Imisebenzi kaF. Tyutchev. Ukuhlaziywa: "Akusikho ukuthi uguqula, imvelo ..."

UFedor Ivanovich ungomunye wezimbongi ezidume kakhulu ezincwadini zesiRashiya, igama lakhe lihlobene eduze namazwi ezombusazwe nezamafilosofi kanye nama-whirlpools abalulekile.

UFyodor Tyutchev ungumcabangi

Kulo, umcabango wayeqagela. Wayekhunjulwa, naphezu kokushiya ngemuva: izinhlamvu eziningana, izinkondlo ezihunyushwe futhi zangempela, hhayi zonke eziphumelelayo. Kodwa phakathi kwezinye izinto kukhona amaphuzu okucabangela, ukubonwa okujulile nokucabangelayo, izinkulumo ezingenakufa, ukulandelana kwengqondo enhle nokukhuthazwa. Yonke impilo yakhe wabhala izinkondlo ukuze azithole, aqonde kangcono izwe lakhe langaphakathi, ukuze umfundi wakhe futhi abe ngufakazi womsebenzi ongokomoya we-imbongi owaziyo. UFedor Tyutchev wabhala, ezwa isidingo sokuziveza. Uzwela kakhulu emvelweni. Ukungahambi kahle kwakhe ekuphatheni izithombe zezakhi kuyisipho esingabonwa ngeso lengqondo. Kuyinto ejabulisayo ukubuka izinkondlo zombongi, bayathandeka ukutadisha, ukuxuba - izithombe zinezincazelo eziningi eziyimfihlo, yingakho ukuhlaziywa kwabo kuyamangalisa kakhulu. "Akusikho ukuthi ucabanga, imvelo ..." - inkondlo eyabhalwa iTyutchev ngo-1836, ubhebhe ngokwalo ukucabanga okubalulekile kwendlovu. Kodwa yiyiphi? Lokhu sizozama ukuthola.

Ubuhlakani bokucabanga buguqula

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlaziywa kwevesi likaTyutchev, umuntu kufanele azi kahle izenzakalo ezithonya ukubonakala kwakhe futhi wakhonza njengesibongozo sombongi. Ngokuyinhloko konke okufanako okucabanga kwakhe kunayo ifilosofi yemvelo kaFriedrich Schelling, umcabangi waseJalimane. Ukuxhumana okubumbene phakathi kwabo kwalandelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, isithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe sazalwa ngisho nakulezo zikhathi lapho imbongi eyayijoyina iSlavophiles eyayizohlala khona, eyabelana nge-aesthetics kanye ne-metaphysics yothando yama-German, ikakhulukazi iSylling. U-Tyutchev wayengeyena obala, akabolekanga imibono ngokwayo, kuphela wakhathalela isitatimende sobudlelwane phakathi kwendoda nemvelo, indoda nendawo yonke, ngokomoya ongokwenyama kanye nomqondo womphefumulo wezwe. Umlobi waseRussia wayengomunye wabalandeli abaqotho kakhulu emibono yesiJalimane futhi isikhathi eside esilandelwe emibono yeSylling. Futhi le nkondlo FI Tyutchev - umbhikisho ngokumelene nenhlawulo uHeine, owashicilela eFrance futhi wagxekwa isikhundla sikaFrederick, uHoffmann noNovalis kanye nefilosofi yabo yemvelo.

Indima yokusakazwa kwenkondlo

Uma unaka, ke inkondlo yonke yakhiwe njengesikhalazo kumfundi - yilapho ukuhlaziywa kuqala khona. "Akusikho ukuthi wena wriggle, nature ..." isigijimi umlayezo kithi. Uma lesi simo sisezingeni lomhlaba, zonke izincwadi zingabizwa ngokuthi ingxoxo phakathi komdali nomfundi wakhe. Uma kwezinye izinto lokhu kungabonakali, lapha uFedor Tyutchev ebuza imibuzo, enikeza ukuthola izimpendulo kubo futhi acabange ngemibono engase ibonakale iphakade. Ukuguqulwa kusenza sibe nomuzwa wokuthi kukhona umbongi, njengokungathi uyisidlali sethu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo evumela ukuba ahlale ekhaya, ubheke ngokujulile ezweni lakhe langaphakathi bese ecabanga ngesihloko esihlongozwayo. Asiboni isifundo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa i-heroic lyrical, lapho izici zikaTyutchev zikhona khona, ngoba yena ngokwakhe wayefana nale ndlela yokucabanga. Ngenxa yesibheno, umfundi we-hero-lyric ukwakha inkhulumomphendvulwano, okwenza inkondlo ifinyeleleke kalula, iyayiphakamisa.

Ottochia kanye nencazelo eyinhloko

Ukuhlaziywa kwevesi likaTyutchev ngeke kuphelele, uma singanaki ukubonakala kwamehlo abukhali. Bashintshwa ama-stanzas, kodwa babanjwa ngokucwaninga ngezizathu ezithile. Ngemuva kwenqubo enjalo, ngokuvamile ilahlekile futhi ayitholakali. Ngakho kwenzeke ngale nkondlo. Nokho, naphezu kokuba ezinye izingcezu zingekho, inkondlo ayizange ilahlekelwe incazelo yayo. Umqondo wakhe oyinhloko ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu nemvelo. Ukubaluleka kokukwazi komuntu ukuzizwa kugcizelelwe, ngoba uma umuntu engumuntu oyisithulu, akahlali neze. Uma abantu abanjalo bengenalo umuzwa, akekho umuntu, ngakho-ke yi-Tyutchev kubalulekile futhi "yizwi lomama uqobo". Kungenxa yezithombe zemvelo umlobi oveza imizwelo eyimfihlakalo, ebuza imibuzo eyimvusa, futhi efuna izimpendulo ngento ethile. I-Tyutchev ayiboni nje kuphela imvelo, iyayihlonipha, iyamxosha ekubukisweni kwefilosofi, kuyo imbongi ibona umzimba ophilayo nemizwa yakhe, ngomphefumulo wakhe nokuphila, okungekho imithetho yakhe engakwazi ukuqonda ngaso sonke isikhathi umuntu.

Isithombe semvelo kumazwi kaTyutchev's

Imvelo - enye yezinhlamvu eziyinhloko ezinkondlweni zikaTyutchev. Futhi uvame ukuba khona njengengemuva yokuzindla, kodwa njengomdlali wezinkondlo, unombono, ukhuluma, ucabanga, uzizwa. Konke okukuyo kubonakala sengathi uFeodor Ivanovich ugcwele incazelo ekhethekile, azimisele ukuyiletha kumuntu. Kodwa umuntu akahlali ezwa imvelo njalo. Ukuqonda lokho akushoyo, akufanele alalele ngezindlebe zakhe, kodwa ngenhliziyo, evumela konke ngomphefumulo wakhe. Ukuhlaziywa kwezingqungquthela ("Akukhona ukuthi wena wriggle, nature ...") ayikwazi ukwakhelwa ngaphandle kokubhekisela kulo mfanekiso, odlala indima ebalulekile lapha. Ukufaniswa kwemvelo kwenza kube yinto efana nokuphila okuphilayo okukhulu, okuyilowo nalowo kithi ohlangene naye, kodwa wonke umuntu angakhuluma naye ngolimi olulodwa, lokhu kudinga imfundo efanelekayo engokomoya, ukuthobeka kwenhliziyo nomphefumulo. Imvelo ihlukile: iyakwazi ukuba namandla, ingozi, ingazi ukuyekethisa, noma ingase ibe njengomntwana omuhle futhi okhanyayo.

Amavesi alula iTyutchev: iyini imfihlo?

Ngemuva kwezinkondlo ezithile, kunesidingo esingavamile, uhlobo oluthile lwesisindo, lapho imicabango iqala ukungena ngokungajabulisi ekhanda. Kodwa emva kwamazwi kaTyutchev, lokhu akubonwa - kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokungazitholi kalula kulo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngemva kokuba umuntu engenazizindla, ukuhlaziywa okukodwa kanye nokukodwa kwembongo ("Akukhona ukuthi uguqula, imvelo ...") sekuyisiqinisekiso salokhu, ngoba lokhu kuyindlela yokucabangela, ukucabanga, nokucwaninga kokuqamba kwembongo. Nje uFeodor Tyutchev usikisela ukuba sicabange ngazo zonke izithombe eziqondakalayo ezingadingi ukulungiselela, zicacile kakhulu futhi zilula, njengabo bonke abahlakaniphile. Imvelo iyimfihlakalo futhi into esisizungezile kusukela ekuzalweni kwethu, yini engasondelana nathi? Ukusondelana okungokomoya komuntu kanye nemvelo kuyisihluthulelo imbongi eyasebenza ngokuhlakanipha. Isihloko salolu buhlobo sijwayele ngamunye wethu, sakhiwe emizweni nasemizwelweni, hhayi ezintweni ezithile zesayensi futhi ezinzima ukufinyelela. Ukuhlaziywa okusha okusha kwevesi likaTyutchev kusisondeza esimweni imbongi eyayikuthanda kakhulu, ehlonishwayo nangokomoya.