weza esidabukisayo. Izicelo izakhamuzi ngo-1956, e-Vilnius Isithombe Igalari lamiswa ngo thempeli wangaphambili. Isitho wabuyiselwa futhi kusukela ngo-1963 ngeSonto ethempelini waqala ukusingatha amakhonsathi.

Kusukela ngo-1980, saqala ukusebenza emikhulu yokutakula eqoshiwe esiyingqayizivele. They lasted iminyaka eyishumi. Ngo-1989 isonto yanikwa le LamaRoma Katolika. Lapho esezinzile nezindaba impahla nalo. Ngakho Museum ngaphakathi kwezindonga zethempeli waqhubeka. Manje itholakala Crypt (engaphansi) lombhishobhi.

Yangaphandle futhi ingaphakathi

Olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo iyisibonelo esivelele we isitayela classic. It lihlotshiswe amakholomu kanye eziqoshiwe esophahleni lwendlu recreated kusuka izithombe St Stanislaus, Kazimir no-Elena. Esikhathini niches ungabona izithombe ze abavangeli ezine.

Cathedral of St Stanislaus (Vilnius) njengoba enhle ngaphakathi njengoba ngaphandle. frescos Ezinye ngamashumi amahlanu imidwebo 16-19 eminyaka kuhlobisa izindonga. Yini okufanele unake okukhethekile, ngoba esontweni St Casimir. Yakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesikhombisa ngomyalo weNkosi Sigismund III Vasa.

Ukwakhiwa walethwa wezakhiwo Italian K. Tensallo kanye zokwakha esetshenziswa sandstone isiSwidi ngemabula emibalabala kusukela Apennines kanye Carpathians. Esikhathini Crypt lombhishobhi itholakala ethuneni lapho amanga mithi eziningi, kuhlanganise queens ezimbili, nowayengunkosikazi Sigismund Awugustu. Lokhu Elizabeth Habsburg nabesifazane amahle isikhathi sakhe Barbora Radziwill. Futhi ezindongeni zethempeli amanga inhliziyo King Vasa.

Cathedral of St Stanislaus (Vilnius) ikheli kanye neminye imininingwane ewusizo

Thola leli thempeli ilula. Itholakala inhliziyo edolobheni, Cathedral Square, 1. Funda kalula nge ekuphumeni eduze isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ubudala. Ibandla ivuliwe nsuku zonke, kusukela eziyisikhombisa ekuseni kuze amahora 19. Buka Interiors yayo kungaba esikhathini esifanayo, uma kungekhona eyenziwa mass. Amahora yokukhulekela zincike izinsuku ngesonto kanye namaholide enkolo.

Cathedral of St Stanislaus (Lithuania) ekhethekile udumo nabasePoland abeza lapha ukukhuleka umlotha amakhosi amakhulu. Imali Crypt emnyango (mayelana 4 euro). Ngaphezu ethuneni ethempelini emhumeni kuyinto Museum yomlando. Lapho ungabona i-izinsalela ekuxhakathisweni ababhishobhi ekuseni nama-altare lamaqaba.