Wonke umuntu kufanele azi igama lezingcezu ze-chess

Abaningi bachitha isikhathi sabo samahhala bedlala i-chess. Kulomdlalo abantu bazo zonke ubudala badlala ngentshiseko. Uma wazi imithetho yomdlalo futhi wenze isu elithile lokuhamba, injabulo yokuwina ngeke ithathe isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqalise kudingekile ukuba uzijwayele ngemithetho, funda igama lezibalo ze-chess.

Umlando we-chess

Umdlalo we-chess waqalwa amaNdiya ngekhulu le-6 BC. E. Esikhathini esedlule, i-chess ibizwe ngendlela ehlukile. I-Chaturanga - lokhu kwakusho ukuthi "Izikhali ezine zezintambo".

Umdlalo wawufana ne-chess yesimanje, kodwa kwakukhona umehluko othile. Ibhodi lapho umdlalo ngokwawo okwenzeka khona futhi wawuhlanganisa namaseli awo angu-8x8, kodwa umbala wabo wawungowodwa. Ibhodi lahlukaniswa laba imibala emibili kamuva, eseYurophu kakade. Zingaki izingcezu ze-chess esikhathini sethu, okuningi kwakungaleso sikhathi.

Kodwa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-chess lasendulo kwakuyizinombolo zabahlanganyeli emdlalweni. Abantu abane bahlanganyela kulo mdlalo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi ngamunye wabonisa ngokuhlukile "ibutho" lakhe ekhoneni elithile ebhodini lezemidlalo. Esikhundleni senkosi kwakunguRaja, izigqoko zazihamba ngamahhashi, amahhashi, ngokulandelana, ayenamahhashi, futhi emabuthweni kwakuhlanganisa izindlovu zokulwa kanye nenqola kusukela esikebheni. Izibalo zazinemibala emine: obomvu, ophuzi, ohlaza nobumnyama. Abadlali baphenduka baphonsa idayisi, okuyinto enquma ukuthi iyiphi isibalo sizohamba. Uma i-unit inqotshiwe, ukuthutha kwakuyi-pawn, i-deuce yayiyihhashi, inomboro yesithathu ibonisa inkambo ye-rook, ezine-indlovu, emihlanu nesithupha ibonisa inkambo yenkosi. Indlovukazi, eyayiyindlovukazi, yayingekho e chess. Umdlalo uphele lapho zonke izingcezu zesitha zaqedwa.

Ukuguqulwa komdlalo

Kusukela e-India enelanga, ekugcineni i-chess yaqala ukungenisa kwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, amaShayina abizwa ngokuthi i-chess "xiangqi", amaJapan - "shogi", abakhileyo eThailand - "macro". Kuphela ePersia, igama lamanje le-chess lavela. Ama-Arabhu abiza umbusi wabo Shah, ngakho inkosi yase chess ibizwa kanjalo.

Ushintshe imithetho nemagama, kwakukhona ukuziphendukela kwe-chess. Bashiya idayisi futhi inani labadlali lahlehla lababili. Umbala wezibalo usuvele ube mnyama nomhlophe. Igama lezingcezu ze-chess lahlala lingashintshi. Ezinye zezingcezu ze- chess zishintshe igama. Ngakho, uRaja waba ngu-Shah. Njengoba kwakukhona amakhosi amabili, omunye wabo wenza ukuba buthakathaka futhi enze indlovukazi. Futhi amaPheresiya asungula umphumela wokugcina wegeyimu - ugibele enkosini. Ngolimi lwasePheresiya, igama elithi chess lisho ukuthi "u-shah wafa."

Kwadlula isikhathi eside lo mdlalo, ngenkathi ngifinyelela eRussia. U-Chess weza kithi hhayi e-Europe. Kukholelwa ukuthi amaTajik aletha i-chess eRussia ngekhulu le-9 BC. Yingakho igama lezibalo ze-chess lihunyushwa ngokoqobo kusuka e-Arabhu nasePheresiya. Futhi kakade ngekhulu le-XI imithetho yokudlala i-chess yafika eRussia.

Isethi ye-Chess

Ukuze udlale i-chess, uzodinga i- chessboard ehlukaniswe ngezikwele ezingu-64, enemibala emibili: omnyama nomhlophe. Amasimu avamile futhi aqondile anezinhlamvu zawo. Ngokulinganayo, lezi zibalo kusuka komunye kuya kwabayisishiyagalombili, futhi ngokuzenzekelayo izinhlamvu ezivela ku-A kuya ku-H, ngakho-ke insimu ngayinye inezixhumanisi. Zingaki izingcezu ku-chess? Umdlali ngamunye ensimini kumele abe nemigodi emibili, amahhashi amabili, izindlovu ezimbili, ama-pawn ayisishiyagalombili, indlovukazi nenkosi. Ingqikithi kunezingcezu ezingu-32 ku-chess, okuphikisanayo ngokuhlukana phakathi. Okulandelayo - ngemininingwane eminingi mayelana nezinhlamvu ze-chess.

Nkosi

E-Arabhu, inkosi izwakala sengathi "al-shah" futhi ekuhunyushweni okuvela ePheresiya kusho inkosi, kodwa kwezinye izilimi incazelo yalesi sibalo iyona evelele kakhulu. Lesi sibalo esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esibalulekile ku-chess. I-chess king, naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, ingahamba kuphela esigcawini esisodwa, kodwa kunoma iyiphi indlela. Lesi sibalo sisengozini ngaphandle kokuvikela ezinye izingcezu. Empeleni, konke okusemqoka komdlalo ukuvikela inkosi ekuhambeni okuqondile kwamanye ama-chessmen. Ukusongela inkosi engabonakali e-chess kubizwa ngokuthi "shah". E-Russia, isibalo sichazwe ngokuthi "Kr", nasesimisweni samazwe ngamazwe - "K".

Indlovukazi e-chess iyinombolo yesibili eqinile ngemva kwenkosi

E-Arabhu, igama al-firuzan lisho "ososayensi." Kodwa kunezinye izinkolelo, phakathi kwegama elithi "umuntu ohlakaniphile", "umlawuli", njll. Ngekhulu le-15, indlovukazi yabonakala eYurophu ngamathuba amasha, manje isibalo singakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elihlukile kuwo wonke ama-diagonal kanye nemigqa e-chessboard. Chaza indlovukazi ngencwadi ethi "F". "Q" yindlovukazi ohlelweni lwamazwe ngamazwe. Emazweni amaningi, indlovukazi ibizwa ngokuthi indlovukazi.

I-Rook nendlovu, ziyizohambo ezifanayo kanye nesiphathimandla

Isikebhe esikude esidlule senza imisebenzi yezinqola, sasimelwe njengamahhashi ahlanganisiwe. Kuthiwa inqola enjalo "iyawa". E-Arabhu, "al-roh" lisho "umbhoshongo." Ngakho ukubonakala kwesibalo. Ihamba emkhakheni nje kuphela noma ngokuqondile, itholakala emaphethelweni angaphezu kwe-chessboard . Chaza lesi sibalo eRussia ngenhlamvu enkulu ethi "L", naseYurophu - incwadi "R".

Igama lezicucu ze-chess azifani ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubonakala kwazo. Isibonelo, isibalo se-chess sezindlovu sasibheke njengezindlovu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi saqala ukuboniswa njengomuntu. Igoli: sinalo "C", phesheya "B". Indlovu ihamba kuphela ekugumbeni kombala wayo, umdlali uzoba nendlovu eyodwa ekudonseni okumhlophe, kanti eyesibili - emnyama.

Ihhashi ku-chess

Lesi sibalo sibheke ngempela njengehhashi. "Al-Faras" ngesi-Arabhu ngumuntu wehhashi. Uma lesi sibalo sinomgibeli, kodwa ekugcineni sisusiwe. I knight ingasuswa kuphela ngesimo sencwadi yaseRussia "G", okungukuthi, amangqamuzana amabili ngqo nomunye ohlangothini. Baqopha ihhashi le-Russian "K" ne-English "N". Lesi kuphela isibalo esingakwazi ukuhamba ngendlela eqondile bese uqaqa ngezibalo, eyakho kanye nomphikisi wakho.

Izinyawo zamasosha

I-pawn yilona kuphela isibalo esingabhaliwe nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi sinombalwa omkhulu enkundleni yokudlala. "I-Al-Bisex" ekuhunyushweni okuvela olimini lwesi-Arabhu - osana. Ukwenza ukuhamba, i-pawn ingathuthukisa isikwele esisodwa kuphela.

Amanani e-chess, izithombe zazo ezikhona kulesi sihloko, zizosiza ukwazi umhlaba othakazelisayo we-chess.