Convergent Journalism: umqondo, izinhlobo. Ubuchwepheshe obusha yintatheli

amathuba Limitless sezinsuku Imininingwane setha Vector ukuthuthukiswa kwethu ngokushesha hhayi nje kuphela umthamo kanye nekhwalithi ulwazi, kodwa futhi endleleni yayo izilaleli ebanzi. Futhi umshayeli oyinhloko yakho konke lokhu indlela Kuhlangana, lapho imingcele futhi izithiyo amacebo amaningi omane uyayeka kuyinto ukuvela entsha ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana.

Okokuqala ithonya labo umthelela eziphathekayo ku kugucuka journalism, ngakho abezindaba master omusha ezisekelweni ulwazi, nezindlela ezingcono kwezidingo kokuqukethwe.

Umsuka walo mkhuba yesimanje

ukubaluleka komkhuba wesimanje tekuhlangani journalism ngo-1970, ongene ukusetshenziswa isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu American Denieel Bell - umbhali inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kumiswa umphakathi post-ezimbonini. Ngaleso sikhathi, leli gama lisho ukuthi nokuhlanganiswa amakhompyutha, amafoni, ama-TV ku amadivayisi ezivamile zobuchwepheshe.

Nokho, kuphela ekuqaleni 90s, lapho i-Inthanethi bokushesha futhi kabanzi phakathi izigidi zabasebenzisi, convergent journalism lithole yisifiso esinamandla kusukela "ezithile isihloko" kuya ethembisayo Imininingwane format ukusakaza. Futhi kule minyaka engu-20, umqondo multimedia uqala okuxoxwe emibuthanweni professional sina.

Ukuhlanganisa Izinqubo Global

Fusion of ezahlukene izinhlobo journalism (cindezela, umsakazo, ithelevishini, abezindaba inthanethi) Kwenziwa emazingeni eziningana okunemibandela. Futhi ngamunye wabo ngokwezinga tekuhlangani nemiphumela yayo nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu:

1. Kakhulu "bakudala" ezingeni tekuhlangani imishini yezobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa izintatheli ukuba siqoqe siphinde sisebenzise imininingwane impahla. izinqubo ezifanayo ngizale ukuvela yezinto zobuchwepheshe ezikhiqizwa njalo ukwelapha edinga i elifanele zamakhono.
2. Ngakho-ke, ezingeni elilandelayo isiba tekuhlangana bomsebenzi (isipiliyoni, ulwazi, amakhono). Abasebenzi iminyango ehlukene nabahleli ehlangana ku iqembu elilodwa sokuthuthukiswa impahla enhlobonhlobo.
3. Esikhathini esizayo, ebudisi, ezibanzi jikelele okuqukethwe format kudala zonke preconditions ngoba budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye abezindaba (ukuphrinta, umsakazo, ithelevishini, nokunye. D.), izinhlobo ephelele, okuyinto esiqongweni ukuthuthukiswa convergent journalism iyonke.

Kususelwa isethulo multimedia-based kolwazi, lanamuhla zethusi izinkampani ukusabalalisa okuqukethwe kwabo ku uhla okubanzi zabosoondaba (ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, umsakazo Inthanethi, iphephandaba emsamo intanethi noma ifomethi Web-TV).

Ngokuyisisekelo, leli gama Latin «convergo» akuhileli nje kuphela ithonya mutual iyiphi izenzakalo komunye nomunye, kodwa futhi angenamkhawulo ukwabelana technology, nakho kusho. Futhi endabeni lo mkhuba journalism convergent, ukuhlanganiswa mutual selivela inqubo sokudlulisela ulwazi olufanayo ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge abezindaba (umbhalo, alalelwayo video) usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene imigudu yokuxhumana (ukuphrinta, umsakazo, ithelevishini kanye ethandwa kakhulu ifomethi yamanje - internet).

Ubuchwepheshe obusha yintatheli

Ukubhebhetheka global Inthanethi kwaholela nokuhlanganiswa izinhlobo ngokwesiko ehlukile kolwazi ukusakaza yisikhungo esisodwa, ukuthi ngisho esikhathini esidlulileko kwakubonakala lungafinyeleleki ngokuphelele.

Ngaphambili, umuntu, ukuze ufunde mayelana nezindaba zakamuva, kwakudingekile ukusebenzisa umsakazo. Ukuze ubone ukuthi kwenzekani entry kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo TV. A Imininingwane ethe xaxa futhi enemininingwane kulindeleke kuphela emakhasini kwizihumusho ezintsha iphephandaba.

Uhlelo olukhona njengamanje abezindaba Kuhlangana ikuvumela ukuba sihlanganise umsindo, ividiyo nolwazi umbhalo ngaphakathi omunye okunyathelisiwe. Yiqiniso, inqubo yokudala umkhiqizo multimedia kudinga okuhlangenwe nakho, amakhono kanye nezindleko impahla. Kwakamuva eshiwo ngokucacile isidingo zinamandla ezifanele futhi ukusebenza imishini, ukukhokhela umsebenzi isithombe nevidiyo ochwepheshe (ingasaphathwa abalobeli bamaphephandaba, izikhulu nokunye. N.).

Ngakho, yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ngokuletha kwisitoreji semidiya zakamuva uyakwazi ukugcina kanyekanye ezibukwayo, umbhalo kanye nedatha umsindo, kwasusa a ukuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo nabezindaba, umsakazo nethelevishini endaweni eyodwa ulwazi imithombo.

Nokuhlanganiswa abezindaba kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana e sphere olulodwa lesibonwa

Kushintsha njalo abezindaba landscape (iqoqo ethandwa kakhulu zokuxhumana ngobuchwepheshe / amasevisi emhlabeni), ngandlela-thile kuletha division ezicashile phakathi kwababusi abezindaba yesimanje, ngenxa okuyinto kungenzeka ukwaba lonke convergent journalism izinhlobo:

1. Abezindaba - izincwadi uhlelo ngokwanele zendawo, wagxila ngokuyinhloko endaweni ethile. imisebenzi yabo angabekwa kwenye yezingxenye of abezindaba: amaphephandaba, umsakazo, umabonakude noma isisetshenziswa Inthanethi. Kuyinto lolu hlobo indlela ephelele kunazo ebonisa ukuthi abafundi namuhla ngokuthi "izindaba zendabuko". Ngokuphathelene Kuhlangana kulesi sigaba ngokuvamile lwenteke ngaphakathi 1-2 amazinga kuchazwe ngaphambili.
2. Hypermedia - uhlobo convergent journalism akugcini yesikhulumi abezindaba eyodwa kuphela ukuletha okuqukethwe kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, iphephandaba lase-inthanethi nayo ezishicilelwe futhi ngeencwadi. Kuyinto bonke abo kakhulu umuntu ukuthini igama elithi "multimedia" / - inhlanganisela indaba ka umbhalo eziningi abonwayo, alalelwayo, izithombe kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlinzeka ulwazi. Integration ku hypermedia, ngokulandelana, senzeka kuzo zontathu izigaba.
3. Transmedia - uhlobo kunalokho edidayo, impikiswano mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo namanje kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa zokuxhumana zezenhlalo (isibonelo esisodwa transmedia), okuyinto empeleni yayo ngokwengxenye kuphela ifa izici kanye nabezindaba imisebenzi. Kulokhu, wangabaza okuqukethwe kakhulu ukubaluleka ulwazi, t. Ukuze. It sidalwe futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi ukuhlela hhayi izintatheli, abasebenzisi abathambekele ikakhulukazi kumuntu uyaxoxa (olukhulunywa) kusho alamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i platform enjalo abezindaba ukuthi siqhubeka nokusebenza kwazo nendlela ezisebenza ngayo esisebenzayo ngalé kwelinye journalism, ochwepheshe abaningi akhuthaza hhayi ukuba waqonda njengoba emisha sina. Ngemva transmedia ukunikeza abasebenzisi nge hhayi kuphela imisebenzi lesibonwa, kodwa futhi ukukhangisa, okuqukethwe ukuzijabulisa, nokunye okuningi.

Cross-media lahlotshaniswa

Igama elithi "journalism yafinyelela" ngokuvamile indawo professional - "cross-media". Lokhu kusala ngenxa ukusondela esingaphezulu kwalemibandela. Kodwa kubo bonke ukufana, umehluko phakathi kwabo ingaphansi incazelo generalized lakamuva.

Cross-media ngempela kusho ukusetshenziswa ukushicilelwa ukusakaza ezisekelweni okungenani amabili (ukuphrinta, ithelevishini, digital, njll), kanye ukusakazwa kokuqukethwe eziningi kumadivayisi lobuchwepheshe (ama-TV, amaphilisi, Smartphones, njll .. Amagajethi). Lugxile izinhlobo ezahlukene ezisekelweni emisebenzini yayo futhi yenza cross-media journalism.

Indlela yokuthola multimedia impahla

Convergent Journalism njalo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izincwadi alalelwayo ezihlukahlukene, video kanye izinto ezithathiwe, ukuzidayisa ngokuthi ububanzi uhla amadivayisi ukusakaza. Kwaba kulowo isimiso elula theory yakhiwe nzima practice inqubo zokufuna, le ekhishwe i-information processing kanye nokubhaliswa izintatheli:

• Imibiko evela endle kumelwe nakanjani kwenziwe usebenzisa wevidiyo ne ukufakwa okwalandela izikhathi izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umsebenzi we wabezindaba futhi kwezinye izimo kuhilela nokushutha ividiyo ke kuphela kuziteshi umlingani TV.
• Ngaphezu kwalokhu, nakanjani izithombe okudingekile nokufanele.
• ukuhlanganiswa Okugcwele wonke umuntu usebenza ukudalwa okuqukethwe kwabezindaba. Emacembu izintatheli ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene inkampani soxhumanoningi in ngandlela-thile ihlelwe nomunye, enifeza hhayi kuphela usesho olunzulu impahla, kodwa futhi lokulandisa umklamo okubonakalayo okuqukethwe. Kulokhu, kukhona umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela kwi database, Infographics nezinye izakhi abezindaba.
• Ekugcineni, musa siqambe ukubambisana phakathi kwabezindaba ezahlukene abezindaba kudalwa amaphrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela, ukusesha nokuhlela material.

Ngezinye izikhathi isimo abezindaba yafinyelela kufanisa journalism kakhudlwana futhi inthanethi, okuyinto ukuhlolwa kunalokho olungalungile kolwazi imithombo. Njengoba ayatholakala ku-intanethi, indlela abezindaba ukudala ngokwenyama kuphela ingxenye eyengeziwe supply of okuqukethwe, kodwa akusho ukusakaza ifomathi evamile.

izibalo Epoch

Esikhathini ijika, ukushicilelwa, saliphi kusekelwe ngqo kwi-inthanethi, wathola igama ehlukile esigabeni sayo - journalism digital. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu eside lisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo netemu "flash-journalism" (ethathwe isofthiwe ye-Adobe Flash, okuyinto ithuluzi lula futhi ethandwa ngokudala, ukushicilela kanye Soxhumanoningi ukuhlela inthanethi).

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa Okwezwe izici Wide Web ukudala futhi ukukhuthaza okuqukethwe kwabo, umagazini digital futhi basikisela ekufuneni imithombo imvelo kwenethiwekhi imithombo ehlukahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa namabhulogi, wezindaba, RSS-izifunzo, ukuxhumana nomphakathi.

journalism Digital (kungaba iphephandaba online, isayithi izindaba, nokunye. D.) ngokuqondile ezihlobene zihlangana endaweni okwakwenzeke ngezizathu multimedia yayo amakhono kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi amapulatifomu okuqukethwe.

Amanothi kusukela baxgeki

Nokho, i-fusion izinhlobo ezahlukene journalism isisetshenziswa olulodwa hhayi ngaphandle izimbangi abagxeki kanye vocal. Ngakho, ohlangothini engakhi abezindaba yafinyelela zihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa ikhwalithi impahla okuphakelayo.

Bengayeki futhi impikiswano evuthayo mayelana nokuthi izinkampani abezindaba ingasebenza njengendlela professional ne okuqukethwe efanayo, uletha ezisekelweni eziningana ezahlukene. Futhi kunakwa sinikezwe hhayi kuphela West, kodwa futhi journalism yasekhaya, okuyinto futhi namuhla has a lot of big abezindaba izintatheli.

Umphumela waba ukuthi uthola ezibizayo ukushicilela umfundi?

ukuthuthukiswa Abezindaba akuyona kuphela kungenzeka synthesize okuqukethwe izithombe, video kanye alalelwayo, kodwa futhi usanda kwethula lento ikhono wengeze hyperlink kushicilelwe nezinye izinsiza ukwethula amafomu interactive zokuvota, ukulinganisa namazwana. Asikwazi uyavuma ukuthi le ndlela yokukhuluma hhayi kuphela okunye okuqukethwe ulwazi futhi zihlukahlukene, kodwa futhi kakhulu inomthelela bezibona yayo iyonke. Ngokwesibonelo, uma e izinhlobo yendabuko umbhalo ngokuvamile badlala indzima ulwazi oluyisisekelo, izincwadi abezindaba lo msebenzi kungenzeka ukuthi kakade babelwe isiqophi noma IZITHOMBE. Izwi kulokhu zithathelwe wenza ukuphawula njengoba achazayo, izibuyekezo, izihloko zezindaba.

Njengoba for izilaleli, isimo sawo lesilinganiselwa umthengi ishintshile kakhulu futhi manje libhekene nomsebenzi mkhulu abafundi babe yena, kusho nomthelela ulwazi emkhakheni. Kulokhu, abasebenzisi babe amathuba amaningi ilungelo lomuntu ngamunye lokuzikhethela ngefomethi oyifunayo, endabeni okuxoxwa kwenkululeko ulwazi oludingekayo.

On lokho kufanele journalism omusha namuhla

ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke Rapid izimakethe ngolwazi ukunyamalala ongenakugwenywa yimuphi imingcele phakathi kwawo amenze ngemva tekuhlangana Computing, yezokusakaza kanye ezokuxhumana ubuchwepheshe nomunye.

izinsiza abezindaba zanamuhla ikakhulukazi ngamakhasimende ncamashi esikrinini. Ukubonisa ividiyo, izithombe, izithombe kakhulu kwandisa readability kolwazi, emelela Inani eliphelele it in a ifomu sikubeke ngaphezulu. Kanyekanye eyenziwa inhlanganisela ezahlukene umsindo, image nombhalo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga izinga inqubo kunomkhawulo amakhono zokudala ezivela kubasebenzi ezibonakalayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni journalism kudlala entsha kanye nemibono yomphakathi, wathola inkululeko ebanzi yokukhuluma ngenxa ukuvela izakhi interactive izingcebo abezindaba. Amakhulu amazwana nezinkulungwane samavoti okhethweni, izilinganiso nokuvota yomphakathi - konke lokhu kuye kwaba ithuluzi umsebenzisi nomthelela wangempela naphakathi ulwazi, okuyinto sithinta Vector ukuthuthukiswa okuqukethwe kwabezindaba.

Abezindaba imvelo inquma ukwazi

Ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi abezindaba ahlukahlukene kwelinye umkhiqizo abeka kuyo izindinganiso ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa emsebenzini izintatheli ngubani namuhla aphoqelelwe ukuba ifa ezihlukahlukene emakhono langiwo ikhwalithi kwezingxenye isakhiwo. Ukufeza lokhu kudinga ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo izintatheli entsha emkhakheni abezindaba, kanye umsebenzi unamakhono nezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nohlobo izinto.

Ukuze inembe kakhulu kunazo zonke okuqukethwe ngefomethi kwesokudla kanye nokuqukethwe jikelele abezindaba isisebenzi kumele bakwazi efanele afeze yonke uhlu imisebenzi ahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo:

• ikhono ukurekhoda ividiyo;
• Ukubhala umbhalo ulwazi kanye nokubhala;
• alalelwayo podcast ukuqopha;
• amakhono ukuhlela;
• nakho blogerskogo ndawo.

Chaza iphrofayli yabo, intatheli entsha

izidingo yamanje kusikisela ukuba khona ekhethekile, multimedia-kucabanga e isisebenzi ngasinye circumscribed sithombe. Futhi uye wababonisa umusa, ikakhulukazi amakhono:

• ikhono ukudubula imibiko isiqophi futhi wenze bethwebula;
• sisebenze program e-computer ehlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi ehlobene ulwazi umsebenzi ukufakwa kwezinhlelo);
• ukuzulazula ku-intanethi, ukusebenza eliphezulu futhi imithombo ulwazi;
• kahle futhi ngokushesha ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe izindaba kunethiwekhi izinsiza;
• inqubo futhi udlulise amaphakethe idatha volumetric kwezinto ezilalelwayo nezibukelwayo;
• blogerskogo uzulazule emkhakheni (kuhlanganise lapha hhayi kuphela ukucinga ulwazi, kodwa futhi baqhuba ngqo namabhulogi ahlukahlukene);
• kungatholakali ukuphathwa nethimba nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku noma ebusuku.

Ngenxa yalokho, kuba iqoqo efanayo kwamakhono namakhono intatheli ichaza Ibha izinga ekudalweni akuyona elula ku isakhiwo izincwadi multimedia.

Ekuphetheni, into esemqoka

Zonke abafundi banamuhla Imininingwane izincwadi lwaletinye tifundvo nezakhiwo kunjalo ukufakaza ushintsho omkhulu. Amathemba sokuthuthukiswa journalism convergent hhayi kuphela Abut kwathatha yesikhulumi ukusakaza inethiwekhi kanye kudalwa website yayo siqu. Okunjalo isigamu-izinyathelo, okuyinto avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa convergent journalism abezindaba ezingeni lesifunda kanye zenkampani encane, kunalokho kukhona ukuhlehla ku ukuthuthukiswa uhlobo ngemicondvo entsha abezindaba.

Okuyisisekelo sokuguqula amafomethi amasha ngaphansi kwemibandela yokuguqulwa kuwukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lezindlela ezihlukahlukene namathuluzi okuletha ulwazi encwadini eyodwa eshicilelwe. Ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokuqukethwe kombhalo, ubuchwepheshe behluzo eziphambili, izithombe, izithombe, izinto zokwenza ividiyo, umsindo, ukwethulwa kwezakhi ezihlangene ezithameli ezivela kumithombo - yilokho okuhlangene nolwazi oluhlangene olunikezayo, olunikeza abasebenzisi ulwazi oluhle, oluthile olufundisayo olubonakalayo nokubonakala okukhululekile Ukuveza kokucabanga komuntu siqu.

Okuwukuphela kwenkinga ephuthumayo, okuphuthumayo okuyokhula kuphela phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwezindaba eziguquguqukayo, ikhono lamaphrojekthi abasha abasebenza amakhono abo nokucabanga okufanele bakwazi ukunikeza izethameli okuqukethwe okuqukethwe multimedia of quality eliphezulu kakhulu.