Isifinyezo se-Odyssey ka-Homer. I-Odyssey ingenye yezibonelo ezinhle zezincwadi zasendulo

Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Summary of the Odyssey Homer 0 Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe 0 Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Uma ku-Iliad Homer igxila konke okwenzeka eTroy nasezindaweni ezizungezile, khona-ke e-Odyssey indawo yokusebenza ishukumisayo. Umfundi, kanye nabalingiswa, badluliselwa esuka eTroy baya eGibithe, khona-ke eNyakatho Afrika nasePeponponnese, ese-Ithaca nasogwini olusentshonalanga olwandle lwaseMedithera.

Ukuphila kwamaqhawe emva kokuthunjwa kukaTroy

Isakhiwo siqala iminyaka eyishumi emva kokunqoba kwamaGreki eHarrior War. Onkulunkulu abathukuthele abazange bavumele i-Odysseus ukuba ibuyele emuva ingavinjelwe ezindaweni zayo zendawo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Esikhathini esithile i-hero ihlala esiqhingini esivela entshonalanga ye-violet ne-marine nymph Calypso. Sekuyisikhathi eside, umkhulumeli waphakade we-Odyssey Athena uzama ukuthola imvume evela kuZeus ukuze ahlenge le ndoda, futhi ekugcineni, uyaphumelela. I-Athena ekubukeni komunye umuntu ku-Ithaca, lapho uPenelope nendodana yakhe okuthiwa i-Telemachus bavinjelwe yiziphathimandla nxazonke. Abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu bakhuthaza indlovukazi ukuba ikhethe enye yabo kubayeni babo, ebhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi u-Odysseus washona. Nokho, uPenelope uyaqhubeka ethemba ukubuyela komyeni wakhe. U-Athena ukhuluma neTelemachus futhi uyamxusa ukuba ahambe emgwaqweni ukuze afunde ulwazi mayelana nesiphetho sikayise. Cishe ngokushesha iTemmachus iya emgwaqeni wePylosponnese, ngasemaphethelweni asentshonalanga yePeponponnese, edolobheni laseNestor.

Ukuqala kokuhamba phambili kwe-Telemachus

U-Nestor unikeza i-Telemachus ukwamukelwa okufudumele. Uvumela le nsizwa ukuba ilale ebusuku esigodlweni sayo, futhi kusihlwa ubatshela ukuthi yiziphi izinselelo abanye abaholi bamaGreki ababhekana nazo endleleni evela eTroy. Ngemibala yokuqala yelanga iTelemach iya enqoleni eya eSparta, lapho uMeneus no-Elena baphinde bahlala othandweni nokuvumelana. Echaza okuncane okushiwo yi-"Odyssey" kaHomer, kubalulekile ukuthi sikhulume ukuthi bahlela idili elidumile ngokuhlonipha iThemmachus, futhi batjela indaba edumile ngehhashi lezinkuni, okwakhiwa amaGreki okwakutshela u-Odysseus. Kodwa-ke, abakwazi ukusiza insizwa ngokufuna ubaba.

Ukukhululwa okulinde isikhathi eside kwe-Odysseus

Ngesikhathi esifanayo e-Ithaca, amakoti kaPenelope anqume ukwenza iTelmachus amqamekele ambulale. I-Athene iphinda iqale ukukhuluma ngokukhululwa kwe-Odysseus. UHermes, isithunywa sabonkulunkulu, ekugqugquzelweni kukaZeus, uya eCalypso ngesidingo sokuthi uvumele ukuhamba kuleli qhawe. Ngokushesha u-Odysseus uqala ukwakha i-raft, bese uhamba ngomkhumbi waya eceleni kwe-Ithaca. Kodwa umbusi wezilwandle uPoseidon usamthukuthelele ngoba leli qhawe lalahla umbono weCyclops Polyphemus, indodana kaNkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke iPoseidon ithumela isivunguvungu esingenabuhlungu ku-Odysseus, i-raft ye hero ibhidlika, futhi kuphela ngosizo lwe-Athena uyakwazi ukufinyelela ogwini.

Indlela ka-Odysseus eya endlini yayingeyona elula

Okulandelayo, isifinyeto esifushane se-Homer sika-Odyssey sisitshela ngezenzakalo zekusasa olulandelayo. Iqhawe livusa umsindo wezwi lika-girlish. Lona indodakazi yenkosi yeSuria ogama lakhe linguNavitaya kanye nezinceku zakhe ezithembekile. U-Odysseus ucela uNawsikai usizo, futhi usekela leli hero-uyamnika ukudla nezingubo, futhi ngokufanayo ukhuluma ngaye ngokwakhe nabazali bakhe basebukhosini. Ukukhonza uNevsikaya ofanayo uthi lo nguye umuntu ofuna ukumbona njengomkakhe. INdlovukazi iyala i-Odysseus enhloko-dolobha, lapho oshiya khona ehlonipha isigodlo esihle kakhulu nensimu emangalisayo yenkosi yama-phoenicians. Ehholo elikhulu uhlangatshezwa yiTsar Alkina nomkakhe u-Aretha - banikeza i hero ukuba yamukele ngomusa futhi ilalele isicelo sakhe sokumsiza ukuba abuyele ezweni lakubo.

Ngakusasa enhloko-dolobha yama-phoenician baqala idili elikhulu. Umculi onethalente uDemokok ukhuluma ngezinkondlo eziningi ezindala mayelana nonkulunkulu namaqhawe. U-Alkina ucela u-Odysseus ukuthi atshele abantu izidalwa ngaye kanye nezimo ezenzeke kuye. Indaba enhle kakhulu, ye-Odysseus ihlala kuze kube sebusuku, futhi ama-fairies alalela ngenjabulo. Abantu abahle kakhulu banikela isivakashi sabo ngokukhululekile, bese bemnika umkhumbi wemikhumbi bese bethumela u-Odysseus ekhaya. I hero ngokwakhe ugoba ngalesi sikhathi elele ubuthongo obunzima. Evuka, ubona ukuthi uzitholile e-Ithaca, lapho engekho eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ubudala.

Buyela e-Ithaca nomhlangano nendodana yami

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Athena iphinda ingene okuqukethwe okufushane kaHomer's Odyssey. Sekuyisikhathi eside elinde leli hero futhi ngokushesha uxwayisa ukuthi esigodlweni usesengozini. Ethukuthele futhi ekhathele ukulinda, amakoti asekulungele ngisho nokubulala inkosi, uma evela obala endlini yakhe. Ngakho-ke, i-Athena iguqulela i-Odysseus ibe isiceli, futhi ithunyelwa ukuthola i-Telemachus ejikeleza ezweni laseGreece. I-Odysseus ngalesi sikhathi iyayeka ku-swineherd ogama lakhe lingu-Eumei. Nakuba engamqapheli inkosi yakhe, wamphatha kahle futhi ngomusa. I-Telemachus ibuya futhi u-Athena usiza le nsizwa ukuthi ikwazi uyise.

UHomer ukhuluma ngani? "I-Odyssey," okuqukethwe esikufundayo, iyaqhubeka. Ngemuva komhlangano ojabulisayo phakathi kukababa nendodana, bobabili bahlela uhlelo lokuthi bangalimaza kanjani abaphathi bePenelope. I-Telemachus iya eceleni kwesigodlo, no-Odysseus, ngaphandle kokushintsha ubuso kuze kube manje, ushiya lapho ngemva kwesikhashana. Abanye abamakoti kanye nezinceku bayamhlonipha, futhi umculi wezobuchwepheshe u-Ir ngisho nezinselele zika-Odysseus kuya kwi-duel. I-Odyssey iyakwazi ukukhuluma noPenelope bese ingena ngayo ngephutha lakhe. Kodwa-ke, ukukhipha u-Eureka, nanny wakhe omdala, akaphumelelanga: lo wesifazane uyayibona umfundi ngokuchokoza endala emlenzeni wakhe. U-Odysseus ukhuthaza u-Eureka ukuba agcine imfihlo yokubuya kwakhe. U-Penelope, ongaqapheli ukuthi ngubani omi phambi kwakhe, utshela u-Odysseus mayelana nokuphupha okungaqondakali akuphupha kulobubusuku, futhi mayelana nenhloso yakhe yokuhlela umdlalo wezinkampani, ngemuva kwalokho uzobheka ukuthi ngubani kubo ozoba umyeni wakhe.

Ukuphindiselela kwe-Odysseus kanye nokwakheka kwezwe

Ekugcineni, usuku lomncintiswano luza. Umyeni kaPenelope kufanele abe nguye ongakhotha umnsalo we-Odysseus, uqinise umcibisholo, bese udubula umcibisholo ukuze uphendule emasongweni angu-12 - imigodi yesibambo ngezikhonkwane, ezikhonjisiwe emgqeni. Abaphathi abaningi bahluleka, futhi ocelayo (ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi u-Odysseus wayefihlile) uyakwazi ukukwenza. Ulahla izigqoko zakhe, uba neTelmachus emnyango wehholo futhi ngosizo lwezigqila ezimbili ezithembekile, indodana kanye nobaba baqothule bonke abagibeli. U-Penelope esitsheni sokuqala u-Odysseus ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba umyeni wakhe ngempela empeleni, bese esamukela ngenjabulo indoda yakhe ngemva kokuhlukaniswa isikhathi eside.

Indzaba uHomer echazwe enkondlweni yakhe idonsela ekupheleni. "Odyssey," isifinyezo esifushane kakhulu esinikezwe kulesi sihloko, iphetha ngeqhawe elizobona uLaertes, uyise osekhulile. Ukumsukela ngenjongo yokuziphindiselela izihlobo zabakwa-grooms bavunyelwe ukuhamba. Kanye nezinceku eziningana ezithembekile, indodana kanye nobaba, i-Odyssey ilawula ukuhlasela kwabo. Khona-ke u-Athena ungenelela ngemvume kaZeyus futhi kusiza ukubuyisela ukuthula nokuchuma ebukhulu be-Ithaca.