Amakhowe omhlophe: izinhlobo, izindawo zokukhula

Amakhowe aqoqwe isikhathi eside. Ngisho nasezinsukwini zakudala zaseRussia ehlobo-ekwindla, yonke imindeni yafika ehlathini ukulungiselela lezi zipho ebusika bonke. Ama-gruzes, redheads, ama-chanterelles, futhi-ke, amakhowe amhlophe, okuvame ukukhulunywa ngawo ezenzweni zaseRussia, amazwi, inganekwane.

Amakhowe amhlophe , okuhlukahlukene okususelwa lapho akhula khona, asetshenziselwa ukudla nganoma yiluphi uhlobo: othosiwe, ophekiwe, obilisiwe. Kungenziwa omisiwe, olwandle, olusemathinini. Izindawo eziningi eziwusizo zigcinwa. Isibonelo, umhluzi we-mushroom uwusizo kakhulu kunenyama, futhi amakhowe amhlophe omisiwe aphezulu kabili kunamaqanda ezinkukhu. Izinto ezitholakala emangcwabeni ezimhlophe zinempahla ye-tonic ne-antitumor. Ukukhishwa kwakhe kwakusetshenziselwa ukuphatha ama-frostbite.

Amakhowe amhlophe akhula cishe noma yiliphi izwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia ne-Antarctica. Ziyakhula kulo lonke ihlobo kuze kube sekwindla, kodwa hhayi njalo, kodwa ngamagagasi ancike ezimweni zendawo nezesimo sezulu. Umvuthwandaba wokuqala uvame ukuphela ekupheleni kukaJuni nasekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Isitshalo esikhiqizayo kakhulu siwela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti nasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ingxube yesithathu ixhomeke esimweni esingenakulinganiswa sezulu ekwindla futhi angeke ifike. Amakhowe amhlophe, ahlukahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo, akhula ngokushesha. Isikhathi esivela ekuthuthukiseni umbungu kuya ku-fungus evuthiwe, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe isonto. Futhi ziyakhula, njengokungumthetho, imindeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola kuleli hlathi lalo muntu omuhle, kubalulekile ukubuka nxazonke ezinhlangothini: cishe ngeke kube khona okunye eduze.

Bakhetha ukuhlala e-birch noma emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. Ku-mushroom omhlophe, umbala we-cap ungase uhluke kakhulu: obunzima, obuncane obuncane, obunesihlabathi. Ngomswakama okweqile, kungaba umcibisholo omncane. Umlenze ukhululekile, u-ovoid ubujamo, ukhula ngokulingana nobudala, uhlale ubuthwe ngezansi. Inyama imhlophe ngombala, kodwa ingase iphele kancane ekunqunyeni. Ngemuva kokumiswa, i-blue tint iyanyamalala, futhi i-fungus ibuye ibe mhlophe.

Usosayensi owaziwayo waseSoviet uBP Vasilkov, owafunda amakhowe futhi ungumlobi wemisebenzi eminingi yesayense, wachaza izinhlobo ezingu-18 zezimhlophe ngokuya ngenkathi, isimo sezulu kanye nezinye izimo zangaphandle. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-fungus emhlophe, enezinhlobo zazo ezinamafomu ahlukahlukene, kungokwezilwane ezifanayo - iBoletus edulis. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abathile abaqhuba izifundo ezifanayo bakholelwa ukuthi 4 kubo yizinhlobo ezizimele.

Izinhlobo zama-ceps

Emahlathini ethu kaningi ungathola ama-subspecies alandelayo:

• Ubhedu obumnyama. Unesikhwama esimnyama esibomvu sezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-shades (brown, ugwayi, umnyama omnyama, ne-tinge eluhlaza). Ukhetha ukuhlala endaweni efudumele: i-beech, i-hornbeam noma amahlathi e-oak asezindaweni eziseningizimu noma esentshonalanga.
• Isikhwama. Isigqoko ngokuvamile si-shades elula (utshani-umqubu, ukhilimu) onamaqabunga amancane kanye nezikali phakathi nendawo. Umbhede we-tubula uphuzi. Umlenze ufushane, u-cylindrical shape, nge-mesh ecacile ebonakala kuso. Ngokuvame ukuhlangana nabo ezintabeni ze-oak noma e-hornbeam.
• I-Oak (umuthi oki). Leli amakhowe enekhanda elibomvu elivuthiwe ngezinye izikhathi liphathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
• Birch. Isigqoko sibomvu phezulu, kodwa futhi sibuyele (cishe simsundu). Umlenze unomdlandla, ugcizelele, ngephrofayili elixubile. Ubuso obushubile obuphuzi.
• U-spruce. Isigqoko sinobundu, ngesimo esibukhali. Ubuso obushubile be-shades obuphuzi. I-white white inyama yalesi sikhunta, enomunandi omnandi, ayishintshi umbala uma inqunywe.
• I-Pine. Unesikhwama esikhulu esibomvu (inhlanganisela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inokwenzeka) nenyama enombala obomvu.

Qaphela! Ubuthi!

Amakhowe amhlophe, ahlukahlukeneyo awaziwa kakhulu kubaqashi be-mushroom abasaziwayo, namanje unezinselele ezimbili eziyingozi. Leli fungus le-bile (gorchak noma elibabayo).

Ekubukeni, lawa amakhowe amhlophe ajwayelekile. Izithombe ze-bile enobuthi nokumhlophe okudliwayo cishe akufani. Kodwa umehluko usukhona lapho:

• Umbhede we-tubular we- bile fungus une-tinge encane nje;
• I-fungus ye-bile ivame ukukhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma kwi-stumps;
• Inyawo le-gorchak limbozwe iphethini elimnyama;
• It has pores;
• Unomusa obabayo obunzima, okulula ukuzizwa ngokuwuthinta kalula ngolimi lwakho.

Naphezu kokuthi le fungus iyingozi, iqukethe izinto zokwelapha. Ku-folk imithi gorchak kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuye kwasetshenziswa njenge-agent ye-choleretic, yingakho ibizwa igama layo.