Umdlavuza gum: incazelo, izimbangela, izimpawu, futhi esigabeni oluthile lokwelashwa

Izimila ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ku ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, ke izinqubo ebulalayo. Kungenzeka hhayi kuphela izicubu zomzimba ezithambile, kodwa futhi sidlule umhlathi.

definition

Umdlavuza izinsini - ingenye izifo ezivame kakhulu ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. It libhekene ukuvela izinqubo yekhwalithi ephansi, okuyinto zitholakala nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Engozini okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi amadoda asebeqinile amadala, kanye labo esikhathini esidlule wahlushwa ezihlukahlukene nezifo zamazinyo.

Uma iyekwa ingelashwa, eziyingozi inqubo isifo iqala esakaza futhi sithinta izitho ngaphezulu nezicubu. Uma ngabe le nkinga ukusebenzisa ke esikhathini esizayo kuyoba metastases, okwathi ngemva kwalokho bebeletha iyakhula.

izizathu

Ukubukeka izimila ezinjalo kungabangela:

• khona izinyo carious;
• izinqubo ukuvuvukala;
• utshwala nogwayi ukusetshenziswa;
• abampofu inhlanzeko yomlomo
• umonakalo mechanical kuya amazinyo.

Libuye singangena kakhulu lesi sifo abantu abanombono ulimi abamhlaba. Njengoba yaziwa, lokhu umhlobiso ngokuvamile ibangela ukulimala kuya ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, ngemva kwalokho ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngenkuthalo yethulwa futhi basakaza, nokuthi kamuva kubanga umdlavuza izinsini.

esigabeni

Kunezigaba ezine lesi sifo:

1. Isimila ifinyelela Usayizi 1 cm futhi agcinwe ungqimba lwamafinyila.
2. Neoplasm ekhula 2 cm ububanzi futhi 1 cm ejulile futhi akusho eqele ngalé kwezicubu. On the lesion ohlangothini 1 samanje metastases.
3. Ukubekwa uphawu 3 cm. Roots kungaba futhi, noma sebeqala nje ukuhlangana engeyokuqala lymph nezindawo ekubhujisweni.
4. Metastases ku ebusweni ithambo umgodi e kogebhezi Umthambo carotid. Futhi bakwazi ukufinyelela izingxenye zomzimba ezifana isibindi namaphaphu. Kulesi sigaba kunzima ukwelapha umdlavuza izinsini.

Esigabeni sokuqala lesi sifo izenze wazizwa. Ithumba, okwandisa begodu bukhule kwezicubu, licindezele kwalapho, ibulala nokusebenza kwezitho kakhulu futhi kubangela ubuhlungu, okuyinto okunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela.

izimpawu

Lesi sifo ukuzibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngakho-ke kunzima ngempela ukuxilonga. Kodwa namanje usola ukuba khona izimila ezinjalo kanye may nesineke, uma eduze ukuqapha impilo yabo. Isibonakaliso oyinhloko khona umdlavuza ukuvuvukala izinsini, okuyinto njalo ziyanda. Zonke kuziwa yokuthi endaweni ethintekile kuba enkulu ngokwanele futhi iqala ukuba cindezela amazinyo eduze, elibangela ukungakhululeki esibi, lapho ngokuvamile ukuya kudokotela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphawu ivela umlomo, okuyinto isishintshe lesikhumba. Kaningi, kule ndawo lizungezwe izilonda ezincane noma imifantu. Ungase futhi bheka igazi, uma kuphela kancane uthinte lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona. Izinsini abe buhlungu. Ekuqaleni, lokujabulela zendawo, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi isiguli kunzima ukuvula umlomo.

Ngokubukeka, lokhu isimila lingachazwa ngokuthi ukwakheka entsha umbala obomvu kanye izikhungo ezimhlophe, okuyinto zitholakala ku izicubu ngomlomo. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile kudidaniswe leykoplaksiey, eritroplaksiey, izilonda noma gingivitis, kodwa ngokuvumelana nezici ezithile (phezu-sasigcwala izilonda ebusweni kanye nokuchichima kokuthula imithambo yegazi) ingaqinisekisa ukuthi kwaba umdlavuza izinsini. Izimpawu ezachazwa ngenhla, zahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi zingase ukudida ngisho scrupulous iningi nesineke, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba anake yena futhi alandele izivivinyo njalo odokotela.

ukuhlola

Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kudingeka nokuba ngokuzimela ukuqapha mucosa, futhi uma ukuthola izenzakalo osolisayo ngokushesha avele art.

Uma odokotela usola ukuthi unesimila, ezincomayo:

• vakashela oncologist;
• ibhekane luhlolo cytological, okuyinto eyenziwa yokusesha lamaseli atypical;
• a biopsy ukucacisa uhlobo isifo;
• ukuqhuba-X ray, okuyinto ukufakazela noma ukungawufakazeli khona metastases ku mandible.

umdlavuza Gum kunzima ukuqaphela, ngakho izifundo ngenhla kuyosiza kule, kanye nokwelashwa ngokushesha ngokwengeziwe, okuyinto inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe endaweni enjalo.

Ubani iyagula avame?

Le nkinga okuthinta ngayo labo ababusebenzisa kabi utshwala kanye has ezingamahlalakhona nezinkinga izinsini noma amazinyo. Futhi ongemuhle ngu elingalungile noma kungekho ukunakekelwa yokuhlanzeka, ukungabi amazinyo noma kabi wenza amazinyo okufakelwa, mucosa esibuhlungu. umdlavuza Gum ngokuvamile kakhulu ekhona ababhemayo, abathandi ukuhlafuna amahlamvu betel nalabo nge izilonda kule ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Le nkinga ungathola abantu abane Papillomavirus futhi herpes, kanye abathandi ukudla okushisayo futhi okubabayo kakhulu.

ukuma

Lesi sifo kungaba avele lwamafinyila amafomu ezintathu:

• kuphakama umdlavuza esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe njengoba amanxeba ezithinta imiphetho jagged futhi opha uma nabo isixubho noma lapho sicindezelwe.
• Papillary - lwezimpawu kuvele njengamadiski uhlevane.
• Infiltrative - inqubo lingena, alinayo imingcele engokoqobo, kukhona ubuhlungu eqinile ngisho uphumule.

Ngayinye yalezi amafomu kuyingozi, ngoba inkinga usevele ekhona, futhi kungcono kakhulu ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisa usizo lwezokwelapha esigabeni sokuqala.

ukwelashwa

Umdlavuza izinsini, ukwelapha okuyinto okunzima, siqedwa ngezigaba ezintathu:

• ukuhlinzwa;
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe;
• ngelashwa nangemithi.

Phakathi ukuhlinzwa, odokotela usike isimila nesineke nezicubu ezithambile ezisizungezile (lwamafinyila, imisipha futhi imithambo yegazi). Indaba isuswe ithunyelwa ukuhlolwa laboratory. Abakwazi ukukhombisa indlela intuthuko kakhulu futhi kude kangakanani lesi sifo ubephumile. Uma isimila uye chithi emhlathini, odokotela abahlinzayo ukususa unxantathu submandibular.

ukwelashwa ngemisebe ungentiwa phambi ukusebenza futhi ngemva kwaso. Ngo samuntu lokuqala, kokubili zingena ngaphansi ngemisebe zezicubu ezizungezile futhi isimila, futhi okwesibili - esifundeni lapho isimila sase sikhule saba. Isikhathi esining impela, inqubo enjalo ezinqunyiwe njengoba izifo uphinda ukukhalima, ngoba namandla okuqeda. '

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokushiswa ngokuvamile inikezwa kulabo iziguli gum ukususwa umdlavuza akunakwenzeka, ngoba kukhona Izimo ukuhlinzwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, esetshenziselwa izithasiselo radiotherapy ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

Ngalesi sikhathi udokotela ebekiwe ukwelashwa amalungiselelo (imijovo noma amaphilisi) okuyizinto kahle zinqanda ukukhula amaseli ezimbi futhi sibabulale nengxenye encane kuwo. Lezi zihlanganisa imithi:
-platinum;

• anthracyclines;
• epipodophyllotoxins;
• vinca alkaloids.

Ngesikhathi ukudlula ukwelashwa udokotela elibekelwe iziguli imithi elwa namagciwane, njengoba ngaphansi kwethonya amaphilisi anamandla kangaka encishisiwe amasosha omzimba, okuvulela ukufinyelela amagciwane amaningi kanye nezifo. Ukuze asekele umzimba on uqaphile, ebekiwe inkambo ewusizo izakhi trace kanye amavithamini. Kuleli qophelo, kutuswa unake ikakhulu ukudla kwazo futhi badle ukudla okunempilo ezingasiza ekulweni nesifo kuphela.

izindlela Classical yokwelashwa Kunconywa ukuhlanganisa imithi yolunye uhlobo. ukubhucungwa abahlukahlukene, ukutshopa, futhi ukulibopha futhi uhlambulule esekelwe amakhambi okwelapha ngcono kakhulu impilo yomlomo kanye nokuqinisa umzimba wonke.

Njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, umdlavuza gum kungase kwenzeke. Ukuze ugweme ngiwela ogibeni lwezidakamizwa, isiguli kufanele ihlolwe futhi ngegazi ngoba isimila nakomaka e izinyanga 5 emva kokwelashwa, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho. It kuxhomeke ezingeni esiphakamisa lesi sifo.

zokuvimbela

Ukuze unciphise nesenzakalo bezikhali iphesenti isimila, kubalulekile ukuba enze inqubo elula efana:

• ngokucophelela nokunakekela kahle ngomlomo;
• Ziqaphele inqubo nokudla, kanye nokubunjwa imikhiqizo kanye nezici zabo;
• ukuqeda imikhuba emibi futhi umsebenzi nge intuthu eyingozi;
• athobele izincomo wezokwelapha ekwelapheni izinkinga kwamazinyo;
• usebenzisa izinga emuthini wokuxubha abese mouthwash.

Kumelwe uhambele 2 izikhathi ngonyaka, udokotela ngubani uzokwazi ukuhlola isimo ngomlomo bese uphakamisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze ulondoloze impilo evamile.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Ithuba ngenjongo yokwelapha izifo kuncike esigabeni lapho lesi sifo. Ngisho noma izimpawu umdlavuza gum atholakele ekuqaleni, akuzona zonke iziguli ziphathwa ngokushesha usizo lwezokwelapha, futhi kuba iphutha zabo eziyinhloko. Lesi sifo zingase zibe yinkimbinkimbi iqiniso lokuthi zonke ukungakhululeki ngokuvamile kulotshiwe off njengoba imiphumela zezinkinga kwamazinyo. Ngemva kokukhishwa ndima uvuliwe futhi kungenzeka kahle ungenwe, esheshisa ukusabalala umdlavuza.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, izinga lokufa sincane kakhulu. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu 5-6 ukuze usinde:

• 1-2 izinyathelo 80%;
• 3 - 40%;
• 4 - 15%.

Uma ngokuphumelelayo ukuhlela ukwelashwa, kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ukuthethelelwa e angaphezu kuka-30% of amacala.