Yini kuba inkulumo yethu? Amagama, amabinzana, imisho, nezitayela yokukhuluma

abantu lwasekuqaleni kwadingeka ukuba beveza kakhulu amagama selisho lokhu noma lokhuya ndaba. Ngakho kubonakala sengathi wavumela indoda ukubaleka emhlabeni yesizungu nokungazi. Kamuva lo mbhalo yadalwa, futhi isintu siye sazama ukua adlulise ukwaziswa yabo. Kusukela kwamiswa izwi lokuqala kwaba yisikhathi eside. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo ngokuthi yini ngolimi lwethu, kubalulekile ukuze uthumele sebuningini izingxenye.

isingeniso

Isakhi esiyinhloko ulimi iyizwi. Kusukela amazwi ukwakha imisho, lapho ufuna ukuqhuba ingxoxo, bhala Tindzaba. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo inkulumo - lolukhulunywako kanye nelulwimi lolubhalwako. Ngamunye wabo onezinto ayo yokukhuluma. Njengoba le ndoda endala "ikhula" inkulumo yakhe, ukuthi kuyinqubo ukuqeqeshwa efunda okwengeziwe amagama amasha, okuvumela ukuba enze inkulumo yakhe ngokucace nakakhulu igcwaliswe.

Ngesikhathi lapho akuzange kusungulwe khona lokubhala, abantu ukuthi waqamba enhle zinganekwane, izindaba, izindaba, amaculo kanye Ixoxwa ukuba nomunye. Ngakho, ngisho namuhla, ukuze ivikele amagugu endabuko, othiwa temlomo Folk art. Khona-ke esikoleni izingane babefundiswa ukubhala kuphela lokho kubalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Mabanikele soloko sekudlule isikhathi esiningi futhi kunzima ukuchaza kafushane ukuthi yini enkulumweni yethu, kodwa izimiso zalo eziyisisekelo futhi izingxenye azishintshile.

izwi

Kwenye yezingxenye yokukhuluma iyizwi. Lokhu luncane iyunithi lucebe, zimise into ethile noma isenzo. Amagama angasetshenziswa kuphela noma ngokuhlanganyela ulimi lucebe. Uma sikubeka kalula, amazwi akha imisho. Lona omunye izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu yokukhuluma, enezinto eziningi izakhiwo:

• Igama has ukucindezeleka main.
• Athwala inani elithile.
• Ngesimo incazelo lucebe eveza ngokoqobo.
• Kuyinto iyunithi ezimele, okuyinto umuntu udlala, kunokuba ukuziqambela bebodwa.
• Ngokukhululekile elise umutjho bese ingasetshenziswa njengendlela isitatimende esihlukile.
• Siqukethe morpheme (amayunithi kulencane kolimi, ezingalotshwanga ngobugebengu iyiphi izakhi).
• Have engeke separability isakhiwo.
• Kuhlanganiswe nomunye iqoqo imithetho nokusetshenziswa kolimi.
• Dlulisa lwati ngco khona ifomu impahla.

sipho

Umuntu ungasebenza lombhalo okhulunyiwe ngamagama ehlukene, kodwa uma uwasebenzise eceleni, ngaphandle izinyanda thematic ke akekho uzokwazi udlulisele ulwazi olufunayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungase uthi: "Imvelo, kolwandle, isitimela, umndeni." Kuzoba nje iqoqo lamagama amelela izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komuntu. Kodwa uma nilibopha, wengeza bondzaweni ezimbalwa futhi isenzo ke sithola: "NgoLwesithathu, umkhaya waya olwandle ngesitimela." Okungukuthi, uthole ulwazi umyalezo efanele. Lezi zigijimi ngokuthi iziphakamiso, amayunithi ngokolimi ukuthi ineluhlelo ihlelwe amagama ayingxube.

Umusho futhi imisho lelula

Iziphakamiso kungaba lelula nobe lelukhuni. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka izici zabo, kubalulekile ukuba banake nomqondo onjalo, njengoba umusho. Le ngxube is amagama izingxenye isiphakamiso ngaphezulu ineluhlelo ezihlobene.

Kodwa imishwana akuzona:

• Isihloko nesilandiso.
• izingxenye eyohlobo kwemusho.
• Isisho.

ibinzana ngokuvamile kudidaniswe imisho elula. imisho lecondzile zihlukile kusukela eziyinkimbinkimbi khona nohlaka lwetakhi telulwimi eyodwa kuphela (kuncike nesilandiso). imisho lemagalagala ube nezisekelo eziningana nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Uma sikubeka kalula, izipesheli eziyinkimbinkimbi kuqukathe ezilula ezimbalwa. Empeleni, konke lokhu yini enkulumweni yethu, mayelana netakhiwo.

isitayela

It siqukethe le iziphakamiso. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Kuye ngomongo, iziphakamiso ukushintsha umsindo wabo nendlela yokudlulisa ulwazi. Ngakho, ngokwencazelo yaleli isiphakamiso efanayo ingadlalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. izindlela zokuphumula ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi izitayela yokukhuluma. Ngamafuphi nje, lo inkulumo lisho, vozniknuvshey enqubeni ukuthuthukiswa. Zisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene zokuxhumana. Izitayela main yokukhuluma - kuyinto:

• isitayela Scientific - isetshenziswa ukuthumela imiyalezo okuqukethwe kwesayensi. Abalobi lokhu stilya- ososayensi noma ochwepheshe emkhakheni othize.
• Ngokusemthethweni - ibhizinisi Thiel - esisetshenziswe ekuxhumaneni ibhizinisi, esimweni esisemthethweni. Ngalesi isitayela zivunyelwe amaphepha. Futhi ngenxa isitayela libhekene clichés ngamazwi.
• isitayela lesibonwa - itholakala abezindaba (izihloko, imibiko, ema-eseyi, izingxoxo, njll ...). Ukuze isitayela libhekene khona silulumagama kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, play ngokomzwelo.
• isitayela Yokukhuluma Esangxoxo - esetshenziswa ukuthi abelane ngolwazi ngaphansi kwesimo ngokwethukela. Kuyinto uyaphila futhi ekhululekile.
• isitayela yobuciko - itholakala izincwadi. Sici Its main - ukuveza izinto ezilula ngokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinsiza zolimi.

Singasho ukuthi lamagama inkulumo izitayela ezakha lisisakhiwo zokuxhumana. Kodwa ukuze uthole ulwazi imiyalezo umnyuziki odinga ukukwazi mayelana nemithetho kanye namasiko yokukhuluma. Futhi kuyoba mnandi ukubalula izindlela yokukhuluma njengoba liyisici esiyisisekelo, onikeza zokuxhumana ukukhanya.

ulimi imiva

Esebenzisa inkulumo yolimi lokuqala esho ukuthini labo amathuluzi ukukwenza, ngabe kungcono ingxoxo noma ngemsebenti lobhalwako kuphela, elikhanyayo, ezimibalabala, lucebe futhi ekhululekile ngokomzwelo. Amathuluzi anjalo izibalo sitayela emizileni.

Izindlela abizwa ngokuthi indlela yakhe yokukhuluma ukuthi bayakuvumela ukuba usebenzise amagama nemisho ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Basuke kwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa imicimbi emibili noma eminingi, okuyinto, nakuba kwezinye abasondelene, futhi uphawu lomkhuba efanayo lingachazwa kwenye, ukudala ngaye isithombe ngokucace nakakhulu. Ngakho, inkulumo kukhona inhlanganisela ezintsha namanye amagugu. Ngokwesibonelo, imbongi wathi, "eside futhi emazombezombe komgwaqo" esikhundleni "umkhumbi".

Emizileni kungaba lelula nobe lelukhuni. Ngu nje zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqhathanisa - ukuqhathanisa izinto noma izenzakalo uwukubonakaliswa ukusetshenziswa "njengoba injalo" inyunyana "like", nokunye ..
• Epithet - ukuzimisela ukuthi inamathela asinazo izithombe ezinkulu kanye nemizwelo.

emizileni Eliyinselele kukhona okuningi:

• Isingathekiso - esikhundleni izwi elilodwa nomunye, ezifanayo izakhiwo ( "ukuthula").
• Tiga tenkhulumo - igama shintsho contiguity.
• Synecdoche - zisebenzisa ingxenye ezifana nokuthatha isifundo njengamaphuzu igama, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
• Allegory - kuyindlela yokubonisa abanye imiqondo izithombe kwezobuciko, ezifana izikali amelela ubulungiswa.
• Indida - wokuhlekwa usulu. Igama isetshenziswa ngendlela okuhlukeneko incazelo okuphambene.
• Ihaba - ihaba senkondlo.
• Litotes - a kweswela eqinile.
• Phindza uhlele kabusha - esikhundleni amagama noma izisho ukuze ugweme ezinikezwa.

Ngokuqondene izibalo yesitayela ke kulotshwe slovooboroty isitayela.

Isiko yokukhuluma

Nokho lombhalo okhulunyiwe akuyona owaziwa ngalo izindlela yokukhuluma ezilimini, futhi akuyona into imithetho. Kusukela indlela abantu abaxhumana, ungakwazi ukunquma isimo sawo. It uyakwazi push interlocutor noma ukuheha uzwela kwakhe. Ngaphezu isitayela enhle, umuntu kumele akwazi ukulalela hhayi ukuphazamisa interlocutor.

Ukuziphatha elihlobene ne inkulumo, luyindida kakhulu kunalokho ongase ukucabange. The main imithetho inkulumo zimi kanje:

• Ngobufushane - akukuhle ukudida interlocutor okweqa amagama ningathwali imininingwane ewusizo.
• Umgomo - ngaphambi kokuqala ingxoxo, udinga ukucacisa inhloso ngawo kwenziwa.
• Okunhlobonhlobo - indzaba lefanako tingacocwa kubantu abahlukene, kodwa kumele kubhekwe ngamunye.
• Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuphendula luhlaza ukuze luhlaza.
• Kungcono ukugcina yakho imikhuba yethu yokukhuluma, umuntu okhetha isitayela ingxoxo, ulahlekelwa "Mina" yakhe.

isiphetho

Isihloko linikeza impendulo yombuzo othi: "Kuyini lapho sikhuluma?" Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana - emagama kanye nemisho ngawo abantu ukushintshashintsha imiyalezo ulwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thina, KUNGABA EZIBHALIWE NOMA ZOMLOMO, kufanele kube ocebile 'iyezwakala. Ngoba inkulumo futhi izindlela ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa, enikeza okuqukethwe sendlalelolwati ezomile ngokomzwelo. Uphiko wesithathu kwenkulumo - isiko laso. Nokho, lokhu kuyinto isici luyingxenye subjective, okuyinto ukubonakaliswa umuntu.