"Victor Leonov": kungani umkhumbi kubangela ukwethuka, ngayiphi injongo Yakhiwa lapho kukhona khona manje?

Ngo-February ka kulo nyaka lapho izulazula endaweni esempumalanga ogwini American livele umkhumbi waseRussia "Victor Leonov", okuyinto, ngokusho NATO nokuqoshwa, ngokuthi "Cherry". Khona-ke intelligence umkhumbi we Navy we Russian Federation senzeka ngasogwini of Delaware cishe 130 kilometers (nautical miles 70) kusuka ezweni.

Futhi, "Victor Leonov" awuzange sihambisane impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu American. Le ndlela kubangelwa komsindo ngisho kubange ukwethuka, kodwa eminye imithombo umangalele ukuthi inhloso womkhumbi okusolwa izulazula nogu isimo selokho uMongameli Donald Trump ethathe izintambo.

Lapho umkhumbi we-Russian Navy livele, nokuthi basabela amandla

Esikhathini esingangenyanga ngaphambili, ama-editions eziningi, ecaphuna umthombo kuhulumeni, waphawula ukuthi intelligence umkhumbi "Victor Leonov" wahlala 30 miles kude phansi ngwenya lempi, ise isimo Connecticut. Ngaphezu kwalokho, fixed yokuhlala lakhe esifundazweni saseGeorgia, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ngwenya based (37 km eduze eningizimu-mpumalanga). Kodwa lokhu umkhumbi akudingi emanzini sendawo Melika. Phakathi kweso uchwepheshe Kwakubonakalisiwe edumile "Victor Leonov" namamayela 60 enyakatho-mpumalanga Norfolk (Portsmouth, Virginia). Kuyinto kule wombuso ingenye multidisciplinary elisekela endala futhi ngobukhulu asolwandle wase-United States i-Atlantic.

Donald Trump uthembise ukugcwalisa isitsha Russian

Ngesikhathi uqala ukusakaza ulwazi mayelana nokubonakala umkhumbi Russian eduze nogu eU.SA, ngo-inkambo Februwari press conference, Donald Trump wabuta imibono yabo kule ndaba. Inhloko isimo akazange anqikaze ngamazwi futhi wafuna ukucwila umkhumbi. "Mina ngokwami, ngangikuthola kwakuzoba lula kakhulu futhi okulula ukuze ujoyine neRussia ngo counter lempi bese liyazika umkhumbi isithunywa amamayela 30 kuphela ukusuka ogwini. Kuphela kuleli cala asikwazi uyavuma, "- kusho umengameli US.

Kuyaphawuleka okokuqala intelligence umkhumbi Russian waqala ukufeza umsebenzi izulazula ogwini olusempumalanga ye Melika ngo-2015.

Ngayiphi idolobha umkhumbi Yakhiwa, lunye, izici

isitsha Russian "Victor Leonov" yayakhiwa cishe iminyaka emine - kusukela ngo-1985 futhi edolobheni of Gdansk (Poland) ukuba 1988, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi baye bakhipha eziyisithupha wale mikhumbi e uhlobo yabo. Ekuqaleni (kuze 2004) wabizwa ngokuthi "odograph". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi into akubhekwa kube ukwaziswa okusha, isivele ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa kwenziwe inqubo sesimanje imishini dolobha efakwe ngaphambili.

Zonke inombolo onobuhle eziyisikhombisa iphrojekthi 846 esinda ngokukhethekile ngohlobo umsakazo amayunithi ngogesi, kodwa lezo ezihluke kakhulu kusukela ngaphandle. Lokhu kungenxa izici isici radar kanye nezinye izinhlelo yesimanje zempi electronic.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi izindawo asolwandle zifakwe Unified State Isimiso Sokuthungatha izimo zokukhanya nangaphezulu amanzi, ngakho izici lobuchwepheshe kwemishini ye- radio, okuyinto efakwe kubo, ngokuqinile imfihlo hhayi kudalulwe. Nokho, Umbuso indawo ye ezinhlotsheni eziningi zempi izinhlaba sekuyisikhathi eside kule domain yomphakathi.

Amathuba ku intelligence umkhumbi Russian

Kuyaziwa ukuthi "Victor Leonov" ifakwe kumadivayisi alandelayo:

• Gar izakhiwo (ukuhlola hydroacoustic);
• uhlelo "inkumbulo";

Ngakho, amadivayisi ukufunda futhi agcinwe isethi ezithile okuthiwa umsindo profile nobuntu kwalokho noma ezinye izinto, ukwakha uhlobo ifayela ikhadi. Nge idatha efana, iqembu yempi futhi ngwenya ingafakwa buqamama, umkhumbi ukuza kubo, okuyinto lwaziswa empini.

Ngo nse indlela hardware "Victor Leonov" uyakwazi ukubona nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ukugcina amaphrofayli izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela futhi isitha radar izinhlelo zalo ezingaba khona. Ukuze ukuqaliswa intelligence lempi, konke lokhu kwaziswa kuyinto indondo ezibalulekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhumbi ifakwe uhlelo abaphuca amasignali Signit futhi sonar ekilasini rocket "umhlaba emoyeni" eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Igama umdlali oyiqhawe edume umkhumbi ayohlola

Famous isilinganiso intelligence umkhumbi, labo ababebanga ukuba ukubukeka kwabo ngokuzumayo eziningi izingxoxo, ngaphambili kwaziwa yibo bonke ngokuthi "odograph". Kwakuthinta ethiwa drt ubudala - idivayisi esakuthwala umkhumbi laying indlela eya Ibalazwe likaMercator.

Njengoba ukuqaliswa bento ingeyamakhosi Black Sea Fleet, futhi ngo-1995 wayiswa ibhalansi Northern Fleet. Kusukela ngo-April 2004, umkhumbi okuthiwa i-"Victor Leonov" - behlonipha seaman edume Soviet, induna kwesimo endaweni ngabanye yePacific Northern mabutho, okuyinto eyaba kabili Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Nguye yake izenzo zabo zokusebenza kanye umyalo ocacile wenza elikhulu isitha isikaniso sokunikela.

Uphi umkhumbi we Navy Russian

Ekupheleni zokugcina 2016 umkhumbi "Victor Leonov" babevela Severomorsk (base eyinhloko Northern Fleet) emkhankasweni bese ngoMashi kulo nyaka ukuze ubuyise amasheya ehla enhloko-dolobha yase-Cuba Port. Phakathi yokupaka yakhe eHavana nezisebenzi nengxenye eminye imisebenzi.

amatilosi nabo wavakashela esikhumbuzo Soviet amasosha-internationalists. Iminyaka eziyisishiyagalolunye, lokhu kwabacasula ukuvakashelwa umkhumbi lwesikhombisa ukuba Havana. Uphi umkhumbi "Victor Leonov" sisalokhu engakaziwa kuze kube manje, kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngemva kokushiya port-Cuban kumelwe uqhubeke ukwenza umsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana eWestern Atlantic, kuhlelelwe Kwangathi uyibuyisele base.