Yeka ukuthi i-cruiser Murmansk yahlala kanjani futhi yafa

Ngomuso kaKhisimusi ka-1994, ngaphambi kokuba amehlo abadobi baseNorway abamangaza, kwavela inqwaba yemikhumbi yempi eyayisemhlabathini eduze kwasegwini. Ngokushesha kwavela ukuthi lokhu kwakuyiSoviet, futhi manje iRussia cruiser "i-Murmansk", kakade, yenzeke, ithengiswe kumaNdiya njengensimbi yensimbi. Umakhelwane nalesi sipho seMpi Yomshoshaphansi wabiza iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa umkhumbi walokhu unomlando wayo. Iningi lalo cala elibi lingasitshela, uma ngikwazi ukukhuluma. Mayelana nokuhamba okude, iziphepho kanye nama-alamu ...

I-"Murmansk" yokuqala

Yebo, kwakukhona omunye umkhumbi ophethe leli gama. Ngenkomfa yeTehran, uStalin wathinta izinhloko zamandla ahlangene angazange akhohlwe mayelana nesabelo se-USSR ekuhlukaneni kwemikhumbi ye-Italy esele ikhona. Yayinezinhlanzi ezine, ababhubhisi abayisishiyagalolunye, i-warfare kanye ne-cruiser, wonke ukwakhiwa kwakamuva. Ngaphansi kokucabangela kokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezidingo, abaseMelika nabaseBrithani banikeza amaqembu abo okulwa, asebekhulile, kodwa ngemva kokuba impi ithembise ukuthi izothatha indawo yawo nabase-Italy. Ekugcineni, emikhumbi ye-1944, kuhlanganise neMilwaukee, yaqamba kabusha i-Cruiser Murmansk, yafika eNyakatho Fleet yokubuyisela iNorthern Fleet . Umkhumbi awuzange ushiye ulwandle nhlobo, izikhali zakhe ezinamandla zokulwa nezindiza zazisetshenziselwa ukuvikela isibhakabhaka phezu kweBramansk, i-Polar neVaengi, kepha kulo msebenzi waphumelela. Ngemuva kuka-1945, "i-Murmansk" - "iMilwaukee" yabuyela e-United States, futhi kamuva igama elidumile lathola ukuzalwa okusha.

I-"Murmansk" entsha

Ngemuva kokunqoba e-USSR uhlelo lokuvuselela uNavy lwasuswa. Esikhathini sawo, ukwakhiwa kwabahamba phambili abahamba phambili ngesivinini esiphansi kwephrojekthi 68-bis kwaqala. Emikhumbi yemikhumbi yaseMlotovsk, e-Nikolaev naseLeningrad, kwafakwa iziboshwa zemikhumbi emisha, owokuqala owawuyiSverdlov, kanti owokugcina, weshumi nane, kwakuyi-Cruiser Murmansk. Lezi zinyunithi zazifanele ziqiniseke ukuthi ubukhona obuqinile bebutho lamaSoviet emanzini onke olwandle. Izidingo zabakhiqizi bemikhumbi zazichazwa yizidingo ezinzima nokuqina. Ngokuzimela okuqhubekayo, kwakudingeka ukuqinisekisa izici ezihle kakhulu zokugijima nokuziqondisa, futhi izikhali zazizoba yinto yokuqothula yomlilo , uma kunesidingo. Abakhi bemikhumbi babhekana nalo msebenzi.

I-artillery cruiser eminyakeni yobu-athomu

Ngo-1955, kwakukhona izenzakalo eziphawulekayo emlandweni weSoviet Navy, isibonelo, i-torpedo yokuqala ye-nyukliya yahlolwa, futhi umkhumbi wokuqala we-nuclear-powered adopted. Ngandlela-thile emthunzini walezi zenzakalo ezikhazimulayo kwakukhona iqiniso elilodwa, kanti mhlawumbe kwakubhekwa njengento engelutho. Ngo-Ephreli 24 ummeleli wokugcina wephrojekthi 68-bis cruiser "Murmansk" yasungulwa. Ukubuyekezwa kwezici zalo zobuchwepheshe, ngenxa yazo zonke ubuhle bazo, akuzange kugxilwe ubuholi bezempi be-USSR ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi uNobhala Wokuqala Khrushchev, noNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela uZhukov baphupha okuthile okuthiwa yi-nuclear, missile, ngisho nangcono - ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Izibhamu eziyishumi nambili zomgogodla oyinhloko (152 mm), eziningi ezisizayo zomhlaba wonke (100 mm), izibhamu eziyi-32 ezizenzekelayo zokulwa nomlilo, eziningi zezidakamizwa - konke lokhu akuzange kubangele abaholi ababengazi kakhulu ezindabeni zezempi. Ngokufuduka kwamathani angu-16.3,000, i-Cruiser "i-Murmansk" yayinebude obuyi-210 m, ubude obungama-22m kanye nohlaka lwama-7.26 m. Lungathuthukisa inkambo efika ku-31.5 amafindo (lokhu kuyisikhathi samanje) futhi ibe namandla Ukubhuka.

Noma kunjalo, umkhumbi owakhelwe ngaphansi kweStalin wawubhekwa njengengqondo engasebenzi. Ngaphezulu kwakhe kwakusongelwa ukusika izinsimbi ngemuva kokusungula.

Umsebenzi wezempi ngesikhathi sokuthula

Ngenhlanhla, isikebhe esibucayi uMurmansk sikwazi ukuvikela umyalo wemikhumbi, naphezu kokulahlekelwa, kanye nokunciphisa. Kusukela ngo-1963, umkhumbi uhlanganyela ezenzweni eziningi ezikude namakhaya asekhaya. Khona-ke, njengoba engcono kakhulu, uthunyelwa ngokuvakashelwa kwamazwe ahlukahlukene, uvikela iNyakatho ye-USSR ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwe-Cold War, uthola isihloko esihloniphekile esithi "Kuhle kakhulu" (1965), uthatha uNobhala Jikelele uBrezhnev (1967) nezinye izivakashi eziphakeme. Phakathi nempi yase-Arab-Israel, uhamba ngesikebhe eMedithera ngeqembu elidumile, futhi ukhonza e-Atlantic. Ngokuvamile, i-biography yomkhumbi icebile ezenzakalweni, kwanele ukubalula okungenani ukuthi ibanga elihamba ngayo ngasolwandle lihambisana nobude bama-equator ayishumi nanye.

Ukususwa nokushayela kokugcina

Isikhathi asinakulinganiswa, kodwa lo mkhumbi wawuhamba ngenhlonipho. Ngo-1989, wagcina "edutshulwa", futhi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe. NgoDisemba wangonyaka ofanayo, i-cruiser yaxoshwa ngokusemthethweni enkonzweni, futhi iqembu lahlukana. Ngesikhathi sokuqala wema emaqenjini, futhi ngo-1994 wathengiselwa eNdiya ngezinsimbi zokusika izinsimbi.

Kuhlale kudabukisayo ukubuka ukuthi lochwepheshe odala uzobhujiswa kanjani. Kodwa isimo sokungalawuleki komkhumbi sibonakala kulesi siqephu sokugcina se-biography yakhe. Iziphepho zeLwandle lwaseBarents ziqede izintambo zokudonsa, kodwa zibeka ngokucophelela isidumbu manje esesihlabathini se-sandbank. I-element ngokwayo ayifuni ukuyeka isilwane sayo, amashumi eminyaka amaningi evula izidumbu zayo.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi emi ngasogwini, kanti kuphela izigubhu ezithuthumayo ezikhumbuza ukuthi le ntaba yensimbi yayiyi-cruiser "i-Murmansk". Isithombe somkhumbi sanyatheliswa yi-press yaseYurophu, izihloko zabhalwa ngaye. Ekugcineni, ngenxa yokwesaba ukulimala kwemvelo, yaqala ukunciphisa insimbi. Ngo-2013, kwakungekho lutho olusele emkhunjini omkhulu.