Wolf Erlich: biography, isithombe. Wolf Erlich no-Yesenin

Ukuqala kwenkathi yamaSoviet ezweni lakithi kwaphawulwa ukuvela kwemisebenzi eminingi yezincwadi, eyabhalwa emlobeni wabalobi abawaziwa futhi abasaziwa kakhulu. Elinye lalawo matalenta kwakuyizimbongi zaseSoviet uWolf Ehrlich, mayelana nomsebenzi wethu esizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe.

Kubafundi banamuhla leli gama alingaziwa, kodwa abantu abaphila ngesikhathi bekwazi amagama abhekiswe kulo mbongi.

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Sizozama ukuphendula lo mbuzo.

Ubuntwana nentsha yombongi

U-Wolf Erlich wazalelwa eSimbirsk ngo-1902. Uyise wayengumakhemikhali, unina unkosikazi wendlu. Igama lembongi libuyela emuva ngesiHebheru futhi lisho ukuthi "owesaba uNkulunkulu".

Isimbongi esizayo njengendodana yomndeni wamaJuda kwaba nzima kakhulu ukufakazela ilungelo lakhe lokuthola imfundo ephakeme. Umfana ovela ebuntwaneni waphupha ngenkazimulo yezemisebenzi nokubhala. Waqeda ngokucophelela esikoleni esiphakeme, wabhalisa eNyunivesithi yaseKazzan, kodwa wahluleka ukuthola idiploma yalesi sikhungo esihloniphekile: iMpi Yomphakathi yaqala, eyashintsha ngokungazelelwe impilo yentsha yesifundazwe.

U-Wolf Erlich wangena e-Red Army, kodwa kwakungadingeki alwe njengesosha elilula. Ebonisa imfundo yakhe, wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba unobhala we-laboratory yezemfundo yoMnyango wezemfundo.

Ngemuva kwempi, wathuthela ku-Petrograd ngaleso sikhathi, wazimisela ukuqhubela phambili izifundo zakhe, wangena eMnyangweni WezobuLwazi Nezobuciko e-Petrograd University, kodwa waxoshwa ekuthuthukiseni okuncane.

Kule minyaka efanayo, imbongi encane yawela embuthanweni wezithombe ze-Imagists, ifuna ukuzibeka ensimini.

Impumelelo yezincwadi

Kusukela ngo-1926 u-Wolf Erlich uqala ukushicilela umsebenzi wakhe emaphephandabeni, ngamunye ukhulula izingqobe zezinkondlo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izincwadi ezinesihloko esithi "Esigodini", "i-Arsenal", "i-Wolf's Sun" nabanye.

Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva (ngo-1929), wanyathelisa inkondlo yakhe eyanikezelwa uSophia Perovskaya, owayengumholi wezombusazwe, owahlela ukubulawa kukaMbusi Alexander. Izinkondlo zakhe zishicilelwa kumagazini abathandwayo abhaliwe besikhathi, njenge "Red Night", "Star", "Literary Contemporary".

Wolf Erlich uba yilungu lombutho osanda kuhlelwa wabalobi. Kakade ekupheleni kwama-20-ies uyakuthanda izinguqulo, uhumusha okuningi ngolimi lwesi-Armenia.

Iminyaka ekhulile

Imisebenzi yombhalo u-Erlich uhlanganisa nomsebenzi onzima ukuze kuzuze i-Party Bolshevik.

Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-1925 uye wafihla okuthunyelwe kwakhe ngokuthi "Cheka". Lona kwakuyiposi lesisebenzi esinomthwalo wemfanelo eLeningrad Soviet.

Kamuva u-Erlich usebenza njengomhleli wamamagazini amaningana wokubhala, esebenza kuma-screenplays.

Ukuphila kwakhe kuphela ngokudabukisayo. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokucindezelwa uStalin ayekuphishekela njalo phakathi kwamaBolshevik endala. Ngo-1937, imbongi eyaboshwa, yagwetshwa isigwebo esiphezulu senombolo 58 sokudubula, lesi sigwebo senziwa ngonyaka ofanayo.

Uthando lwase-Armenia

Izinkondlo eziningi ezibhaliwe ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, uWolf Erlich, i-biography yakhe yembula imithombo yokuphefumulelwa kwakhe kokudala. Futhi i-Armenia yaba enye yazo.

U-Ehrlich wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala kuleli zwe kanye noN. Tikhonov ngawo-1920. Wathandana nobuhle balezi zindawo. Umlobi wabhala kamuva ezincwadini zakhe ukuthi wayengakaze abone okungcono.

Isimbongi sakha lonke uchungechunge lwezinkondlo mayelana ne-Armenia, okwakube sekufakwe kwiqoqo lakhe elithi "Alagazian Stories", "i-Armenia" nabanye.

Kuzo zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe, imbongi yalwela ukuza kulezi zifunda. Lapha waboshwa. Abangane bakholelwa ukuthi waboshwa ngengozi. Ngalolo suku wavakashela umndeni owodwa wase-Armenian, umkhosi waqhubeka kwaze kwahlwa, futhi ebusuku kwafika abaphathi be-NKVD. Kanye nabo bonke, u-Erlich naye waboshwa. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, akukho lutho olwakwaziwa ngekusasa lakhe. Kuphela ngo-1956, izihlobo zakhe zathola isiphetho mayelana nokuvuselelwa kwakhe kokuthunjwa.

Ubuhlobo no S. Yesenin

U-Wolf Erlich no-Yesenin babengabangane, babelane ngesiphetho esijwayelekile emisebenzini ye "oda" ye-Imagists, izithakazelo ezivamile kanye nokubukwa kwezincwadi. U-Ehrlich wayevame ukusekela umngane wakhe onethalente, ebhekene nezinkinga zokushicilela imisebenzi yakhe, nokuhlwaya izinkondlo ezihlangene.

Efika ngo-December 1925 eLeningrad, u-Esenin wayefuna ukumisa e-Ehrlich, kodwa washintsha umqondo wakhe wangena ehotela elidumile phakathi nendawo yedolobha. U-Erlich, wanikeza inkondlo yakhe yokuhlehlisa "Hamba kahle, mngane wami," acela ukuba afunde ekhaya.

U-Ehrlich wahambisana nesicelo, kodwa lapho efunda inkondlo ekhaya, wabona ukuthi imigqa yakhe ibhalwe egazini. Wagijima wabuyela ehhotela, kodwa u-Yesenin wayesele esefile.

Ngemva kokuthola isidumbu sikaSergei Esenin ehhotela, u-Erlich wasiza enhlanganweni yomngcwabo. Wabuye wakhuluma enkantolo, lapho ekhuluma khona ekusekeleni inguqulo yokuzibulala, ethula umbhalo we-inkondlo ka-Yesenin wokugcina.

Abanye abahlaziyi bendabuko abahlola ngokungafani indima ka-Ehrlich ekufeni nasekufeni kuka-Yesenin. Abanye bamangalela ngokuba yi-agent ye-GPU, ngakho ubuhlobo bakhe nomlobi omkhulu akuyona ubungane, kodwa ukubhekwa kwe-banal. Kunzima ukuphendula noma yini kulaba bantu emva kweminyaka eminingi kusukela ekufeni kuka-Yesenin, no-Ehrlich ngokwakhe. Impendulo kuphela yimizila ka-Yesenin, lapho ekhuluma no-Erlich njengomngane oseduze.

Incazelo yendlela yokudala yombongi

Abaningi besikhathi sakhe bakhumbula uWolf Erlich. Isithombe sakhe, esenziwe ngo-1928, sinika kuye umuntu othobekile owazi ukubaluleka kwezwi lakhe.

Abantu besikhathi sakhe bakholelwa ukuthi ukufa okudabukisayo kukaWolff kunciphisa impilo yakhe nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nempumelelo yombhalo wesikhathi esizayo. I-talent ka-Ehrlich isengabonakaliswa ngokugcwele, imbongi yayigcwele amandla okudala nethemba, kepha ayikwazanga, yabelane ngesiphetho esibuhlungu esiyingxenye yabantu besizukulwane sakhe abadlula phakathi kwe-crucible yempi yombango, ogcwele ukholo ekukhuleni komphakathi wezenhlalakahle wokuchuma, okwenza amaphutha Insimu yokwakhiwa kombuso omusha, kodwa ubhekene neqiniso eliseduze nelesabekayo eliholela ekufeni kwabo.