Yakutsk labantu. Isibalo idolobha kanye nesakhiwo kazwelonke

Esikhathini indawo eyiqhwa yiyona idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eRussia - Yakutsk. Labantu ophilayo insimu yayo, okulingana cishe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300 izakhamuzi. Kodwa uma umumo wenhlangano yonke imizana ngokushesha futhi ezizungezile, zingakhula lesi sibalo abantu 330 000. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapha uhlala mayelana amathathu amaphesenti abantu kulo lonke izwe.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana idolobha

endaweni Yakutsk kuyinto 122 amakhilomitha square. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke labantu isikhungo enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe futhi engowesithathu izakhamuzi eziningi eMpumalanga Ekude. Yingakho-dolobha yeRiphabhuliki yaseSakha kuyinto Yakutsk. Inani labantu base-sonke isifunda ukuza lapha bafundile, ukuba ziphile futhi zisebenze. Umuzi isendaweni lomfula Yelena, okwenza icatshangelwe futhi enye yezindawo ezinkulu emfuleni nezimbobo. Futhi itholakala esizeni yakut kukhona amachibi amaningi futhi oxbow amachibi.

ingqalasizinda

idolobha Administrative ihlukaniswe ngezigodi ezahlukene kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Umkhakha akuzange wathola ukuthuthukiswa efanele lapha. Futhi etholakala umkhakha khona kuphela okusekela ukuphila komnikazi. Noma kunjalo, isikhungo enkulu ibhizinisi futhi ukuhweba ubhekwa Yakutsk. Labantu ayehlala emzini, usebenza kakhulukazi ezindaweni kuchaziwe ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo somnotho capital republic sika ibhizinisi. Sesitimela kuleli dolobha. Kule ndaba, ingxenye konke okuhamba yizimpahla egcina echwebeni emfuleni. Esikhathini travel isiphetho eyenziwa amabhasi ezahlukene namasevisi itekisi.

abantu

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili e labantu kulo muzi abantu abangamashumi amathathu amawaka kuphela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sibalo sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Futhi ngo-January 1, 1990 labantu Yakutsk kwaba cishe 192,000 izakhamizi. Kule nkathi ukuthuthelwa asebenzayo endaweni yayo ka bakule ndawo evela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, kwaba khona outflow eliphakeme kangaka labantu. Lokhu kwakungenxa labantu Yakutsk abakhuluma isiRashiya. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2000, ayizange kakhulu ukushintsha izakhamuzi eziningi ayehlala emzini. It zazilingana ayizinkulungwane 196.

Nge eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili-yokufuduka kule ndawo nabakhileyo amazwe Asia Ephakathi, eChina kanye eCaucasus. Ngenxa labantu emzini Yakutsk waqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Kakade ngesikhathi 2010 sasifana nokuthi abantu 267 000. Lokhu kuthambekela omuhle baqhubeka eminyakeni eyalandela. Ngakho, ngo-January 1, 2016, ngokusho kwabantu zakamuva, kukhona cishe izakhamuzi 315 000. Kulawa, 167.000 - ngabesifazane 148 000 - amadoda. Izinga lokuzalwa kweliphezulu endaweni enabantu, ngakho cishe zonke umndeni ingane ethi ezintathu. Isilinganiso sobudala izakhamuzi Yakutsk Uneminyaka ecishe ibe u-45.

I ahlukahlukene Ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Kuthathwa idolobha multi-ngokobuhlanga Yakutsk. Labantu lapha ikakhulukazi we Yakuts, okuyinto kule ndawo enabantu iyikhaya labantu abangaba ngu-145 000. Russian zikhona mayelana 114 000, kodwa kukhona ezinye izizwe eziningi ezahlukene. Edolobheni kuhlale kwabaMhlophe, kodwa ikakhulu ingush. Kukhona encane Diaspora Armenia Chechens, ngubani phakathi kwabo ayizange ingxabano. Futhi ngisho uma kwenzeka kuba khona impikiswano of ukwesekwa international nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila lapha yobuhlanga Ukraine, AmaTatar, Buryats, ama-Ossetic omdabu, nabasePoland, naseLithuania, Zulu, Evens, Tajiks, baseKorea, Moldavians, Dagestani, isiShayina nabanye.

Hlobo luni lwenkolo ibona labantu?

Ngenxa kwezizwe eziningi kangaka ezihlukahlukene abahlala edolobheni, izinhlangano zezenkolo emelwe kahle. Kukhona inani elikhulu izindlu zokukhulekela abasezinkolweni ezingefani. Ngo Yakutsk kukhona amasonto amahlanu Orthodox, kanye nemiphakathi Old Engakholwa. Ensimini ka masipala siphile amaKatolika futhi abantu abathi, ubuBuddha nezinye izinkolo ezihlukahlukene. Okusanda okwaxoxwa abasebenzi kwenani elikhulu Yakutsk Ucwaningo Izikhungo. Ngokwe-miphumela yembula ukuthi u-27% izakhamuzi zendawo abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

Indlela inenani nale minyaka eyishumi edlule?

Ngokusho idatha yakamuva letigcogcwe yokubala abantu emzini, bekubonakala lwembula ukuthi inani abakhileyo kunyuke ngo-20% kusukela ngo-2003. Kulawa, abantu 205.000 uneminyaka yobudala ukusebenza, kuyilapho 44 000 - impesheni. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso sikhathi Yakutsk uthatha indawo 67 phakathi kwezinye nemizana amaphuzu neRussia kuya izakhamuzi eziningi. Ngeshwa, le kwenani labantu is hhayi waphawula ezindaweni zezimboni yezwe. Abantu balapho hamba ukufunda kanye nomsebenzi kamuva enhloko-dolobha, ngakho kukhona labantu iyancipha njalo ngonyaka. Yakutsk kulokhu livele izakhamuzi zayo ezintsha.

Izibikezelo lekusasa

Esikhathini esidlule izinyanga eziyisithupha sasiqhutshelwa umhlangano njalo the City Council of Yakutsk ngesabelomali, kanye nokuphila emphakathini nasemnothweni komnikazi. Kulo mhlangano ukuze acutshungulwe yizikhulu zendawo sathunyelwa ahlelele intuthuko ka isikhungo republic analo phakathi neminyaka emine eyalandela. Ngokuhamba umhlangano wazwakalisa kwenhloko yomnyango kwezomnotho omhlaba wonke ukuphatha wesifunda I. Timofeev. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo muzi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuyodingeka ukugcina ubuholi bayo phakathi kwezinye nemizana weRiphabhulikhi phezu inzuzo ezidayiswayo, kanye inzuzo ukuhweba iimfesi, catering, izindlu nokuthuma kanye, ngokulandelana, mayelana namasevisi isakhiwo.

Ukuvikelwa komphakathi labantu Yakutsk ngayo yonke le kufanele futhi ukwandisa izinga yabo, ngakho luzoqhubeka lukhula isibalo abahlali. Futhi 2017 ngeke azisizi cishe 325 000 izakhamuzi. Zamaphini kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokuzalwa emzini uzohlala izinkomba okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele omuhle, futhi kufanele uqhubeke ukwandisa ngenxa ukuthutheleka esikhulu sabantu abavela kwezinye izifunda.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe abasebenza emkhakheni kwezenhlalo, isilinganiso amaholo ezingeni kufanele azungeze ayizinkulungwane 50 ruble. Izinga eliphakeme amaholo izoqhubeka, njengasekuqaleni, abasebenzi basebenza emasimini kwemayini, emkhakheni wezezimali, kanye emkhakheni zokuvikeleka wezempi kanye nokubusa abaphathi. Basebenzi nokuxhumana futhi Ezokuthutha may esikhathini esizayo esiseduze futhi balindele ukwenyuka kwezinga lokukhokha yomshikashika wabo. Mayelana izibikezelo nomsebenzi wezolimo wezazi akuzona kududuza, James kanjani konke kuzoncika ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi kule ndawo.

amaqiniso

It kuvela ukuthi iningi isiqongo nenzalo inhloko-dolobha Yakutia sabhalwa ngo 1987, futhi ngo-1991 kwaba irekhodi e isibalo izivakashi edolobheni. Ngo-2010 kwafika angaphansi kwamasentimitha zonke izingane endaweni Yakutsk esikhathini esidlule koleminyaka engamatshumi amathathu langaphezulu. Futhi ngo-2012, washaywa irekhodi ku wezifiki enhlokodolobha yase-Republic of Sakha kusuka Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, futhi izifunda eziningi zaseRussia. Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu ukubikezela ukuthi ngo-2020 Isibalo sabathola impesheni yabadala ongafinyelela mayelana 38% of the Isamba sabantu abahlala endaweni enabantu.

Kulokhu osekushiwo, kungashiwo baphetha ngokuthi abantu abahlala kule ndawo eyiqhwa akazange abe nomuzwa wokuthi ngandlela-thile uschemlonnymi. Izakhamuzi zenhloko-dolobha ka Yakutia afakwa ukubukwa olandelanayo ngenqubomgomo futhi njalo bazama ukulondoloza iziphathimandla zamanje yezwe, njengoba abaholi ekhona ngikudalile ngabo umuzi, onke izimo ezidingekile ukuvikelwa komphakathi sabantu futhi anikeze Yakutsk ukuthuthukisa iyonke. Ngakho-ke, wabaphonsa akakwazi ngokuthi ngaso sonke emzaneni ukujikeleza lapho abantu beze nje ukusebenza. Lena isikhungo ephelele zokuphatha yezinkundla ezinkulu kunazo zonke esifundeni, lapho ingqalasizinda futhi zonke izici zokuphila athuthukile. Qiniseka ngiyoyibona omkhulu, enhle, isiphetho olunothile: izakhamuzi zawo zingabakhulekeli ophawulekayo wokungenisa izihambi futhi enobungane.