Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo we West laseSiberia Plain. Inkinga yomuntu nesimo Western eSiberia

Namuhla, cishe umbuzo yokuphepha kwezemvelo sibi kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Akukho lutho isimanga kuleli: ukuxhashazwa sokungacabangi nabahahayo kwemithombo yemvelo kwaholela yokuthi okwamanje kunengozi hhayi kuphela ukunyamalala eziningi zezilwane, kodwa uhlanga lwesintu uqobo. Ingabe ikhona inombolo enkulu izinhlelo kwemvelo kanye nokongiwa ukuthi kwakuthiwa bangasiza ziphathelene zonke izinkinga. Kodwa njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka, konke okuhle kuphela ephepheni.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezweni lethu. Ngeshwa, singabaza isimo emvelweni of endaweni uhlale ekupheleni kuqala. Uma akazange abangele izinkinga ikakhulukazi, kodwa izikhathi ukushintsha, nokungcoliswa ukushuba Izwe lethu liyakhula ngezinga elethusayo. Yiqiniso, impucuko yesimanje ngeke kube khona kungekho zonke izinzuzo enikeza ngimnikeze umkhakha athuthukile. Ngeshwa, abakhiqizi ngokuvamile ukugwema ngamabomu ukuhambisana eziyisisekelo nemithetho kwemvelo, kuphumele isimo ukungcoliswa kwemvelo isibe ezingasho edabukisayo.

Singekhohlwe ukuthi ngaphandle imvelo akuyona womuntu. On kanjani kahle siyivikela imvelo, incike inhlalakahle yezingane ethu esikhathini esizayo, ukuze sengqondo sokuyekelela yalo mbuzo neze zinkulu.

Accelerated eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo yezwe kuba nomphumela omuhle emnothweni, kodwa izinkinga zemvelo West laseSiberia Plain, ngenxa yalokhu kwanda unyaka ngamunye.

Khumbula ukuthi isixhumanisi weakest yonke imisebenzi kwemvelo inzuzo kwezomnotho. Ngisho ukufakwa elula ukwelashwa izindawo kuyabiza kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuphathwa kwenkampani ngokuvamile "ukhohlwa 'ngazo, zikhetha ukukhokha akuyona inhlawulo njengoba eningi.

Akubuzwa ukuthi ngaphandle kokwesekwa wangempela isimo, okuyinto ngabe uxhaso ukuthengwa imishini enjalo, ngaphandle ngokuxhasa ukuthunyelwa imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi kwemvelo kufanele angaphuphi ngisho nokuphupha lokuthuthukisa isimo esiphansi kwemvelo ezweni lethu.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Le ndawo eyinqaba kangangokuthi kufanele uyinikele isihloko wonke.

isingeniso

By the way, iphi Plain West eSiberia? Itholakala wonke endaweni kusukela Urals ukuze Central laseSiberia Plateau, bangazihluphi endaweni enkulu.

Entshonalanga yeSiberia - endaweni ehlukile. Ubukeka sengathi endishini elikhulu, lapho ebusa sezulu nzima impela. Age of the West laseSiberia Plain - okungenani iminyaka engu-25 million. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlukile sokugcwaliseka kwaso Geological: izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kulendawo njalo ekuphumeni eziphonsa, yingakho kwavela umuntu sezwe engavamile ngempela futhi nzima. Nokho, ukuphakama isilinganiso West laseSiberia Plain ezincane: yaphelela, akuvamile idlule uphawu 50-150 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

The main izakhi impumuzo iba sobala futhi ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni. Isikhathi esiningi ethafeni iba izici evelele inamagquma sezwe eligoqiwe. Esikhathini waseningizimu yeNtshonalanga eSiberia kuyinto isakhiwo sendawo yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi. Baningi emfuleni emathafeni, kwakheka inani elikhulu emifuleni emikhulu nge zamanje kancane, uqedela isithombe. Kulapho Plain West laseSiberia.

I izici eziyinhloko isimo sezwe

Njengoba sishilo kakade, isimo sezulu lapha sicaciselwe kakhulu. Ngakho, ezindaweni aseningizimu elinesimo liphinyiselwe sezulu yezwekazi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuma impumuzo West ethafeni laseSiberia limelela inkomishi yokuqala (bheka ngenhla), ukunyakaza enkulu mass umoya ngaphakathi kwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphazima kweso lapho izinga lokushisa kulo lonke ebusika kungenzeki. Lokhu akumangazi nakakhulu ukuthi ubude West laseSiberia Plain cishe izinkulungwane 2500 amakhilomitha!

Ngakho, ngisho Barnaul okushisa bavame ukulahla ukuze -45 degrees Celsius, kodwa izinga lokubanda efanayo ebonwe engxenyeni esenyakatho-Araba, nakuba amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka amabili nambili. Spring ngempela Friend, kuqhathaniswa yomile. Apreli ngomqondo ogcwele wegama akuyona inyanga entwasahlobo.

Ngo-May, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokucijile, kodwa ngenxa ukuhamba emoyeni quba ocean emuva ngokuvamile ezibandayo, futhi kwezinye izimo kungenzeka kweqhwa. Ngo-July, nezinga lokushisa bengase bazikhandlele 22 degrees Celsius (kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-5 degrees esenyakatho okuyingxenye). Kusukela ukuphakama isilinganiso Plain West laseSiberia amancane, ngokuvamile kukhona umoya onamandla okuhlabayo.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu kwezimiso ezinzima kwemvelo esifundeni

Okokuqala, umumo lwamanje ngenxa yokuthi bathi kule minyaka yamuva, ngendathane kwandisa umfutho isizinda kwemithombo yemvelo. EWestern eSiberia, has izimboni eziningana ezibangela umonakalo ubunjalo buphawuleka kakhulu: uginindela nephepha, okulungisa ukudla, umkhiqizo kawoyela kanye namahlathi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana Ukwanda kwenani izimoto siqu, nakho kunomthelela nokungcoliswa inqubo imvelo.

Ngeshwa, lesi simanga yanda ngisho kwezolimo: eminyakeni yamuva e Western eSiberia isetshenziswa impela eningi umquba, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye yokubulala ukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphathimandla zendawo akanandaba ngisho izenzo ezithile ngokuphathelene landfills.

Abaningi babo baye eside isivaliwe, kodwa bayaqhubeka bashise njalo njalo ehlobo, ngokuvamile ngokuletha izakhamuzi nemizana eseduze ukuze yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuma ukukhululeka West laseSiberia Plain kufana inkomishi, bakwazi izinyanga ezimbalwa ke ingaphezu emadolobheni. izibalo ezilula izibhedlela ibonisa ukuthi kulesi sikhathi isimo kakhulu nzima nge nezifo zokuphefumula.

Ekugcineni, thina awanasisekelo kakhulu ukusetshenziswa izinsiza Irreplaceable West laseSiberia Plain. Izizathu Kufanele kufunwe ngisho nasezikhathini wasebukhosini. Khona-ke, njengoba esikhathini Soviet, owaqala ukusizakala imali kalula kakhulu kufinyeleleke futhi ecebile, wedlula ukuhlukumeza impande zonke ehlathini eliseduzane. Uma ujwayelene incazelo emfushane eWest laseSiberia Plain ke wazi ukuthi insimu yalo akuyona ihlathi okuningi. Uma imiqhele yabo rustled cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa ngenxa kwezimboni okusheshayo yezwe cishe bonke of them eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele.

Futhi kuphela bese uqhubekela phambili ukuthuthukiswa Amasimu elikude, okuyizinto ngenxa ukungapheleli ku base zobuchwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu isiphelile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi izinto zokusetshenziswa kulezi imali, futhi wahlala khona. Isizathu - kuyinto ubuchwepheshe obufanayo emuva. Manje uthole lezi zitoko kungaba, kodwa kuyodingeka bakhokhe umsebenzi okhandlayo futhi lenqwaba zokulahla. Namuhla, woza njengoba abaningi. Imiphumela esisangulukisayo: Kusaphazwa slag nje odla phansi, futhi isisindo salo kuholela ukwehlisa ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, baba engajulile futhi ayeke ngokuphelele emfuleni komhlaba, emifantwini Karst avele, eduze kwayo kuyingozi kakhulu, noma yimuphi umsebenzi ezimbonini.

Kusukela ngineminyaka engu-eWest laseSiberia Plain kuyinto engaba iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-25-30, ingcebo elingaphakathi yayo eziningi. Kodwana ungacabangi ukuthi amasheya abo akupheli.

Esinye isizathu - the inertia yokucabanga bese ulandela nezimfundiso technocratic. Abantu abaningi basakholelwa uhlobo "Amandla" yomuntu, okuvumela ukuba akushaye indiva nemvelo. Bayakhohlwa ukuthi linganisa - hhayi kuphela kunzima kakhulu, kodwa futhi indlela zintekenteke kakhulu ukusaphaza futhi zilekelele nokumosha okuyinto igcwele enkingeni enkulu ngenxa yesintu.

Nokho, sesivele ukubona lokhu: sezulu njalo "Freaks" uma kungekho iqhwa ngoJanuary iqhwa Juni alulusha, ngokucijile Ukuhlanganyela ukubukeka-tsunami kanye neziphepho, lenqwaba izinhlanzi nokufa ngenxa kwekhabhoni ezinobuthi emfuleni. Ngenxa yalokhu, le sici West laseSiberia Plain njengoba izindawo "angcolile kakhulu" ayibukeki ezicindezelayo ngakho, nakuba bonke kulezi zinkanyezi - izixhumanisi elilodwa kanye yochungechunge olufanayo.

umthelela Human

Amadolobha amaningi kule ndawo kukhona khona lendawo endaweni ka-unomphela zezinhlekelele. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu isimo nokungahambisani okusobala amavolumu kwemithombo yemvelo kanye izinyathelo kwemvelo Ukuvikelwa. Uma sikubeka kalula, umkhiqizo kawoyela okufanayo is kokukhulumela phezulu, kodwa kwemvelo imisebenzi wokuhlanza indawo kusuka uwoyela lichitheke cishe akekho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esifundeni has a lot of sphere zenuzi, isimo okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ekude kakhulu ekahle. Kusukela ukuphakama Plain West laseSiberia liphansi (amathuba kancane ekusakazekeni ngokushesha igciwane), yiso lesi sifunda wakhethwa ubuholi waseSoviet yenuzi izikhali ukuhlolwa. Imiphumela yalokhu izakhamizi wesifunda wazizwa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Asazi zokuphola kangaka wakhuluma ngezici zezulu kwendawo ekuqaleni sihloko (ezifana ukuphakama Plain West laseSiberia): eyiqhwa esifanayo, butholakale engxenyeni esenyakatho yasethafeni kunesandla ukuvelela ukucindezeleka kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya ukunyakaza okukhulu komoya phakathi Imiphumela ebusika e ekuqongeleleni kusheshisa kulinga ngentuthu mass phezu kwemizi zezimboni ezinkulu, okuyinto kule ndawo kakhulu.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi izinkinga eziphawulekayo kunazo kwezemvelo West laseSiberia Plain kukhona isici Altai Territory, saseTomsk Region, futhi Omsk isifunda Khanty-Mansiysk. Kulezi zindawo ingozi impilo yabantu weqiwe by 80-85%! Ngokuvamile, lezi zindawo inkinga ukumboza-15% wayo yonke Western eSiberia.

Izimpawu kwekhabhoni enobungozi

EKemerovo Novokuznetsk Prokopyevsk futhi saseTomsk, Omsk Barnaul Tyumen futhi (ngezinga elincane) isimo siba enzima ngaphezulu njalo ngonyaka. Emoyeni, kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi okuqukethwe formaldehyde phenol futhi benzopyrene. Konke lokhu izinto kukhona umdlavuza scary. Engeza kuleli isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa sasikhipha carbon omnyama oxide ayoni. Futhi ungeke kusimangaze nenani elikhula njalo nezifo zokuphefumula kubantu abahlala kula madolobha. Ungakhohlwa mayelana kwekhabhoni nitrogen dioxide, okuyinto ushevu uqine.

uwoyela sphere

Unyaka ngamunye e uwoyela burns yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa cubic ukusiza igesi ukuthi akuyona esingaphansi 75-80% yevolumu yayo ngokuphelele. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukulahleka nobuchwepheshe singadluli 5%. Izimbaqa wokushisa igesi e Western eSiberia kuyabonakala ngisho ukusuka endaweni. Kumele wanezela ukuthi enegunya elithile lokulawula ekushayweni embonini uwoyela esifundeni esingaphansi 0,015%. Ngakho, izinkinga zemvelo West laseSiberia Plain ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukholo okubi phezu ingxenye izinkampani ezinkulu uwoyela.

Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ukungcoliswa komhlaba

Lena akuyona kaningi bathi, kodwa amaningi ala masimu of Western eSiberia Itholakala zone izindawo elikhulu kwazo imisebe. The main "sokunconywa" ukuthi kungokwalabo nkampani "ugxilisa" futhi "laseSiberia Chemical Hlanganisa." Ngo saseTomsk, lapho lesi sitshalo zokugcina ungenwa zone ngaphakathi endaweni engaba amakhilomitha okungenani 100 izungeze lo muzi.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ensimini Totskii, Novaya Zemlya futhi Semipalatinsk test site for kuqhuma yenuzi kude bahlakazeka kwazo imisebe. It idlulisela saseTomsk, eKemerovo naseNovosibirsk esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyahlaselwa ngokwengxenye wazibonakalisa nokuhlupheka Altai Territory, okuyinto vele heptyl elinegciwane falling njalo umhlaba wakhe ekuweni rocket izigaba kusukela Baikonur. Phakathi kuka-1953 kuya ku-1961 kulezi amabanga benziwa ukuqhuma eziningi, ngemiphumela lapho okusaphenywa wazizwa.

Kodwa akugcini lapho. Lokhu akusho, kodwa Plain West laseSiberia Itholakala zone of kwazo imisebe sinamandla ngempela, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo wakha okuningi ukuqhuma zenuzi ngomshoshaphansi, imiphumela zazo wazizwa Nefteyugansk efanayo. Omsk ngempela ongcolile imisebe, ingxenye eyinhloko edolobheni, ngenkathi izindawo zalo neuropathy abelokhu ahlanzekile.

ukungcola kwamanzi

Cishe yonke indawo eWest laseSiberia Plain, e elithile noma ngenye indlela enobuthi nge ammonium nensimbi nosawoti, phenols nemikhiqizo kamanyolo. Ngeshwa, ngisho lena akuyona kuyiyona nto ebaluleke kunazo: lonke network lokuhlola amanzi esifundeni inenkinga enkulu ngenxa isizinda uwoyela esifundeni. Nokho, kuye kwaba kuqhathaniswa elichumayo kuleli maqondana isimo engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-West laseSiberia Plain.

Maye, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo zase-MPC (esiphezulu lokuhlushwa kuvunyelwe) wamafutha amanzi lidlulwa ezinhlanu noma ngisho 50 (!) Times. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi Novosibirsk, saseTomsk-Omsk izifunda. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi wonke (!!!), engxenyeni esenyakatho Western eSiberia nokuhlupheka itheleleke ukuze okweqa izikhathi 50-100 kuyinsakavukela MPC ukumangala akekho. Futhi manje - babi. Izazi zilinganisela ukuthi cishe u-40% endaweni le ndawo ungaphakathi isimo unomphela enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo, kusukela kwezinkambiso kokuqukethwe uwoyela emanzini kudlulwe izikhathi 100 noma ngaphezulu.

Lezi izinkinga zemvelo West laseSiberia Plain. Kafushane, finyeta, singasho ukuthi cha konke okubi. Lezi zibalo ezishaqisayo ijwayeleke kakhulu ezindaweni eduze emadolobheni amakhulu, futhi inikeza "lokushisa esibhedlela." Izinto obekungabe ngenzé kangcono ngayo kakhulu, kodwa ukuphathwa izinkampani eziningi akanandaba nokuthuthukela izitshalo ukwelashwa indle (noma ukuzifaka). Kodwa amanzi - omunye walabo ezibonakalayo, okuyinto ecebile ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga laseSiberia Plain! emifuleni ngokubabazekayo Photo sika babe esihlokweni, ukuze wena ngokwakho ongabona lokhu.

Ososayensi, hydrologists ukusho ukuthi isimo esisongela ingxenye Biysk - Novosibirsk, ob lapho okunobuthi kakhulu. ngezansi nje edolobheni Kolpashevo degree ukungcoliswa umfula futhi ophakeme, + kodwa ngaleso confluence isithombe kungcono kakhulu. Cishe yonke imifula encane isimo esifundeni sika ngokuphelele ezifanayo. Noma kunjalo, konke okufanayo: a ukungcola kwamanzi qualitative ambalwa is wancipha kule isiqondiso ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu (kuya enyakatho ekhiqizwa amaminerali kakhulu).

izinsiza ihlathi

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa ukusetshenziswa (ngokuvumelana izibalo ezisemthethweni, vele) yehlathi izinsiza yeSiberia kunalokho nesizotha. Umqulu isilinganiso ukuvunwa cuttings ingeqi 8%, kanti babengamaphesenti 18% uma liqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sezwe, futhi kwezinye izimo nakakhulu. Ukungabi thinning kuhlelwe kuholela yokuthi izinkuni iqala ukuba aguge futhi afe.

Ngakho, afanayo overripe samanje kakade akha okungenani u-70% esifundeni. Konke lokhu kancane kancane kuholela yokuthi indawo yakwa-Western eSiberia njalo oluqubuka empandleni real "isihlahla ubhubhane" okubangelwa Ukuhlasela izinkuni borers nezinye izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa nokungcoliswa etafuleni amanzi okungenhla kukhona kaningi desiccation sonke amahlathi.

Enye inkinga - emlilweni, okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva of "edumile" Plain Russian kanye West laseSiberia. Cishe 65% ukulahlekelwa engahlelelwe izinkuni njengoba isikhathi siwela phezu kwakho. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi cishe u-25% we Leli hlathi linobukhulu obuphindwe ezonini esebenzayo ye umkhiqizo kawoyela, okuyinto futhi kukhulisa ematfuba ukuthungela izindawo ezinkulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inani imililo kuncike kakhulu inhlangano neziphathimandla zendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-eKemerovo esifundeni egcwele amahlathi, okuyinto abakhahlamezwe izinambuzane, kodwa ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yomlilo kukhona azinakwa (esingaphansi 0.2%). Nakhu ukuthi "ihlathi" sengqondo Waphawuleka West laseSiberia Plain. Photo ehlathini enhle ayatholakala kule athikili.

Biotopes ukumelana En

Yiqiniso, isimo emvelweni of izindawo e Western eSiberia, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye yakithi, kuxhomeke kakhulu nokusimama yabo. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngandlela-thile kuphazamise degree ukungcola, kukhona amanzi, Iqhwa, kwabantu inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi. Ngakho, emathafeni ase-okungenani ozinzile futhi ihlathi emathafeni, ehlane sezwe kodwa uyakwazi eside ukumelana nezinkinga zemvelo. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi isakhiwo Geological West laseSiberia Plain kunomthelela amalungiselelo kwezemvelo okunomthelela omubi kakhulu.

Isimo esinzima kakhulu wenziwa nasemkhakheni eKemerovo esifundeni kanye Altai. Esimweni sokuqala-ke sihlotshaniswa ukukhiqizwa okukhulu igesi namafutha, lesibili - umsebenzi Baikonur, ngoba uwela Altai wachitha wokuqala esigabeni rocket. Zemvelo baxwayisa ngokuthi lezi zindawo kumele siqaphelisise izinyathelo kwemvelo.

Njengoba ubona, izinkinga zemvelo West laseSiberia Plain zahlukahlukene kanye sibi kakhulu. Uma ungenzi lutho okwamanje, ukulungiswa eziningi kubo isasebenza.